Animation Basic Orientation for 3D Animation (Y-Up Version) 1Copyright © Texas Education Agency,...

Animation

Basic Orientation for

3D Animation

(Y-Up Version)

Image 01. Used with permission.

In basic geometry, students learn to plot points on a Cartesian plane. This is named for French mathematician René Descartes (1596-1650).

A Cartesian coordinate system specifies each point using an ordered pair of coordinates. The first number indicates the position on the X axis and second indicates the position on the Y axis.

The Connection to Basic Geometry

Image 02. Public domain.

Cartesian Plane UsedIn Basic Geometry

Three Coordinates Per Vertex In 3D animation software, each point is referenced with three

numbers that indicate the position on the X, Y, and Z axes. The pivot point (registration point) for a 3D object is used to

determine the placement in 3D space.

Elements of a3D Object In addition to the pivot point, a

3D model can be broken down to vertices, polygons, and faces.

Each vertex (or point) in a 3D model has three coordinates (X, Y, and Z). 3D models often have thousands of vertices.

Several vertices define a polygon (also known as a face).

Several polygons fit together to make the mesh of a 3D object (or model).

The line connecting two adjacent points is called an edge.

Which Way is Up?Y axis or Z axis? There are several different software applications used in the

industry. While there are some major differences, many basic 3D concepts are common to most software.

One of the most important differences between different software is the vertical axis. Some applications name the up and down axis as Y while others name it Z.

Because models in one application are sometimes transferred to a different application, it is important for students to be aware of this difference.

Two versions of this slide show have been given (Y-up and the Z-up). Teachers should use the one that matches the classroom software.

X Axis The X axis is used to plot the left or right position of an object.

Y Axis The Y axis is used to plot the position of an object above or below the

ground plane.

Z Axis The Z axis is used to plot the forward or backward position of an object.

X, Y, and Z Axes

The Origin

The point where the axes intersect is called the origin. In 2D geometry, the origin is (0,0) but in 3D software the origin is (0,0,0).

Image 10. Used with permission. Image 11. Used with permission.

Orthogonal Views The software window that shows the 3D object is commonly

called a viewport. The user has the option of setting the viewport to an

orthogonal (or straight-on) view. An orthogonal view could be a front view, a top view, or a side view.

An orthogonal view is parallel to the X, Y, or Z axis.

Perspective Viewport In addition to the orthogonal views, a viewport can be set to a

perspective view. This type of viewport allows the user to rotate the view in order to see a model from every possible angle.

Customized ViewportLayouts In most 3D applications, users can customize the

arrangement of the viewports. When animating objects, a single viewport is often used. This

single view can easily be changed to an orthogonal view or the perspective view.

When modeling objects, a quad arrangement of the viewports is usually preferred. This allows the user to see the front, top, side, and perspective views simultaneously.

Quad ViewportLayout

15Image 14. Used with permission.

Viewport NavigationZoom (or Magnify) All viewports have a tool which allows the user to zoom in or

zoom out.

Viewport NavigationPan All viewports have a tool which allows the user to pan left or

right and up or down in the viewport.

Viewport NavigationOrbit (or Rotate) The perspective viewport has a tool which allows the user to

orbit (or rotate) the view. The ability to orbit is not available in the orthogonal views

(front, top, side).

Rendering Style In each viewport, the user may choose from a variety of

rendering styles to view a 3D object. The most common styles are wireframe (shows the points

and edges of each polygon), shaded (shows a solid version of the model), and a shaded with wires (a combination).

Viewport Navigation vsObject Manipulation

When beginning to use 3D software, it is easy to confuse adjustments to a view with actual changes to an object.

Viewports can pan, zoom, and orbit to give the user the best possible view while modeling or animating.

Objects can be transformed (moved), scaled, or rotated.

Viewports pan zoom orbit

Objects transform (move) scale rotate

Transform (Move) In the example below, the fish has moved from one position to

another.

Scale Objects can be scaled (sized) on each axis. If the X, Y, and Z axes are all scaled the same amount, the

size of the object will stay in proportion. If on axis is scaled a different amount than the others, the

shape of the object will distort.

Rotate The object can be rotated on each object. This is measured

in degrees with 360°being a complete circle. All the most applications refer to the axis that serves as the

center of rotation, the terms heading, pitch, and bank are sometimes used.

Rotation on the Y Axis

Rotation on the X Axis

Rotation on the Z Axis

Pivot Point The fish object used throughout this slide show has the pivot point (or

registration point) placed in the middle. You can move the pivot point of a 3D object but you should do so before

you begin animating.

Tires and propellers would need the pivot point placed perfectly in the center of the object.

If you were to create a 3D door that would open, you would place the pivot point at the hinge.

The pivot point for a golf club or baseball bat should be placed at the point where the hands would be placed.

Image Credits Image 01. Fish model on grid. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 02. Portrait of Rene DesCartes. Created by After Frans Hals, circa 1649-1700. This work is in the public domain in

the United States, and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or less. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg

Image 03. 2D Cartesian plane. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 04. Balls showing 3 coordinates. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 05. Points, edges, and polygons. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 06. X axis. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 07. Y axis. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 08. Z axis. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 09. X, Y, and Z axes. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 10. 2D origin. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 11. 3D origin. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 12. Orthogonal views. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 13. Perspective view. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 14. Quad viewport layout. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 15. Zoom. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 16. Pan. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 17. Orbit. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 18. Rendering styles. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 19. Transform. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 20. Scale. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 21. Rotate. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 22. Rotation on the Y axis. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 23. Rotation on the X axis. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 24. Rotation on the Z axis. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission. Image 25. Pivot points. Created by Mark Harman. Used with permission.

Animation Basic Orientation for 3D Animation (Y-Up Version) 1Copyright © Texas Education Agency,...

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