Ami2013 Tutorial Contextual Experience Prototyping

Human Computer Interaction & Usability Unit http://icts.sbg.ac.at

Thomas Grill mailto:thomas.grill@sbg.ac.at

03.12.2013

Contextual Experience Prototyping

Tutorial at AMI 2013

● Experience Prototyping - Contextual Experience Prototyping / 102

Contextual Experience Prototyping

• The ICT&S Center !

! Research Center at the !!!!

! approx. 40 interdisciplinary researchers

! located in the center ! of Salzburg

Agenda

• 14-15:30 (Contextual) Experience Prototyping • 15:30-16:00 Coffee Break • 16:00-17:30 Prototyping the Experience …

● Experience Prototyping - Contextual Experience Prototyping / 102!5… workers man the Motorola smartphone plant in Fort Worth, Texas. U.S. factories…. source: http://www.salon.com/

What is the experience?

What is the context?

prototyping UX …

● Experience Prototyping - Contextual Experience Prototyping / 102!6

What is the context? noise

coworkers

supervisors

temperature

machines

time pressure

clothingwork day

materials

What is the experience?emotions

trust safety

happiness

anger anger

What is the experience?

What is the context?

cartraffic jam

mobile phone

safety

angerboredness

regulations/law

Kids experiences …

Maypole Project !

Goal: ! Create prototypes that

would give children an experience as close as possible to that evoked by the final solution

! Nokia built working sets of picture communicators that the design team was able to distribute to children who could take them away and play with them for days at a time

communication

mobile contextemotions

social

What is a prototype?

pro-to-type n.

1. An original type, form, or instance serving as a basis or standard for later stages.

2. 2. An original, full-scale, and usually working model of a new product or new version of an existing product. 3. An early, typical example

[http://www.dictionary.com; accessed January 13, 2004]

“ ‘Prototyping’ is externalizing and making concrete a design idea for the purpose of evaluation”

Bill Verplank, 1992

What is a prototype?

Goals …

visualising …

for evaluation purposes

communicating …

iterating …

Da Vinci’s flying machine …

Visualisation …

• http://www.engadget.com/2013/05/15/visualized-google-glass-prototypes/

Service prototype

• The aim is verifying what happens when some external factors interfere during the service delivery, factors that it’s not possible to verify during the preceding tests in the laboratory but that have a great impact on the user perception and experience.

The service prototype is a tool for

testing the service by observing the interaction of the user with a

prototype of the service put in the place, situation and condition

where the service will actually exist.

(2007) Dan Saffer, Designing for Interaction. Creating Smart Applications and Clever Devices, New Riders Book.

The process …

Plan1 Develop Task Flows2

Specification2PHASE Choose a Methodch 75

Validate the Designch 1210

Deploy the Designch 1311

3 Create the Designch 108

Design

4Results

Choose a Toolch 86

Define Content and Fidelitych 53

Determine Characteristicsch 64

Select Design Criteriach 97

Review the Designch 119

Verify Requirements1

The Effective Prototyping Process

CHAPTER

Arnowitz, J., Arent, M., and Berger, N. Effective Prototyping for Software Makers. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, 2006.

Prototyping requirements to evaluate requirements …

Helps understanding the context and scenarios …

Low vs. high fidelity

Audience, stage, speed, longevity, expression, style, medium, fidelityCard sorting, wireframing, storyboards, paper prototypes, digital prototypes, video prototypes, Wizard of Oz, Coding

Map method to tool …

Visual design guidelines, usability guidelines

Build the prototype …

Evaluate, validate and iterate the prototype …

Internal review of the prototype …

Your prototype is ready …

Experience Prototyping

• The experience prototype allows designers to show and test the solution through an active participation of the users.

What about the experience?

Keeping Connected Design Challenge Develop: Core activity sheet

Experience prototypingWhat is experience prototyping?

Experience prototyping is a method for testing new service ideas and designs. They are used to show what the experience will be like and help to test and develop parts of the solution.

Prototypes could be a physical model of a VSHFL¿F�WRXFKSRLQW��D�VNHWFK�RI�D�VLJQ�RU�D roleplay to focus on the service’s interactions. Prototypes should focus on the service’s most important or unusual touchpoints.

Prototypes do not need to look beautiful or take a long time to make. It is more important to create something quickly, test it and then improve the design.

Useful tips

Don’t be afraid to use your imagination; prototypes don’t need to work, they are just props to help explain what the experience might be like. Remember that prototypes are only created to help you improve, so don’t worry if it doesn’t VHHP�WR�ZRUN�¿UVW�WLPH�URXQG�

1 Look at your service blueprint and think

about which touchpoints might need protoyping.

2 Decide how you are going to prototype it;

you could make a model or act out an interaction.

3 Take photographs or video so that you can

review the prototype. Does the prototype meet the service principles you created in the discover stage? If not, how can you change it to meet them?

4 Ask your users to feedback on the

prototype. Remember to get the opinion of older adults and younger people.

5 Create another version of the

prototype with the improvements based on your users’ feedback...

http://hvcollege.com

What is the difference?

Is this experience

prototyping?

• The experience prototype allows designers to show and test the solution through an active participation of the users. !

! it is NOT about the creation of a formalized toolkit or a set of techniques

!! it is about developing

an attitude and language to solve design problems

The experience prototype

is a simulation of the service experience that foresees some of its

performances through the use of the specific physical touch-

points involved.

(2000) Marion Buchenau, Jane Fulton Suri, Experience Prototyping, paper presented at the Symposium on Designing Interactive Systems.

• Creating a prototype ! a design ! an interactive system ! within a specific context of use !

• The design criteria ! product requirements? ! usability criteria? !

! UX factors ! towards an

“integrated experience”

Designer

Audience

prototype

Product(Charachteristics of the

product)

Context of use(Characteristics of the

context)

User Requirements(Characteristics of target

users)

prototype

Stake holdersUsers

Designers

adaptpresentation

Design problem is an integrated experience

Experience Prototyping Traditional Prototyping

prototype

Design problem is shaped by the

product requirements

UX Factors

• Experiencing the prototype !

! Investigate experiences • UX Factors • by means of interviews, focus groups, narrations, diaries, … !

! Examples • Investigate Emotions • Investigate Trust • Investigate the “whole experience”

Customize the communication of design concepts to different audiences

Improve design decisions through (self-)experiencing the integrated experience of design concepts

Design for new contexts (e.g. airplane, cars, rural areas, factories, etc.)

Design for broader spectrum of target users (e.g. children, elderly, people with disability, illiterate people, etc.)

Designer

Design for new forms and materials of interaction (e.g. tangible, gesture-based, dialog-based, bendable, etc.)

Challenges

Purpose

• How does an experience prototype influence the experience? !

• What influences the prototype?

! Experience requirements ! Designers ! Fidelity of the prototype

Factors definingexperience

quality

Designer's empathy for audience

Designer's empathy for situation

Experience-requirements

Analysis through e.g. :contextual observations, user testing or participative design methods

Degree of context and explanations

Appropriate framing of experience

Fidelity of prototype Progress in realization

Experience Prototypes

• Fidelity: High • Method: Video Prototyping • Context: Mobile Context, Social Context !

• Experiences - UX Factors: ! Social (Reputation, Friends, Meeting new people) ! Emotions ! Perceived Usefulness

Experience prototype

any representation, in any medium, that is

designed to enhance the understanding, exploration or communication of what it might be like

to engage with the product, space, or system a company is

designing.

(2000) Marion Buchenau, Jane Fulton Suri, Experience Prototyping, paper presented at the Symposium on Designing Interactive Systems.

• The experience prototype allows designers to show and test the solution through an active participation of the users.

• Experience PrototypeStreetFlyer Flying Sensation Experience Prototype

The story

I was a frequent pedal paddler when I was a kid until I got myself into an accident. After that I have never really found the two wheeled form of transportation to be quite as exciting again. Well, of course, I have been up in the saddle after that, and even gotten myself one of those high end mountain bikes when I was in my twenties, but I didn’t really use it that much. When it got stolen, I never cared to really venture into that territory again. Of course, like every guy, I have been pushed by adrenaline to get myself a motorcycle, but the thought of ending up in one of those accidents again, this time during way higher speeds, makes me want to take the safe route around. However, there are definitely other things out there that have wheels, and that are strikingly similar to biking.

fear, lost excitement ….

fearsafety, trust

curious for new things

What’s the contextual in it?

• Schilit and Theimer (1994) refer to context as location, identities of nearby people and objects, and changes to those objects.

• In a similar definition, Brown, Bovey et al. (1997) define context as location, identities of the people around the user, the time of day, season, temperature, etc.

• Ryan, Pascoe et al. (1998) define context as the user’s location, environment, identity and time.

• Dey and Abowd’s definition (2001) ! Context is any information that can be used to characterize the

situation of an entity. An entity is a person, place, or object that is considered relevant to the interaction between a user and an application, including the user and applications themselves.

Experience Prototyping Methods

LowFidelity

HighFidelity

SketchingWireframing

Paper Prototyping

Video PrototypingInteraction Prototyping

Functional Prototype

Semi-Functional Prototype

Bodystorming

Roomstorming Wizard of OzPrototyping

Design Studio

Experience Prototyping Methods

• Sketching vs. Prototyping ! The difference lies in the intent. !

• Paper Prototyping, WireFraming, … ! Low Fidelity to explore and communicate ideas ! Iterate !

• DesignStudio ! Bring all stakeholders together ! iterate, sketch, prototype, design …

!• Wizard of Oz Prototyping

! Evaluation vs. Prototyping ! Live prototyping, experience dynamic situations

Some examples …

• PainStation • SpaceTop • Musical Embrace • IllumiRoom • AgeSuit • …

PainStation

PainStation - Experience

Game-experience: A simple Pong Game

Physical experience: how much pain can you stand …

Physical experience: playing together, community, …

PainStation

http://vimeo.com/3956100

SpaceTop

• Experience ! Experiencing alternative interaction ! Emotions (e.g. Fun), perceived trust, perceived utility, … !

!• Context

! Mixed Interaction Environment (3D + real world) ! Augmented Reality

SpaceTop

Musical Embrace

• Experience ! Social experience ! Bodily interaction ! Touch experience ! Emotions ! Interacting in an

“unorthodox” way !

• Context ! digital game ! real world

http://exertiongameslab.org/projects/musical-embrace

Examples

AgeSuit

• AgeSuit

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXLVLSgX3Ig

AgeSuit

• Experiences ! Vision ! Restricted motion ! Reduced muscular strength ! Being old ! Being ill !!

• Context ! Real life ! Getting older ! Living in an aging society ! …

AgeSuit

IllumiRoom

• IllumiRoom: Peripheral Projected Illusions for Interactive Experiences

! IllumiRoom augments the area surrounding a television screen with projected visualizations to enhance the traditional living room entertainment experience.

! Jones, B. R., Benko, H., Ofek, E., and Wilson, A. D. Illumiroom: peripheral projected illusions for interactive experiences. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2013), ACM, pp. 869–878.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJ4hWa6y710

Illumiroom

and many more …

• Joggobot ! Graether, E., Mueller, F. 2012. Joggobot: A

Flying Companion as Flying Companion. CHI 2012. Interactivity.

!!!!!!!

• and many more …

Experience Prototyping at the ICT&S Center

Factory Context

Automotive Context

Experience Research

Example: Factory

• Factory Mid/Fi Simulation !

! Performance ! Emotions ! Perception of alerting modes

Example: Factory

• Factory Mid/Fi Simulation !

! Performance ! Emotions ! Perception of alerting modes

Example: Factory

• Levels of Fidelity • Multimodal feedback experiences

Example: Mobile Navigation

• CIF running on a Laptop • Human Wizard uses ConWIZ

! Control prototype ! Control simulation of

environmental parameters !

• Evaluation of ! navigation commands ! usability of mobile wizard

[1] Thomas Grill, Ondrej Polacek, Manfred Tscheligi. Conwiz: A tool supporting contextual wizard of oz simulation. Proc. of MUM 2012. ACM, 2012.

ConWiz - Mobile Wizard Evaluation

Example: Digital Bookshelf

• Hi/Fi Interaction Prototype !

! Gesture based real world interaction ! Experiencing digital information

Example: Digital Bookshelf

● Experience Prototyping - Contextual Experience Prototyping / 102Human Computer Interaction & Usability Unit

http://www.icts.sbg.ac.at/Steven Greenberg

LOLLio

Liquid

Sensors

● Experience Prototyping - Contextual Experience Prototyping / 102Human Computer Interaction & Usability Unit

http://www.icts.sbg.ac.at/

GhostCatcher Game

RainbowBalance Game

Example: Turning Display

• Mid/Fi Experience Prototype !

! Content rotation apart from a numerical speed representation ! Effects of steering wheel display on visual fatigue ! Effects under real driving conditionsContent rotation apart from a

numerical speed representation ! Effects of steering wheel display on visual fatigue ! Effects under real driving conditions

Example: Turning Display

Example: CarTeam

Intentionally left blanktime for a break …

CIF Tutorial Putting hands on Contextual Experience Prototyping

• The CIF Tutorial shall provide the participants with insights about

! targeting experiences when prototyping

! the role of context !

! usage of tools for contextual experience prototyping by example of the Contextual Interaction Framework

• controlling and measuring the environment

• studying experiences • supporting the researcher

The Contextual Interaction Framework

Motivation

• Conduct user studies in the (simulated) target context ! Analyze the interplay of user interaction and selected

context parameters ! Change selected context parameters and adapt

interactive systems (following the ubiquitous computing approach) to evaluate changes in user behavior !

• Rapid prototyping ! Speed up the development and configuration of interactive systems

and the simulated context in which they are applied. ! Reusing existing software components

OSGi – Open Services Gateway initiative

• Multiplatform (based on Java) • Modularization using OSGi (Open Services Gateway initiative)

! Dynamic Module System: • Enables configuration at runtime via bundles (plugin-like concept): load

and unload, start and stop

! Exchange data between modules via services that provide predefined data types !

! Configuration of the data flow using the wiring concept

What can the Contextual Interaction Framework do for us?

• Connect ! measurement devices (sensors) ! interaction devices (e.g. Wii, Kinekt) ! actuators (e.g. switches, audio)

!• Provide a framework to dynamically

! link the data measured or sensed to functionality (e.g. logging of button presses, calculate activity level of a user)

! Set states of actuators based on manual switches or other sensor data (e.g. switch a fan on if the user opens a window in a virtual reality simulation)

! Compute and calculate states and data based on user activities • Provide us with an integrated environment for conducting contextual UX studies

CIF - Basic structure

Interaction Framework

Wizard FrameworkSim. Control

ModuleReal World

Control Module

- start, stop simulation- set scenes- set parameters of objects

- control the behaviour of real world objects through communication with the interaction platform

integrates & controls

controls

Wizard of Oz Communication Protocol

Visualization Framework

CIF - Basic structure

Actuator X

Interaction Framework

Sensor 1

Sensor 2

Sensor X

Visualization Framework

defines scenario

Visualisation Audio Sim. Ext. Interf. Sim.

WOz protocol

Interaction/State Analyzer

PlugIns

Control Module

Feedback Generator

PlugIns

Screen X ...

Tracking System X input

output - feedbackAudio X

Control Module

represented through output devicesi.e. screens, speaker and other actuators

Logging Platform

Scenario Implementation

observation/evaluation

Object libraryAgent libraryScene library

Wizard FrameworkSim. Control

ModuleReal World

Control Module

logging may enhance usability evaluation and analysis of the particular data

- start, stop simulation- set scenes- set parameters of objects

- control the behaviour of real world objects through communication with the interaction platform

CIF Study Editor - GUI Concept

- + IFW Study Editor: OG Study Setup

Producers / SensorsRFID ReaderDistancesensorMicrophone

Bundle Library

Consumers / ActuatorsConverters

DB AnalyzerDatatype Converter

XYZ...

System bundles

Bundle name Status

All Active

started

Library Inspector Align Diagram Zoom in Zoom out Zoom fit

Distance Sensor

float float

Activity Meter

floatstringfloatint

DB Logger ⚙

Camera

raw image raw image

Head Motion Analyser

stringstringfloatint

DB Logger ⚙

wzTypewzTypewzType

Wizard

wzType

Wizard Data Converter

stringbool

Speaker

Light Sensor

wzType

Wizard Data Converterstringboolfloat

CIF Study Editor

The Contextual Interaction Framework HandsOn

Prototyping a game-experience

• Starting point: A pong game

What experience do we want to design for?

Which context is relevant for us when designing an experience prototype?

• Starting point: A pong game !

• Context: ! A pong game ! Playing pong with another person ! alternative interaction modalities

and alternative devices !

• Experience: ! Haptic experiences (sliding vs.

touching vs. pressure vs. …) ! Social experiences ! Body-based experiences ! …

• The prototyping experience … !

! Using sensors and actuators • Arduinos (Arduino Library) • Phidgets (Slider, Poti -> testing multiple modes) • Android Connectivity Layer based on ConWIZ protocol • Wii Controller (Controller for Pong) • Connecting Actuators • e.g. Light (Led or 220V)

Arduino CIF LibraryCIF Phidget BundleAndroidKinekt, Wii, …

• Design Goals & Guidelines

! Focus on experiences: ! Social experiences ! Fun ! Immersion !

• Prototyping the experience of a contextual pong game

CIF Study Editor

• Discussion: !

! What is the Experience Prototyping here? ! What is different? ! Did we experience a different prototyping experience? ! Did we reflect such in the prototype?

The Contextual Wizard of Oz

• Connecting Context and Wizard of Oz • Rapid Prototyping

! Simulation ! Observation ! Study support

• Configurable • Mobile

Mobile Wizard

Contextual Interaction Framework

WOz Protocol

Context Simulation WebServer

FileServerDB Server

Ext. Context Simulation

(3D App., etc.)

Mobile Wizard

ConWIZ Server

Study Configuration

WOz Protocol

Network Communication

Wizard UI

Scenario Configuration / Study Editor

CIF CoreUtilities

ConWIZ Datatypes supported

• Supports ! basic datatypes ! complex datatypes

• Extensible • No client-side configuration needed

● Experience Prototyping - Contextual Experience Prototyping / 102● - Wizard of Oz - ConWiz Protocol - Applying the ConWiz / 32

ConWiz Protocol

ConWiz Server ConWiz Client

Authentification

Connect, Disconnect, Ping, Status, ...

Request data

UPDATE

Update data

● Experience Prototyping - Contextual Experience Prototyping / 102● - Wizard of Oz - ConWiz Protocol - Applying the ConWiz / 32

ConWiz Protocol - Mobile Wizard

Authentification

Monitor data

Configure Scenarios,

Control/Manipulate

UPDATE

● - Wizard of Oz - ConWiz Protocol - Applying the ConWiz / 32

ConWiz Protocol: Authentification Authentication

ConWiz ServerConWiz Client

CONTROL(CONNECT)

CONTROL(PING)

CONTROL(DISCONNECT)

• Visualization Framework connects to Server

! Connect - ACK • Keep alive signal

! Ping - ACK • Disconnect

! Disconnect - ACK

ConWiz Protocol: Authentification

ConWiz Protocol: Transitive Commands

ConWiz Scenario: Authentication, Configuration, Control

ConWiz ServerConWiz Client

CONTR(CONNECT)

CONTROL(PING)

CONTROL(DISCONNECT)

register()

3D Visualization

CONTR(CONNECT)

SET(SCENARIOS)ACKSET(SCENARIOS)

UPDATE(WzObject)

ACKUPDATE(WzObject)

register()

CONTROL(DISCONNECT)

A Wizard of Oz Scenario

• A configured scenario will be loaded ! Based on the configuration the wizard server is configured

!• The CIF has the task to log the incoming commands for evaluation purposes

• Further a CIF bundle provides a visualization to experience the particular Wizard of Oz commands

Prototyping in the real world context

• Starting point !

What experience do we want to design for?

Which context is relevant for us when designing an experience prototype?

• Starting point ! Interaction is usually done in one location. ! Performing dislocated interaction implies a number of experiences

based on the type, medium, feedback involved ! Experiencing colloborative interaction !

! Experiences done while interacting dislocated, ad-hoc, in a real-world context come up with unpredictable implications !

! The context of interaction is defined by • The availability of a controller • Intuitiveness and feedback • the perception of the human

with respect to his experiences

• The prototyping experience … !

! Using mobile devices • Phones, Tablets • Ambient displays !

! Sensors and actuators • Accellerometer • Light • Vibra • Location services • Display • …

Prototyping the ambient …

• Android Motion Controller • CIF

! Ambient Color Visualisation & Motion ! Communication

• Multiple devices ! cooperate & conquer

• Visual experience • Emotion - fun, mood, vibes, …

Prototyping the ambient …

• Discussion: !

! What is the Experience Prototyping here? ! What is different? ! The context? ! Did we experience a different prototyping experience? ! Did we reflect such in the prototype?

Lessons learned

• Focusing on experiences when prototyping is the key issue to a good UX !

• Thinking about the experiences I want to create with a prototype effects the design process !

• Tools like the Contextual Interaction Framework allow to quickly and dynamically create real-world prototypes that regard !

! (user) experiences ! in a specific context ! using particular contextual information !

• It is not about designing for the user but creating experiences for the audience …

Feedback & Discussion

● Experience Prototyping - Contextual Experience Prototyping / 102● / 23

Contextual Interaction Framework

• Java based multi-platform enabled framework

• OSGi Equinox !

• Available for download as !

! Developer Library ! Standalone version

• Starts with CIF Study editor ! Mobile Android App

!• Feel free to contact me for a pre-version

! it shall be available at the beginning of 2014 as an open source framework for allowing to conduct

• http://cif.hciunit.org !

• Many thank’s to !

! Martin Wuchse ! Michael Hummer ! Ondrej Polacek !

! for contributing to the Contextual Interaction Framework

References

• Buchenau, M., and Suri, J. F. Experience prototyping. In Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques (2000), ACM, pp. 424–433.

• Arnowitz, J., Arent, M., and Berger, N. Effective Prototyping for Software Makers. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, 2006.

• Buxton, B. Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design, first ed. Morgan Kaufmann, March 2007.

• Hassenzahl, M., Lai-Chong Law, E., and Hvannberg, E. User experience - towards a unified view. In Proceedings of the The Second COST294-MAUSE International Open Workshop: User Experience- Towards a Unified View (2006), E. Law, E. Hvannberg, and M. Hassenzahl, Eds., pp. 1–3.

• Henry Dreyfuss. Designing for People. New York: Allworth Press, 1972

* Contact

Human Computer Interaction & Usability Unit hci-unit@icts.sbg.ac.at

HCI & Usability Unit ICT&S Center, University of Salzburg Sigmund-Haffner Gasse 18 !5020 Salzburg, Austria hci-unit@icts.sbg.ac.at !!!Dr. Thomas Grill thomas.grill@sbg.ac.at

Ami2013 Tutorial Contextual Experience Prototyping

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