American Studies I CP

Chapter 11Section 4

Grant takes control1864 Confederate had a plan Hold on and keep the Union out of RichmondThere was going to be an election in NovemberIf we can subsist… we may have peace

Battle of the WildernessGrant on his way to RichmondUnion 115,000 troopsConfederates 64,000

Grant knew that Lee would have to fight!

Three major battlesMay 5 2 days Battle of the Wilderness (about the same spot as Chancellorsville

the year before) Heavy woodsFire and smoke and some friendly fireConfederate General Longstreet is killed, 3 miles

from where Jackson was shot

May 8thSpotsylvaniaSeries of clashes for two weeksHeaviest fighting took place on May 12High union loss of life.. Grant told Lincoln that I propose to fight out on this line if it takes all summer.

Battle of Cold Harbor8 miles from Richmond7,000 Union troops fall

The Siege of PetersburgUnable to defeat Lee he attacks Petersburg a railway centerCuts off food to RichmondAttack failed

In less than two monthsGrant’s army had suffered 65,000 casualties

June 18 1864Siege of PetersburgLee sets up his defensesLee hadn’t lost as many men, but he can’t replace them. He will wait for election

*** note the North had allowed all black units ***

Shenandoah ValleyGrant knew it was important source of food

Told General Phil Sheridan “Do all the damage to railroads and crops you can… if the war is to last another year, we want the Shenandoah Valley to be a barren waste land”

Sherman in GeorgiaThe Capture of Atlanta Confederate commander Joseph JohnstonHe would try to hold out for the presidential electionJuly 1864 the union in just 4 miles awayJohnston is replaced by HoodHood attacks and gives the 98,000 Union troops what they wanted

Confederates retreat62,00 remaining forces are reduced to 45,000 and they retreat back to the strong defenses of Atlanta

Siege of AtlantaIn early September the Confederates leave and burn city

Sherman Marches to the SeaWar is cruelThe crueler it is, the sooner it will be over!November 1864 and 62,000 Union troopsBurned Atlanta and march to the sea to cut a 300 mile long path of destruction across Georgia. Savannah is captured without a fight Dec 21, 1864

Election of 1864Lincoln and Andrew Johnston WIN!

****different views on post war****

Thirteenth AmendmentDecember 18, 1865

Sherman goes NorthSouth Carolina

Cut off suppliesFirst state to leave unionHad little fightingBreak the south

Houses were burned…. Columbia was burned….

Richmond April 186535,000 starving troopsLee tried to flee and met up with JohnstonGrant cuts them off each time

Appomottox Court HouseApril 9, 1865Lee meets with GrantLee in full dress uniform and Grant in a private’s uniform

Terms…Southern soldiers could take their horses and mules and go homeWould not be punished as traitors as long as they obeyed the laws of their state and federal governmentGrant offered to feed the Confederate army

After the two men signSoldiers began to fire artillery salutesGrant orders the celebration stoppedThe rebels are our countrymen again

Lincoln AssassinatedApril 14, 1865Ford’s Theater John Wilkes Booth

Section 4 Assessment#1 What did the Battle of the Wilderness reveal about Grant’s strategy?

#2What happened at the Battle of Spotsylvania and the Battle of Cold Harbor

#3What had the South hoped for in the election of 1864?Why did the election turn out differently?

McClellan vs. Lincoln

#4What was the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish

#5Who was John Wilkes Booth?