Post on 06-Oct-2020
StrategyLabs.LuminaFoundation.org
October 26, 2017
Aligning Investments to Virginia’s
Postsecondary Goals & Priorities
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Goals & Policy Strategies • What are the state’s long-term goals?
– TJ21• 100,000 More Degrees
– SCHEV Strategic Plan: Best Educated State by 2030• 70 percent of adults with high quality credential or degree,
1.5 million awards
1
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Goals & Policy Strategies • What are the priorities?
– Access/affordability
– Student success and completion
– Traditionally underserved populations
– Research/innovation
– Workforce needs/economic development
– Efficiency
2
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Source: Lumina Foundation
2015 Educational Attainment of Virginia Counties and Independent Cities: Adults 25-64
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
VA: 51.1%US: 45.8%
Source: Lumina Foundation
3
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
VA: 51.1%US: 45.8%
Source: Lumina Foundation
Sussex Falls Church City
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67.9%
31.6%
35.5%
29.3%
50.7%
61.2%
29.3%
23.9%
21.3%
45.7%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0%
Asian and Pacific Islander
African-American
American Indian
Hispanic
White
2015 Educational Attainment by RaceAdults 25-64
National VirginiaSource: Lumina Foundation
Key Points:
• Virginia’s attainment rates are greater than the national average in every category.
• Attainment gaps between races are still high.
4
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Key Points:
• Degree and certificate production has outpaced enrollment growth in all sectors.
• Growth in certificates was the main factor increasing the community colleges’ ratio.
Source: IPEDS
0.25
0.28
0.18
0.34 0.28
0.34
-
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Virginia Total Degrees and Certificates, per Total Fall FTE Enrollment
Public 4-year Public 2-Year Private 4-Year
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Key Points:
• Bachelor's degrees dominate total production, followed by associates and master’s degrees.
• Certificates below the baccalaureate level have been playing an increasingly important role.
Source: IPEDS
10,710
25,123
31,242
58,642
10,748
24,665
2,895 5,258 5,241
18,686
426
2,672
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
Virginia Higher Education Degrees and CertificatesAll Sectors Combined
Associates Bachelor's Master's
Doctoral/First Professional Certs Below Bacc. Level Certs Above Bacc. Level
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TRENDS IN STATE INVESTMENTS
ALIGNING FINANCE TO GOALS AND PRIORITIES:
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What drives overall state funding appropriation levels for higher education?
• Revenue availability– Taxes/economy
• Competing priorities – E.g., K-12; health care
• Demand/enrollment– Tuition revenue
• Strategic initiatives– Investment in specific projects/strategies
8
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*Includes Colleges, Universities, and Affiliated Agencies, SCHEV, Higher Ed Centers, EVMS, & Jeff Labs
Key Points:
• Higher education’s share of the general fund has decreased as it has been crowded out by other budget categories (public safety, Medicaid, K-12 education).
9
12.5% 13.2%9.6%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%Share of Virginia General Fund
Higher Education* Corrections Medicaid K-12 Direct Aid Health and Human Resources OtherSource: Various
budget documents
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Source: SCHEV
Key Points:
• State funding for higher education has varied over time, largely impacted by recessions and economic recoveries.
• Public 4-year institution levels increased 12% since 1996.
• Community college levels increased 25% since 1996.
$926,509,254
$1,036,993,202
$297,192,187 $371,334,016
$0
$200,000,000
$400,000,000
$600,000,000
$800,000,000
$1,000,000,000
$1,200,000,000
$1,400,000,000
$1,600,000,000
Virginia General Fund for Education & GeneralConstant 2016 Dollars
Public 4-Year General Fund for E&G Public 2-Year General Fund for E&G
10
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Source: FY 2016 SHEF Report
$8,294
$6,954 $6,517
$5,139
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Educational Appropriations per FTE StudentConstant 2016 Dollars
US Virginia
Key Points:
• Virginia educational appropriations per FTE student have consistently trailed the national average.
• VA was 79% of US average in 1996; 74% in 2016.
• The overall funding trend mirrors the national trend.
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Source: SCHEV
Key Points:
• Increases in general fund appropriations for student aid have partially offset increases in tuition.
• Public 4-year institution levels increased 104% since 1996.
• Community college levels increased 200% since 1996.
$82,036,256
$167,278,220
$14,706,466
$44,189,845
$0
$20,000,000
$40,000,000
$60,000,000
$80,000,000
$100,000,000
$120,000,000
$140,000,000
$160,000,000
$180,000,000
Virginia General Fund for Student AidConstant 2016 Dollars
Public 4-year General Fund for Student Aid Public 2-year General Fund for Student Aid
12
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Source: FY 2016 SHEF Report
$6,5
17
$6,9
49
$7,0
88
$7,4
63
$8,2
02
$8,6
11
$8,2
69
$6,5
54
$5,9
44
$6,2
59
$6,4
21
$6,9
84
$6,6
94
$6,4
32
$5,6
64
$5,7
22
$4,5
93
$4,7
95
$4,9
40
$5,0
05
$5,1
39
$5,1
83
$5,0
64
$4,9
14
$4,7
33
$4,1
94
$4,1
01
$3,9
83
$4,8
72
$5,1
47
$5,6
93
$5,8
08
$5,8
27
$6,0
81
$6,3
92
$6,5
42
$7,0
41
$8,3
53
$7,9
47
$7,7
08
$8,1
67
$9,0
22
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
$-
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
Public FTE Enrollment and Educational Appropriations per FTEConstant 2016 Dollars
Educational Appropriations per FTE Net Tuition per FTE Net Public FTE Enrollment
Key Points:
• Total educational revenue per FTE student has increased in recent years.
• Tuition revenue has filled the hole left by decreasing educational appropriations.
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Key Points:
• Total revenue per FTE student differs greatly among Virginia public institutions.
• The sources of revenue also differ greatly among institutions.
Source: IPEDS
*Institutions in each category can be found on slides 43-45
$6,755
$6,844
$5,969
$8,248
$3,309
$5,370
$6,915
$2,679
$2,135
$1,647
$2,585
$4,037
$13,608
$10,282
$7,443
$10,291
$3,067
$8,299
$1,323
$311
$214
$0
$132
$582
$27,303
$8,730
$8,178
$13,506
$547
$12,236
$- $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000
Doctoral Univ: Highest Research
Doctoral Univ: Higher Research
Master's Small/Med/Large
Bacc. Colleges: Arts & Sciences
Community Colleges
All Institutions
Virginia Public Institutions by Carnegie ClassificationTotal Revenues per FTE, 2014-15
State Federal Net Tuition and Fees Other Auxiliaries, Hospitals, other
37% of Public FTE
1% of Public FTE
17% of Public FTE
9% of Public FTE
35% of Public FTE
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Virginia Public Institutions Revenues by Category2014-15
Carnegie Classification State Federal Tuition and
Fees Private LocalAuxiliaries, Hospitals,
Other
Doctoral Univ:Highest Research
Activity12% 12% 24% 2% 0% 49%
Doctoral Univ:Higher Research
Activity24% 9% 36% 1% 0% 30%
Master's Colleges and Universities
25% 9% 31% 1% 0% 34%
Baccalaureate Colleges:
Arts & Sciences Focus
24% 5% 31% 0% 0% 40%
Community Colleges
34% 27% 32% 1% 1% 6%Source: IPEDS
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TRENDS IN AFFORDABILITY
ALIGNING FINANCE TO GOALS AND PRIORITIES:
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Source: SCHEV
Key Points:
• University and community college E&G tuition and fees increased 91% and 100%, respectively.
• Virginia has the highest public university and community college tuition and fees in the SREB region.
17
$4,279
$8,177
$2,181
$4,373
$-
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
Virginia In-State Undergraduate Tuition and All Mandatory E&G FeesConstant 2016 Dollars
Public 4-year Public 2-year
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Source: SCHEV
Key Points:
• University mandatory non-E&G fees have increased 104% since 1996, after adjusting for inflation.
• Community colleges saw a 37% ($8) decrease over this same time period.
18
$1,941
$3,960
$22 $14 $-
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
$3,500
$4,000
$4,500
Virginia In-State Undergraduate Tuition and All Mandatory Non-E&G FeesConstant 2016 Dollars
Public 4-Year Public 2-Year
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Source: SCHEV
Key Points:
• Average room and board for public universities increased 48 percent from 1997, after adjusting for inflation.
19
$6,730
$9,989
$-
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
Virginia Average Public University Room and Board ChargesConstant 2016 Dollars
Public 4-year
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Cost To Attend College: Estimated Cost of Attendance in VirginiaPublic Four Year, In-state Students, On Campus 2016-17
– Tuition and Educational Fees (E&G) $8,177– Non-educational fees (non E&G) $3,960– Room and Board $9,989– Books and Supplies $1,354– Other expenses (transportation, health care, study
abroad) $3,424• Cost of Attendance (student budget) $26,904Source: Tuition, fees, room and board from SCHEV Tuition and Fees Report 2016-17. Other expenses from national averages provided by US Dept of Education, IPEDS 2016-17 costs of attendance
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Source: SCHEV, US Census Bureau
10%
18%
4%
7%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Virginia In-State Undergraduate Tuition and All Mandatory Fees as a Percentage of Virginia Median Household Income
Public Four-Year Public Two-Year
Key Points:
• Mandatory tuition and fees for in-state Virginia undergraduates is consuming an increasingly greater portion of a family's income in both the two- and four-year sectors.
21
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Virginia Financial Aid
• Federal aid is the majority of student aid in VA*o 63.3% Federalo 22.3% Institutional & Endowmento 9.0% Private and Localo 5.3% State
• Over 90% of state financial aid for the public sector is need-based
*Includes public universities, community colleges, and private universities
22
Source: SCHEV
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Source: SCHEV
Key Points:
• The average state award at public four-year institutions has increased 44% since 1996.
• Average awards have remained relatively flat for students attending community colleges.
23
$2,959
$4,279
$1,071 $1,001
$-
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
$3,500
$4,000
$4,500
Average Virginia State Financial Aid Award per Recipient, 2016 Dollars
Public Four-Year Public Two-Year
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Source: NASSGAP
Key Points:
• Virginia ranked 9th in the nation in need-based aid per undergraduate student in 2014-15.
24
$771
$-
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$1,600
Estimated Undergraduate Need-based Grant Dollars per Undergraduate FTE Student, 2014-15
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Source: SCHEV
49%
35%
41%
20%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1995-96 1997-98 1999-00 2001-02 2003-04 2005-06 2007-08 2009-10 2011-12 2013-14 2015-16
Percent of Average Undergraduate Tuition and Fees Covered by Average Undergraduate Total State Financial Aid Award
Public Four-Year Public Two-Year
Key Points:
• State aid has not kept up with increases in tuition.
• The average state award now covers much less of total tuition and fees in both sectors.
25
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Source: SCHEV
Key Points:
• Virginia student debt continues to increase.
• Total borrowing for undergraduate students at public and private Virginia institutions was over $1 billion in 2015-16.
26
$19,
419
$19,
074
$20,
206
$22,
111
$23,
607
$25,
459
$26,
375
$26,
759
$27,
089
$26,
718
$21,
082
$21,
325
$22,
841
$24,
758
$25,
526
$26,
566
$27,
309
$27,
653
$28,
312
$28,
501
$-
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2013-14 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Known Debt at Graduation of Student BorrowersVirginia Public Four-year Universities, Bachelor's Degree Recipients
Constant 2016 Dollars
Median Mean
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UNDERSTANDING COSTS
ALIGNING FINANCE TO GOALS AND PRIORITIES:
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How much does postsecondary education cost?• Reasonable and answerable question• Answer will depend on purpose
– Cost to the student?– Cost to the institution?– Cost to the state?– Total cost (student and institution)?– Incremental cost? (Cost to add or subtract X)– Cost of enrollment or cost of a credential?
28
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$5,0
60
$6,1
68
$5,9
82
$4,6
80
$6,0
55
$7,1
55
$5,7
45
$6,8
86
$4,9
06
$7,7
54
$6,8
08
$6,5
96
$8,6
86
$7,1
16
$5,1
39
$5,9
45
$5,3
61
$8,2
91
$6,9
82
$13,
243
$6,0
10
$4,1
12
$3,2
85
$5,5
77
$7,0
09
$5,7
58
$4,8
21
$6,4
05
$5,2
76
$7,3
46
$4,8
31
$6,0
30
$6,5
21
$4,5
68
$6,3
21
$9,0
22
$8,2
82
$9,7
39 $7
,935
$10,
263
$6,2
01
$17,
467
$-
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
Net Tuition and Appropriations Revenue per FTE StudentFY 2016
Appropriations Tuition
$14,161
Key Points:
• Most comparison states have similar average tuition + appropriations per FTE.
• Virginia’s reliance on tuition is greater than most of the comparison states.
29
Source: FY 2016 SHEF Report
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Expenditures
• Total Expenditures– Expenses for instruction, research, public service, academic support, student
services, institutional support, operation and maintenance of plant, scholarships and fellowships, auxiliary enterprises, hospital services, independent operations, and other expenses.
• Education and Related Expenditures– Expenses for instruction, student services, and the instructional share of
academic support, operations and maintenance, and institutional support.
• Education and General Expenditures– Expenses for education and related expenses plus organized research and
public service.
30
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Key Points:
• Expenditures per student differ greatly by institution type.
• There are different ways of looking at expenditures. Each way has its own purpose.
Source: IPEDS
31
$52,
582
$28,
788
$24,
283
$36,
891
$9,9
42
$33,
493
$21,
760
$16,
021
$24,
683
$9,7
29
$19,
132
$16,
162
$13,
963
$21,
112
$8,4
85
$-
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
Doctoral Universities:Highest Research Activity
Doctoral Universities:Higher Research Activity
Master'sSmall/Med/Large
Baccalaureate Colleges:Arts & Sciences Focus
Community Colleges
Virginia Public Institutions by Carnegie Classification2014-15 Expenditures per FTE Student
Total Exp. Per FTE E&G Exp. Per FTE E&R Exp. Per FTE
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Source: IPEDS
Key Points:
• Variation in spending per FTE and degree and certificate production per FTE student exists among the universities.
UVA-Main Campus
College of William and Mary
Norfolk State
Virginia Commonwealth
Virginia State
Christopher Newport
Longwood
University of Mary Washington
Virginia Tech
James Madison
George Mason
Old Dominion
Radford
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.34
$10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 $18,000 $20,000 $22,000 $24,000 $26,000 $28,000 $30,000
Tota
l Deg
rees
and
Cer
tific
ates
per
FTE
Stu
dent
Education and Related Expenditures per FTE Student
Degree and Certificate Output vs. Education and Related ExpendituresVirginia Public Universities
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Source: IPEDS
Key Points:
• Variation in spending per FTE and degree and certificate production per FTE student exists among the community colleges.
Dabney S Lancaster
Eastern Shore
Northern Virginia
Paul D Camp
New River
J Sargeant Reynolds Virginia Western
Tidewater
Thomas Nelson
Southwest Virginia
John Tyler
Rappahannock Danville
Piedmont Virginia
Blue Ridge
Mountain Empire
Lord Fairfax
Virginia Highlands
Patrick Henry
Southside Virginia
Central Virginia
Wytheville
Germanna
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
$6,000 $7,000 $8,000 $9,000 $10,000 $11,000 $12,000 $13,000 $14,000 $15,000 $16,000
Tota
l Deg
rees
and
Cer
tific
ates
per
FTE
Stu
dent
Education and Related Expenditures per FTE Student
Degree and Certificate Output vs. Education and Related ExpendituresVirginia Community Colleges
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Cross-Subsidies
• Many institutions charge different prices for different programs.
• Some (mostly private) institutions have same sticker price, but offer different financial aid.
• Also common are “cross subsidies”:– State appropriations or endowment income subsidize
high-cost students more than low-cost students; or– Tuition and fees from students whose education costs
less pays for education of students whose education costs more.
34
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Student costs beyond tuition and fees
• $10-15,000 per FTE student in addition to tuition and mandatory fees
• Most not paid to the institution• Books, supplies, transportation• Cost of living or opportunity cost
– Time spent on courses is time students cannot spend working
– Example: 30 weeks x 40 hours x $10/hr = $12,000• Non-tuition cost often larger barrier than tuition
and fees
35
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Cost of Enrollment or Degrees?
• Tuition or enrollment-based funding supports:– Access and retention– Instruction/course enrollments
• But not:– Completion, transfer– Advising, support services
• Least expensive institutions often have low completion rates
• Time-to-degree is at least as important as annual cost
36
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Additional total cost considerations
• Students / parents often do not see the subsidies built into in-state tuition rates and believe tuition and fees cover full institutional costs.
• State policymakers sometimes leave out students’ non-tuition costs and underestimate the full cost of education.
37
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LEVERAGING RESOURCES TO DRIVE OUTCOMES
ALIGNING FINANCE TO GOALS AND PRIORITIES:
38
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Mapping State Financial Investments and Resources
Higher education
goals
Support for institutions
(appropriations)
Support for students (financial
aid)
Capital expenditures
Tax credits and deductions
Other key state agencies (K-12,
workforce, corrections, health, etc.)
Non-state resources (tuition, federal support ,
philanthropy)
• What is the scope of resources the state can leverage to advance credential completion and affect policy priorities and goals?
• What is the high-level historical orientation of these funding policies? (e.g., Sources of funds? Policy intent? Restrictions on use?)
39
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Recommendations/Promising Practices• Develop a statewide strategic finance plan for postsecondary education
–Engage broad set of stakeholders –Scope resources that affect postsecondary outcomes–Articulate each agencies role in advancing state toward postsecondary goal and workforce needs
• Conduct a broader assessment of affordability that:–Considers costs to students beyond tuition and fees–Sets a clear commitment to make college more affordable–Communicates a shared responsibility (state, institutions and students)
• Direct resources to be student-centered and outcomes-based in ways that prioritize support to underserved student populations and provide the financial incentives for institutions to adopt meaningful reforms.
• Provide meaningful pathways for students that effectively lower prices by: removing barriers of access, facilitating timely completion, recognizing various forms of learning, supporting credentials with work-place value.
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Carnegie Classifications
• Doctoral Universities: Highest Research Activity– George Mason University– University of Virginia-Main Campus– Virginia Commonwealth University– Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• Doctoral Universities: Higher Research Activity– College of William and Mary– Old Dominion University
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Carnegie Classifications
• Master's Colleges & Universities: Larger Programs– James Madison University– Radford University– University of Mary Washington
• Master's Colleges & Universities: Medium Programs– Longwood University– Norfolk State University– Virginia State University
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Carnegie Classifications
• Master's Colleges & Universities: Small Programs– Christopher Newport University
• Baccalaureate Colleges: Arts & Sciences Focus– The University of Virginia's College at Wise– Virginia Military Institute
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Glossary-Expenditures• Total Expenditures
– Expenses for instruction, research, public service, academic support, student services, institutional support, operation and maintenance of plant, scholarships and fellowships, auxiliary enterprises, hospital services, independent operations, and other expenses.
• Education and Related Expenditures– Expenses for instruction, student services, and the instructional share of
academic support, operations and maintenance, and institutional support.
• Education and General Expenditures– Expenses for education and related expenses plus organized research and
public service.
45
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Glossary-Expenses• Instruction
– Sum of all operating expenses associated with the colleges, schools, departments, and other instructional divisions of the institution and for departmental research and public service that are not separately budgeted.
• Research– sum of all operating expenses associated with activities specifically organized to produce research
outcomes and commissioned by an agency either external to the institution or separately budgeted by an organizational unit within the institution.
• Public Service– sum of all operating expenses associated with activities established primarily to provide noninstructional
services beneficial to individuals and groups external to the institution.
• Academic Support– sum of all operating expenses associated with activities and services that support the institution's
primary missions of instruction, research, and public service.
46
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Glossary-Expenses• Student Services
– sum of all operating expenses associated with admissions, registrar activities, and activities whose primary purpose is to contribute to students' emotional and physical well-being and to their intellectual, cultural, and social development outside the context of the formal instructional program.
• Institutional Support– sum of all operating expenses associated with the day-to-day operational support of the institution.
Includes expenses for general administrative services, central executive-level activities concerned with management and long range planning, legal and fiscal operations, space management, employee personnel and records, logistical services such as purchasing and printing, and public relations and development.
• Scholarships and Fellowships– sum of all operating expenses associated with scholarships and fellowships treated as
expenses because the institution incurs an incremental expense in the provision of a good or service.
• Auxiliary Enterprises– sum of all operating expenses associated with essentially self-supporting operations of the institution
that exist to furnish a service to students, faculty, or staff, and that charge a fee that is directly related to, although not necessarily equal to, the cost of the service.
47
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Glossary-Expenses
• Hospital Services– sum of all operating expenses associated with a hospital operated by the postsecondary institution (but
not as a component unit) and reported as a part of the institution.
• Independent Operations– Expenses associated with operations that are independent of or unrelated to the primary missions of
the institution (i.e., instruction, research, public service) although they may contribute indirectly to the enhancement of these programs. This category is generally limited to expenses of a major federally funded research and development center. Also included are information technology expenses, actual or allocated costs for operation and maintenance of plant, and depreciation related to the independent operations.
• Other Expenses and Deductions– sum of all operating expenses associated with functions other than those listed previously,
i.e., instruction, research, public service, academic support, student services, institutional support, operations and maintenance of plant, depreciation, scholarships and fellowships, auxiliary enterprises, hospitals, and independent operations.
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Glossary-SHEF
• Educational Appropriations– state and local support available for public higher education operating expenses. They are
defined to exclude spending for research, agriculture-related programs, and medical education, as well as support for independent institutions or students attending them.
• Net Tuition– gross amount of tuition and fees, less state and institutional financial aid, tuition waivers or
discounts, and medical student tuition and fees.
• Total Educational Revenue– sum of educational appropriations and net tuition revenue excluding any tuition revenue used
for capital and debt service.
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Virginia Attainment Rates by County and Independent City
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Sussex 12.1% Scott 22.6% Wythe 26.7% Pulaski 30.4%Greensville 14.0% Grayson 22.7% Tazewell 26.7% Campbell 30.5%Covington City 17.0% Russell 23.2% Carroll 26.8% Portsmouth City 30.6%Buckingham 17.1% Nottoway 23.3% Mecklenburg 26.9% Orange 30.6%Buchanan 18.7% Highland 23.3% Halifax 26.9% Franklin 30.7%Page 18.9% Bland 23.5% Alleghany 27.1% Prince Edward 31.6%Essex 19.6% Southhampton 23.6% Louisa 27.3% Madison 31.6%Charles City County 19.6% Dinwiddie 24.0% King William 27.4% Surry 31.7%Lunenburg 19.9% Charlotte 24.4% Caroline 27.5% Prince George 31.8%Lee 20.0% Patrick 25.0% Emporia City 28.4% Rockingham 32.0%Hopewell City 20.1% Buena Vista City 25.0% Appomattox 28.4% Danville City 32.1%Galax City 20.2% Craig 25.2% Bath 28.8% Greene 32.3%Richmond 20.6% Waynesboro City 25.3% Northhampton 29.1% Colonial Heights City 32.4%Dickenson 20.7% Accomack 25.4% Martinsville City 29.4% Lancaster 32.5%Petersburg City 21.5% Westmoreland 25.6% Amherst 29.4% Middlesex 32.9%Cumberland 21.9% Smyth 26.0% Floyd 29.9% Roanoke City 33.1%Amelia 22.4% Henry 26.2% Culpepper 30.0% Bristol City 33.3%King and Queen 22.5% Giles 26.2% Northumberland 30.1% Rockbridge 33.5%Brunswick 22.5% Shenandoah 26.4% Augusta 30.1% Nelson 34.3%Wise 22.6% Pittsylvania 26.6% Warren 30.3% Hampton City 34.8%
Source: Lumina Foundation
StrategyLabs.LuminaFoundation.org
Virginia Attainment Rates by County and Independent City
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Franklin City 34.8% Staunton City 41.1% Radford City 52.8%Newport News City 35.1% Rappahannock 41.5% Charlottesville City 55.9%Norfolk City 35.2% Salem City 41.8% York 56.0%New Kent 35.3% Chesapeake City 41.8% Montgomery 56.9%Gloucester 35.3% Fauquier 42.1% Williamsburg City 57.0%Manassas Park City 36.1% Fredericksburg City 42.4% Lexington City 59.9%Washington 36.3% Clarke 42.8% Albemarle 61.1%Matthews 36.7% Lynchburg City 43.0% Fairfax City 63.5%Norton City 37.0% Richmond City 43.2% Loudon 66.6%Manassas City 37.0% Harrisonburg City 43.6% Fairfax 66.7%Winchester City 37.4% Virginia Beach City 45.6% Alexandria City 67.0%Powhatan 37.4% Goochland 45.8% Arlington 78.7%Isle of Wight 37.6% Stafford 46.4% Falls Church City 84.5%Sffolk City 37.9% Chesterfield 47.0%Spotsylvania 38.1% Prince William 47.5%Bedford 38.3% Hanover 48.4%Fluvanna 38.7% Poquoson City 49.3%Botetourt 38.8% Roanoke 49.4%Frederick 40.2% Henrico 50.2%King George 41.0% James City County 52.1%
Source: Lumina Foundation