Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental Sciences

Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA

robock@envsci.rutgers.edu

http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~robock

Climate Dynamics11:670:461

Lecture 9, 10/3/13

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

SciencesFig. 5.3

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

SciencesFig. 5.4

Global, annual average heat balance (W/m2)

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy

Planetary albedo (a) is the average reflectivity of the Earth = 102/341 = 0.30

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy

Outer Space:

Total = 341 W m‑2 – (239 + 102) W m‑2 = 0 W m‑2

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy

Outer Space:

Total = 341.3 W m‑2 – (238.5 + 101.9) W m‑2 = -0.9 W m‑2

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy

Atmosphere:

Total = (78 + 17 + 80 + 374) W m‑2 - (187 + 30 + 333) W m‑2 = -1 W m‑2

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/budgets-mass-moisture-energy

Surface:

Total = (161 + 333) W m‑2 - (17 + 80 + 396) W m‑2 = 1 W m‑2

Greenhouse effect

T = 255 K

T = 288 K

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

SciencesFig. 5.5

Annual average incident solar

radiation (W/m2)

Annual average absorbed solar

radiationat top of atmosphere

(W/m2)

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

SciencesFig. 5.6 Planetary albedo

(%)

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

SciencesFig. 5.7

Dependence of water albedo on solar zenith angle, θZ

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Annual mean outgoing longwave radiation (W/m2)

Fig. 5.8

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Net radiation at top of atmosphere (W/m2)

Fig. 5.9

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Net radiation at top of atmosphere (W/m2)

Fig. 5.9

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Solar radiation absorbed at surface, SABS (W/m2)

Fig. 5.10

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Outgoing longwave radiation at surface, esT4 (W/m2)

Fig. 5.11a

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Downward back radiation at surface, FBACK (W/m2)

Fig. 5.11b

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Sensible heat flux at surface, HS (W/m2)

Fig. 5.12a

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Latent heat flux at surface, HL (W/m2)

Fig. 5.12b

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

Horizontal and vertical heat fluxes at surface, FH + FV (W/m2)

Fig. 5.13

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

SciencesFig. 7.1

A thermally direct circulation

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

SciencesFig. 7.2

Annual mean, zonal mean meridional (m/s) and vertical velocities (interval 5 x 10-3 Pa/s)

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

SciencesFig. 7.3

Zonal mean stream function (x 1010 kg/s), positive is clockwise.

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7p.html

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7p.html

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

http://www.geogonline.org.uk/g3a_ki2.1.htm

Alan RobockDepartment of Environmental

Sciences

http://www.personal.psu.edu/czn115/blogs/meteo241/2010/10/e-portfolio-2.html