Forests and the Climate Change: The REDD+ Process in Mozambique

Almeida SitoeAlmeida SitoeDepartment of Forestry, Eduardo Mondlane University, 

Maputo, Mozambique

Presented at the workshop on Cliamte Change and access to markets in Mozambique: policies and organizational architecture, Maputo, August 17, 20111

ObjectiveObjective

• Provide a brief overview of the REDD+ processProvide a brief overview of the REDD+ process in Mozambique

• Inform the proposed national REDD+ strategic• Inform the proposed national REDD+ strategic objectivesDi h i i d h ll• Discuss the opportunities and challenges

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LayoutLayout

1 General concepts and definitions1. General concepts and definitions2. Forest context3 i f i i3. Brief REDD+ process overview in 

Mozambique4. The proposed national REDD+ Strategic 

objectives5. Opportunities6 Challenges6. Challenges

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0. General concepts and definition0. General concepts and definition

R d ti fReduction ofEmissions forEmissions for

Deforestation andDeforestation andDegradation of forestsg

+ carbon sequestration by trees

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Forest Non‐Forest

Degraded Forest

100% 10% 0%

Forests in “open Forest plantations

paccess areas”

Community forestsDegradation

Protection forests

Deforestation (1)

Forest Concessions

Deforestation (2)Forest Conservation

Deforestation (2)

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1 Forest context1. Forest context

• Forest cover: 40 million ha (51% of the country ( ysurface)

M i l Mi b f t• Mainly Miombo forests (dryforests)

• Annual deforestation rate: 0.58% (1990‐2005)( )

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Drivers of deforestation and degradationDrivers of deforestation and degradation

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2. Brief process overview in Mozambique: kkey REDD+ events

1 12 D b 7-8 DecemberCOP 15 in Copenhagen

1-12 DecemberCOP14 in Poznan3-14 December

COP13 in BaliNovember 29 – December 10COP 16 in Cancun

Regional consultations on REDD in Maputo, Beira and Nampula

Road-Map for REDD preparedness prepared: RPP, N ti l St t

April, REDD strategy prioritized over RPP

R-PIN prepared and submitted

Norway provides financial support for a South-South collaboration on REDD

Draft R-PP

Training on REDD at local level

201020092008

National Strategy

Draft National REDD+ strategy submitted to MICOA by the

2007 2011

Consultation at

AugustJICA initiates work on MRV

National REDD+ strategy discussed ithi th C il f S t i bl

submitted to MICOA by the REDD Working Group

Meeting at Pequenos Libombos to evaluate Mozambique REDD preparedness - National REDD working group is constituted

(MICOA) Ministry of the Environment decision to initiate REDD process

MICOA d MINAG d l ti

Minister of MICOA meet FAS representative at COP 14. FAS invites MICOA to visit the Amazon experience

Pilot areas

within the Council of Sustainable Development (CONDES)

MICOA ad MINAG delegations visit FAS in the Amazon. FAS offers technical support for Mozambique process

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Coordination of the South‐South program f h dfor the REDD+ preparedness 

NATIONAL REDD GROUP COORDINATION

IIED

COORDINATION

UEMMICOA ‐MINAG

UEMFAS

CTV

Indufor

REPRESENTATIVES OF GOVERNMENT CIVIL SOCIETY

TECHNICAL SUPPORTGOVERNMENT, CIVIL SOCIETY 

AND PRIVATE SECTOR16

National PoliciesNational Policies• Land: 

d– Access and availability of energiesBi f l– State owned

– Local communities have free access– Land use rights granted to users

• Forest and wildlife:

• Biofuels– No‐replacement of forests– EU sustainability criteria

• AgricultureForest and wildlife:– State owned forests– Local communities have free access– Co‐management schemes

F i

Agriculture– Green Revolution: Intensification of 

agriculture – increase productivity– Reforestation: expansion of 

industrial forest plantations– Forest concessions– Conservation areas– Open access (unclassified)

• Environment

industrial forest plantations• Mining

– Environmental Impact Assessment– Rehabilitation of Degraded LandEnvironment

– EIA for land based investments– Rehabilitation measures imposed

• Energy

• Infrastructure– Environmental Impact Assessment– Rehabilitation of Degraded Land

– Expansion of electricity and other energies

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Base lineBase line

1.4

0.64

0.58

0.21

Tempo (anos)200219901972 20252012

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3. National REDD+ Strategic objectives ( d)(proposed)

1. Establishment of a coordination platform for a permanent stab s e t o a coo d at o p at o o a pe a e tdialog across sectors on drivers and solutions for DD and carbon sequestration

2. Reduce the conversion of forests to non‐forest in the mid‐l tlong term

3 Avoid conversion of dense forests into open forests3. Avoid conversion of dense forests into open forests

4. Promote forest and tree plantation, including agroforestry systems, in non‐forest areas and degraded forests 19

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REDD+ Implementation structureREDD+ Implementation structure

ESTRATEGIC DECISIONS on REDD+REDD+ National DevelopmentNational Council

Development Partners

Para além das tarefas correntes incluir –REDD+ na agenda técnica e política

CONDESSecretariat MICOA BANK

UTREDD+ ‐ Estudos (definição da agenda de investigação no ambito do REDD)Proposta de policticas, estrategia de 

partilha de informacao, implementação, MRV

REDD+ Technical Unit

MINAG REDD+ Local Fund

I d d t U it S ifi t k b d l t d t i ti i tit ti h th

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Independent Unit‐ Specific tasks can be delegated to existing institutions such as the Department of Natural Resource Assessment, Research institutes, Academia, and the Centers for Sustainable Development

Proposed benefit sharing MechanismProposed benefit sharing MechanismREDD+ Fund Bank 

account

20% Management, Research d MRV

80% REDD+ activitiesand MRV

%

NGOs

Communities and families Others – Private sector

REDUCTION OF EMISSIONS FROM 

DEFORESTATIONFOREST

Community management of Natural Resources• Strengthening of Community

Activities resulting in reduction of deforestation and deforestation rates increase in

, FOREST DEGRADATION AND INCREASE IN CARBON STOCKS Strengthening of Community 

organizations (COGEP, Interest Groups)•Non‐Carbon emissions income generation activities

deforestation rates, increase in forest carbon stock or non‐carbon emission income generation

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Coordination and commitmentCoordination and commitment

• Policies and laws• Policies and laws– Decentralization: Strategic development planning done at local (district) leveldone at local (district) level

– Community consultation on land based projectsCo management schemes allowed by law– Co‐management schemes allowed by law

• Institutions: – Ministry of Environment (MICOA)– Ministry of Agriculture (MINAG)

• Actors: National REDD Working Group27

4 O t iti4. Opportunities

• Existing policy framework is supportive for REDD+ ‐ “just” needs implementation

• Experience with Benefit‐Sharing (20% revenue distribution mechanism +  Voluntary Carbon 

d / b )trade/carbon PES projects)• South‐South Cooperation with FAS‐Brazil• Some financial support (Norway and Japan, potentially FCPF)p y )

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Rural communities have opportunities on REDD+

• Reduction of deforestation in communityReduction of deforestation in community forest land

• Co management on conservation areas and• Co‐management on conservation areas and buffer zonesP hi i h h i W dl• Partnership with the private sector: Woodlots

• Agroforestry systems• Other land uses (with reduced emissions)

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5. ChallengesbCarbon Estimation

Tier 2: Local parameters f REDDfor REDDimplementation Tier 3: Simulation 

models (with local parameters and f ti )functions)REDD implementation

Tier 1:  Global parameters (IPCC Guidelines)Design of strategyDesign of strategy

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Financial mechanisms and benefit sharingFinancial mechanisms and benefit sharing

• ChallengesChallenges– Carbon rights vs land/forest rights– State owned land and forestsState owned land and forests– DUAT can be revoked– Poor implementation of policies/lawsp p /– No clear land use plans and territorial zoning– Money reaching the ground– Information on the cost of REDD+ (Opportunity Cost, Transaction Cost, etc.) 

– Capacity for fund raising for REDD+31

Technical capacityTechnical capacity

• Mainstreaming of REDD+ into the current sectorMainstreaming of REDD+ into the current sector  development plans

• Definition of baseline, monitoring, and independent , g, pverification

• Cross sector integration of informationg• Knowledge on Carbon Markets• Negotiation skills on REDD+ projectsg p j

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Thank o !Thank you !

For more information, see also:

Wertz‐Kanounnikoff S., Sitoe A., Salomão A. (2011): How is REDD+ unfolding in southern Africa’s dry forest? A Snapshot from Mozambique, Infobrief37, CIFOR, Bogor. (www.cifor.cgiar.org).

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