Post on 06-Jul-2020
Bilingual Dictionaryfor ESL Beginners
Diccionario bilingüe básico para estudiantesde inglés como segundo idioma
English/Spanish
Inglés/Español
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The work on this production was supported by a large number ofESL teachers who assisted in the choice of lexicon.
© 2001 New South Wales Department of Education and TrainingStudent Services and Equity Programs, Multicultural Programs Unit,Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010
Phone 9244 5764 or 9244 5324
RESTRICTED WAIVER OF COPYRIGHT
The printed material in this publication is subject to a restricted waiverof copyright to allow the purchaser to make photocopies of thematerial contained in the publication for use within schools orinstitutes subject to the conditions below.
1. All copies of the printed material shall be made withoutalteration or abridgement and must retain acknowledgement ofthe copyright.
2. The school or college shall not sell, hire or otherwise deriverevenue from copies of the material, nor distribute copies of thematerial for any other purpose.
3. The restricted waiver of copyright is not transferable and may bewithdrawn in the case of the breach of any of these conditions.
ISBN No: 0 7310 77539
Contents
Introduction i
How to use the dictionary ii
Dictionary 1
Appendices
1. Numerals and ordinals 80
2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81
3. Common irregular verbs 82
4. Times 84
5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85
6. Weights and measures 85
Bibliography 85
Introduction
The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developedfor use by students in the early stages of learning English as asecond language.
The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the mostcommon words that students use in everyday communicationand in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for furtherlanguage acquisition.
The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes intoconsideration the Australian culture and way of life includingfrequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It isexpected that students will use this publication as a referencepoint for the first 12 to 18 months of English languageacquisition.
A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESLBeginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. Itcontains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be foundwith their translations in this volume.
The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use atschool and at home to support English language acquisition.
The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice oflexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation hashelped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resourcesuited to the needs of beginner ESL students.
i
How to use this dictionary
Notes for the teacher
The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold,definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning.You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.
Page Header
The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the pagecontents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.
Example from page 1:
a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.
The Headword
The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and isalphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) andare numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing theheadword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.
Example from page 4:
Headword Translationpart of backspeechn Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with
the meaning body partadv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb
with the meaning opposite frontphrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full
Example from page 31:
Headword Translationpart of helpspeechn Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with
the meaning aidphrase 2. help yourself the phrase help yourself is translated in full with
(serve yourself) the meaning serve yourself colloq 3. I can't help it (I have the colloquial phrase I can't help it is phr no control over it) translated in full with the meaning I have no
control over it
Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage themeaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.
Example from page 2:
Headword Translationn angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun
with the meaning mathematical usage
Abbreviations
Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and arenot translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.
ii
Example from page 4:
Headword Translationabbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry
barbecue
Common present and past tense verb forms
Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of thedictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. Theseare not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.
Examples from page 2:
Headword Translationprt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry
beprt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry
be
Appendices
Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:
1. numerals and ordinals2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms4. times in analog and 24 hour format5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time6. weights and measures.
These appendices have not been translated.
Parts of speech
Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in thedictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviationsused is shown below.
Abbreviations used in this dictionary
Abbreviation Meaning
abbrev abbreviationadj adjective
adv adverb
colloq colloquialism
colloq phr colloquial phrase
conj conjunction
det determiner
int interjection
n noun
phr v phrasal verb
prep preposition
pron pronoun
prt v present tense verb form
pt v past tense verb form
v verb
iii
a – afterwards
Adet a/an un/unan ability habilidad
ablev 1. be able to poderadj 2. talented capazn Aboriginal person aborigen
aboutadv 1. approximately aproximadamenteprep 2. concerning acerca de
aboveprep 1. over arribaphrase 2. the example above más arribaadj absent ausenteadv absolutely absolutamenten accent acentov accept aceptaradj acceptable aceptablen accident accidenteadj accidental accidentalv accompany acompañarn account cuentav ache dolerv achieve lograrn achievement logroprep across al otro lado dev act actuarn activity actividadn actor actor/av add agregarn addition adiciónn address direcciónn adjective adjetivo
admitv 1. tell the truth about admitirv 2. allow to enter admitirv adopt (take on) adoptarn adult adulton advantage ventajan adventure aventuran adverb adverbion advice consejon aerobics aerobismon aeroplane aeroplanov afford permitirseadj afraid tener miedoprep after despuésn afternoon tardeadv afterwards después
1
again – argue
adv again (one more time) otra vezagainst
prep 1. next to contraprep 2. anti contran age edadadv ago hacev agree estar de acuerdo
aidn 1. help ayudav 2. help ayudarv aim (try) intentarn air airen airport aeropuertoadj all (every) todos/asv allow permitiradv alone solo/aadv aloud en voz altan alphabet alfabetoadv already yaadv also (too) tambiénconj although aunqueadv altogether totalmente, completamenteadv always siempreprt v am *see be soy/estoy n ambulance ambulancian amount cantidadn amphibian anfibiov analyse (study) analizarconj and yn angle (mathematical usage) ánguloadj angry enojado/an animal animaln ankle tobilloadj annual anual
answern 1. reply respuestav 2. reply responderadj any cualquieradv anymore máspron anyone alguienpron anything algoadv apart (separate) aparten apology disculpav appear (come into view) aparecern apple manzanan appointment citaprt v are *see be n area área, superficiev argue discutir
2
argument – autumn
n argument discusiónv arise surgirn arm (part of body) brazon army ejércitoprep around alrededor
arrangev 1. put in order ordenarv 2. make plans organizarv arrest (take into custody) arrestarv arrive llegarn arrow flechan art arten artist artistaadv as (to such a degree) tanton ash cenizaadj ashamed avergonzado/av ask preguntarv assemble reunir, armarn assembly reuniónn assignment (for school) tarea/deberesv assist asistirn assistant asistenteprep at enpt v ate *see eat n athletics atletismophrase athletics carnival campeonato de atletismon atom átomov attach adjuntar
attackn 1. fight ataquev 2. fight atacar
attemptn 1. try prueba, intentov 2. try probarv attend asistirn attendance asistencian attention atenciónv attract atraeradj attractive atractivo/an aunt tíaabbrev Aussie *see Australiann Australia australiano/a adj Australian australiano/a n Australian flag bandera australianan Australiana (literatura y objetos típicos de Australia) n author autor/an autumn otoño
3
average – basketball
averagen 1. arithmetical mean promedioadj 2. ordinary típico/a, tipo, normal, ordinario/av avoid evitaradj awake despierto/aadv away lejosprep away from lejos deadj awful espantosopt v awoke *see awaken axe hacha
Bn baby bebé
backn 1. body part espaldaadv 2. opposite front atrásphrase 3. give it back devolvern backbone columna vertebraln background fondo, antecedentesn backpack mochilan backyard patioadj bad malo/an badminton bádmintonn bag bolsav bake hornearv balance balance, equilibrion balcony balcónadj bald calvo/a, pelado/a
balln 1. toy pelotacolloq phr 2. have a ball (good time) divertirse mucho, pasarlo en granden balloon globon banana bananan band (music group) bandan bangle pulseran bank banco
barn 1. place to drink barv 2. stop from something prohibirn 3. metal rod barran barbecue barbacoa, parrilladaabbrev barbie *see barbecueadj bare descubierto/a, desnudo/an barrier barreran base (bottom) basen basin (wash) lavabo, piletan basket canasta, ceston basketball baloncesto, básquetbol
4
basketball court – bid
n basketball court cancha de básquetbolbat
n 1. sporting equipment baten 2. animal murciélagon bath baño, bañeran bathroom baño, cuarto de bañon battle batallan bay (inlet) bahíaabbrev BBQ *see barbecuev be sern beach playan beach towel toalla de playan beach umbrella sombrilla de playan beak descanso, pausa
beam n 1. ray of light rayon 2. wooden plank vigan bean frijol, judía, poroton beard barba
beatv 1. win ganarv 2. hit golpearn 3. rhythm ritmoadj beautiful hermoso/apt v became *see becomeconj because porquev become volverse, convertirsen bed caman bedroom dormitorion bee abejan beef carne de vaca, bifept v began *see beginv begin comenzarn beginner principiantev behave comportarsen behaviour comportamientoprep behind atrásn bell campanav belong pertenecern belt cinturónn bench bancov bend doblarpt v bent *see bendadj best el/la mejorv bet apostaradj better mejorprep between entren bicycle bicicletav bid ofrecer, hacer una oferta
5
big – boat
adj big grandeabbrev bike *see bicycle
billn 1. money billeten 2. account cuentan 3. of a bird picon bird ave, pájaro
birthn 1. act of being born nacimientophrase 2. date of birth fecha de nacimienton birthday cumpleañosn biscuit galleta, galletita
bitn 1. small piece pedazo, trozophrase 2. a little bit un poquitopt v 3. *see bite
v bite morder, picaradj black (colour) negro/an blackboard pizarran blade hoja
blamen 1. censure culpav 2. lay responsibility with culparadj blank en blancon blanket manta, frazadav bleed sangrarpt v blew *see blow
blindadj 1. unable to see ciego/an 2. window covering persianan blindness ceguera
blockn 1. child's toy cubov 2. stop from doing something bloquear, impedirphrase 3. a block away a una manzana desde aquíphrase 4. block of flats edificio de apartamentosadj blond rubio/an blood sangreadj bloody ensangrentado/a, sangriento/a
blown 1. hit golpev 2. pertaining to wind soplarphr v 3. blow up estallar
blueadj 1. colour azulcolloq 2. sad triste, deprimido/an board (stiff material) tablan board game juego de mesan boat bote
6
body – break
n body cuerpov boil hervir
boldadj 1. as typeface negritaadj 2. daring audazn bomb bomban bone hueson book libron bookshelf estanten boomerang bumerang
bootn 1. of car maleteron 2. footwear bota
bordern 1. as of country, state fronteran 2. edge bordeadj bored aburrido/aadj boring aburrido/a, aburridorv borrow pedir prestado
bossn 1. person in charge jefev 2. tell what to do mandonearadj both ambosv bother molestarn bottle botella
bottomn 1. body part traseron 2. lower edge fondo, de más abajopt v bought *see buyv bounce rebotarn bowl bol, tazónn box cajan boy niño, nene, muchachoabbrev bra *see brassieren brain cerebro
branchn 1. of tree ramav 2. separate bifurcarse, ramificarsen brassiere sostén, corpiño, soutienadj brave valienteadv bravely valientementen bread pann breadth anchura, ancho
breakn 1. pause descanso, pausav 2. opposite of fix romperphr v 3. break down (as in car) estropearse, descomponersephr v 4. break down (as health) debilitarse, enfermarse
7
breakfast – bus stop
phr v 5. break in (as housebreak) entrar (para robar)phr v 6. break up (for holidays) las clases terminann breakfast desayunon breath alientov breathe respirarv breed criar, producirn brick ladrillon bridge puente
brightadj 1. shiny brillanteadj 2. clever inteligentev brighten iluminar, alegraradj brilliant brillantev bring traeradj broad amplio/a, ancho/an broccoli brócolipt v broke *see breakcolloq broke (penniless) estar pelado, estar en la ruinaphrase broken arm brazo quebradon brother hermanopt v brought *see bringn brush cepillo, pinceln bucket balde, cubov build construirpt v built *see buildn bulb (electric light) bombita, bombillan bullet bala
bullyn 1. person who harasses others (que acosa, intimida), peleador/av 2. harass victimizar, acosar, hostigar
bunchn 1. group grupo, montónphrase 2. bunch of flowers ramo de flores
burnn 1. injury caused by fire quemadurav 2. be on fire quemarsev burst reventarv bury enterrarn bus autobús, bus, ómnibus
bushn 1. outback campo, interior, monten 2. small tree arbusto
businessn 1. company negociocolloq phr 2. mind your own business no te metas en lo que no te importan bus stop parada de autobús
8
bust – cardboard
bustcolloq 1. break rompern 2. female body part bustoadj busy ocupado/aconj but peron butcher carniceron button botónv buy comprarprep by por
Cn cabbage repollo, coln cable cablen cafe café, cafeterían cage jaulan cake pastel, tortav calculate calcularn calculator calculadoran calendar calendario
callv 1. name llamar, llamarsen 2. as for phone llamarphr v 3. call for pedir, requerirphr v 4. call off suspenderphr v 5. call out llamar
calmadj 1. peaceful calmo/a, calmado/aphr v 2. calm down calmar, calmarsept v came *see comen camera cámarav camp acampar
canv 1. able to podern 2. steel container latan candle velan canteen (tuck shop) cantina
capn 1. headwear gorro, gorran 2. top tapa
capitaln 1. important location capitalphrase 2. capital letter mayúsculan capsicum pimiento, ají, morrónn capsule cápsulan captain capitánn car coche, auto, automóviln card tarjetan cardboard cartón
9
care – chalk
v care cuidaradj careful cuidadoso/aadv carefully cuidadosamenten carnival carnaval, campeonaton carrot zanahoria
carryv 1. take llevarphr v 2. carry on (keep going) seguir, continuar
casen 1. bag maleta, valijaphrase 2. just in case por si acason cash dinero en efectivo
cassettephrase 1. audio cassette audiocassette, cinta de audiophrase 2. video cassette videocassette, videocinta
castn 1. of a play reparto, elencov 2. throw arrojar, lanzarn castle castilloadj casual ocasional, informal, de sportn cat gato
catchphrase 1. catch a train tomarphrase 2. catch a cold resfriarsecolloq phr 3. catch on (understand) darse cuenta, caerphr v 4. catch up (reach) alcanzar, ponerse al díapt v caught *see catch
causen 1. reason causav 2. make happen causarn cave cuevaabbrev CD *see compact discn ceiling techo, cielo rason cell célula, celdan cent centavoadj central central
central processing unitn 1. pertaining to computer unidad central de procesoabbrev 2. CPU
n centre centron century siglon cereal cerealn ceremony ceremoniaadj certain seguro, cierto/aadv certainly por cierto, desde luegon chain (jewellery) cadenan chair sillan chalk tiza
10
chance – cigarette
n chance oportunidadchange
n 1. money cambio, vueltov 2. alter cambiarphrase 3. change one's mind cambiar de parecerphrase 4. change clothes cambiarse de ropaadj changeable cambianten change room vestuarion channel canaln chapter capítulon character (literary) personaje
chargen 1. cost preciov 2. as for battery cargarphr v 3. in charge a cargov chase perseguiradj cheap barato/av cheat hacer trampas, engañarv check revisar, comprobarn cheek (body part) mejillacolloq cheeky (naughty) pícaro/a
cheerv 1. make happy alegrarn 2. sound expressing enthusiasm hurra, vivan chemist farmacéutico, químicon cheque chequen cherry cerezan chess ajedrezn chest pechon chewing gum goma de mascar
chickenn 1. animal pollocolloq 2. not brave gallina, miedoson child niño/aadj childish infantiln chin mentón, barbilla
chipsn 1. hot variety papas/patatas fritasn 2. cold crisps papas chip, patatas fritas (de bolsa)n chocolate chocolaten choir corov choose elegir
chopn 1. meat cut chuletav 2. cut cortarpt v chose *see choosen church iglesian cigarette cigarrillo
11
cinema – coin
n cinema cinen circle círculoadj circular circularn circumference circunferencian city ciudad
claimn 1. assertion afirmaciónv 2. assert afirmar, sostener
clapn 1. loud noise ruido, estampidov 2. show appreciation aplaudirn class (group of students) clasen classmate compañero/a de clasen classroom aula, salón de clasephrase classroom block edificio (de aulas)n claw garran clay arcilla
cleanv 1. remove dirt limpiaradj 2. opposite dirty limpio/aadj clear claro/aadj clever inteligenten cliff precipicio, acantiladov climb subir, treparv cling aferrarse, adherirsen clock reloj
closev 1. shut cerraradj 2. near cercaadj closed cerrado/an cloth tela, pañon clothes ropan clothes line tendederon clothing ropan cloud nubeadj cloudy nublado/a
clubn 1. group of people clubn 2. implement garrote, palon clue pistan coal carbónn coast costaadj coastal costero/an coat abrigon cockatoo cacatúan coconut cocon coffee cafén coin moneda
12
cold – concern
coldn 1. illness resfríoadj 2. opposite hot frío/aadj cold-blooded a sangre fría, desalmadon collar cuello, collarv collect juntar, coleccionar, recogern collection colecciónn college colegio, escuela
colourn 1. hue colorv 2. make colourful pintar, colorearadj colourful colorido/a
combn 1. hair accessory peinev 2. do one’s hair peinar
comev 1. move towards venirphr v 2. come from venir de, ser dephr v 3. come out (as in sun) salircolloq phr 4. Come on! (Let’s go.) ¡Vamos!adj comfortable cómodo/an comic cómicon comic strip tira cómica, historietav command ordenaradj common comúnn commonsense sentido comúnn communication comunicaciónn community comunidadn compact disc disco compacton company (business) compañíav compare compararn compass brújulan compasses (geometry compás
equipment)v compete competirn competition competenciav complain quejarsen complaint queja
completev 1. finish completaradj 2. finished completo/av complicate complicaradj complicated complicado/an complication complicaciónn composer compositorn composition composiciónn computer computador/an concern preocupación, inquietud
13
concerned – couple
adj concerned preocupado/an concert concierton condition condiciónn cone (geometrical shape) conov confuse confundirv congratulate felicitarv connect conectarn connection conexiónadj conscious conscientev consider considerarphr v consist of consistir enn consonant consonantev contain contenern container recipiente, contenedorn contents (as of a book) contenidov continue continuar
contrastn 1. difference contrastev 2. find differences contrastarv control controlarn conversation conversación
convictn 1. person convicted of a crime presidiario, convictov 2. find guilty of a crime condenarv cook cocinero
cooladj 1. opposite warm fresco/acolloq 2. trendy estar en la onda
copyn 1. imitation copiav 2. imitate copiarn corner esquina
correctv 1. make right corregiradj 2. right correcto/an corridor corredorv cost costarn cotton algodónn cotton wool lana
coughn 1. the act or sound of coughing tosv 2. expel air from the lungs tosern council consejo, ayuntamienton counsellor concejal
countryn 1. political division paísn 2. opposite city campon couple pareja
14
courage – crush
n courage corajeadj courageous valiente
coursen 1. set of lessons curson 2. way to go curso, caminophrase 3. of course (naturally) por supueston court (as tennis court) canchan cousin primo/a
covern 1. outside of a book tapa, cubiertav 2. put cover on something taparn coward cobarden crab cangrejov crack romper, rajar
craftn 1. vessel embarcaciónn 2. handiwork artesanía
crashn 1. collision choquev 2. shatter estrellarseadj crazy loco/an creature animal, criaturan creek arroyov creep arrastrarsen crescent (shape) media luna
cricketn 1. insect grillon 2. sport críquet
criminaln 1. person who commits crime delincuenteadj 2. against the law penal, delictivo, criminal n crocodile cocodriloadj crooked torcido/an crops cultivos
crossn 1. a symbol of two cruz
intersecting lines
adj 2. angry enojado/av 3. move from one side to another cruzarphr v 4. cross out (delete) tacharn crossword crucigraman crowd gentío, muchedumbreadj crowded lleno/a, muy concurridoadj cruel cruel
crushv 1. flatten aplastarcolloq 2. a liking for someone estar loco por
15
cry – darkness
cryn 1. loud utterance gritov 2. weep llorarn cube cubon cucumber pepinon cupboard armariov cure curaradj curious curioso/a
curln 1. ringlet of hair rulo, rizov 2. form curls rizar, enrularn currency (money) moneda
currentadj 1. topical actualn 2. moving water corrienten curtain cortinan curve curvan custom costumbren customer clientev cut cortaradj cute mono/a, amoroso/a
cyclev 1. ride ir en bicicletan 2. circular event ciclon cylinder cilindro
Dabbrev dad *see fatherabbrev daddy *see fatheradj daily diario
damagen 1. injury dañov 2. cause injury dañaradj damp húmedo/an damper (type of bread) damper
dancen 1. social gathering for dancing bailev 2. rhythmical movement bailarn danger peligroadj dangerous peligroso/aadj daring osado/a, audaz
darkadj 1. opposite light oscuro/aadj 2. opposite fair moreno/an darkness oscuridad
16
date – dependable
daten 1. calendar fechan 2. fruit dátiln daughter hijan day díaadj dead muerto/aadj deaf sordo/a
dealn 1. amount mucho, bastantev 2. give out dar, repartirn death muerten debt deuda
decayn 1. decomposition descomposiciónv 2. rot descomponerse, pudrirsev deceive engañarv decide decidirn decimal decimaln decision decisiónn deck (of house) terrazav declare declarar
decreasen 1. diminution disminuciónv 2. become smaller in number disminuir, decreceradj deep profundo/a
defeatn 1. loss derrotav 2. beat derrotarv define definir
degree n 1. of temperature gradon 2. amount grado
delayn 1. hold up demorav 2. put off till later demorar, retrasarabbrev deli *see delicatessenn delicatessen fiambrerían delight placer, deleiteadj delightful encantador/a, precioso/av deliver entregar
demandn 1. urgent requirement exigenciav 2. ask for with authority exigirv demonstrate demostrarn demonstration demostraciónn dentist dentistav depend dependeradj dependable confiable, serio/a, formal
17
dependant – discussion
adj dependant dependienten depth profundidadv descend descenderv describe describirn description descripción
desertn 1. hot, dry place desiertov 2. leave desertar, abandonarv deserve merecer
desiren 1. longing deseov 2. wish for desearn desk escritoriov destroy destruirn destruction destrucción
detailn 1. minute part detallev 2. describe fully detallarn detective detectiven detention (pertaining to school) quedarse castigado después de clasev dial discar, marcarn diameter diámetro
diamondn 1. precious stone diamanteadj 2. shape rombon diary diario, agendan dictionary diccionariopt v did *see don didgeridoo didgeridoov die morirn diet dietaadj different diferenteadj difficult difícilv dig cavarn dingo dingon dinner cenan dinosaur dinosaurion direction direcciónn dirt suciedadadj dirty sucio/av disagree no estar de acuerdo, discreparn disagreement desacuerdon disc (round, flat object) discon disco discotecav discover descubrirn discovery descubrimientov discuss discutir, hablar den discussion discusión, deliberación
18
disease – drop
n disease enfermedadn dish plato, fuenten dishwasher (appliance) lavaplatos, lavavajillasn disk (of computers) discon disk drive unidad de discov dislike desagradar, no gustarv dismiss despedir, descartarn distance distanciav disturb perturbar, molestarv dive zambullirsev divide dividirn division divisiónv divorce divorciar
dov 1. perform hacerphrase 2. What does she do? ¿Qué hace ella? ¿A qué se dedica?
(what's her job?)
phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting) Mucho gusto. Encantado.n doctor doctor/an document documenton dog perron dollar dólarn door puertav double doblar, duplicar
doubtn 1. uncertainty dudav 2. hesitate to believe dudarv drag arrastrarn dragon dragónpt v drank *see drinkv draw dibujar, retirarn drawer cajón
dreamn 1. images during sleep sueñov 2. imagine soñarpt v dreamt *see dream
dressn 1. woman's clothing vestidov 2. to put on clothing vestirsept v drew *see draw
drinkn 1. beverage bebidav 2. swallow liquid beberv drive manejar, conducirn driveway entrada (para coches)
dropn 1. small amount of water gotav 2. let fall caerse, tirar
19
drought – email
n drought sequíapt v drove *see drivev drown ahogarsen drug droga, fármacon drum tamborn drunk (person who drinks borracho/a, ebrio/a
too much alcohol)
adj dry seco/apt v dug *see digadj dumb tonto/a, bobo/aprep during durante
dustn 1. dirt polvov 2. clean of dirt quitar el polvo, sacudirn duster trapo del polvo, plumeron duty (something you must do) deber
En eagle águilan ear orejaadj early temprano/av earn ganarn earring pendienten earth tierran east esteadj easy fácilv eat comern echidna puercoespín australianon edge bordev edit corregir, publicar, editarn education educaciónn effect efecton effort esfuerzon egg huevoadj either o, nin elastic elásticon elbow codo
elderadj 1. older than mayor quen 2. older person persona mayor, anciano/an election elecciónn electrician electricistan electricity electricidad
emailn 1. Internet letter correo electrónico, emailv 2. send an Internet letter enviar por correo electrónico
20
embarrass – excellent
v embarrass avergonzaradj embarrassed dar vergüenza, avergonzado/an emergency emergencian emigrant emigranten emotion emociónv employ emplearn employee empleado/an employer empleador, patrónn employment empleoadj empty vacío/an emu emúv encourage alentar
endn 1. termination finv 2. finish finalizarn enemy enemigo/a
engagedadj 1. busy ocupado/aadj 2. soon to be married comprometido/an engine motorv enjoy disfrutaradj enormous enormeadj enough suficientev enquire preguntar, averiguarv enter entrar, ingresarv entertain entretener, invitar, agasajarn entertainment entretenimiento, diversiónn entrance entradan entry entradan envelope sobren environment medio ambienteadj equal igualn equator ecuadorn equipment equipo
escapen 1. an act of escaping escapev 2. get away escaparadv even (divisible by two) parn evening tarde, nochen event eventoadj every cadaabbrev exam *see examinationn examination examen
examplen 1. illustration ejemploabbrev 2. e.g.
adj excellent excelente
21
exchange – factory
exchangen 1. act of exchanging intercambiov 2. give up for an equivalent intercambiarv excite excitar, entusiasmaradj excited excitado/a, entusiasmado/an excitement excitación, entusiasmoadj exciting excitante, emocionanten excursion excursión
excusen 1. justification excusav 2. pardon disculpar, perdonarint 3. Excuse me! Con permiso. Permiso. Perdón.
exercisen 1. physical work ejercicion 2. class work ejercicion 3. exercise book cuaderno
exitn 1. way out salidav 2. go out salirv expect esperaradj expensive caro/a
experiencen 1. thing undergone experienciav 2. undergo experimentar
experimentn 1. science trial experimentov 2. try something experimentarv explain explicarn explanation explicaciónv explode explotarv explore explorar
expressadj 1. fast expresov 2. say expresar
expressionn 1. on face expresiónn 2. in words expresiónadj extra extran eye ojon eyebrow ceja
Fface
n 1. part of body caraphrase 2. face the front mirar hacia el frentecolloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it) ¡Sé realista!n fact hechon factory fábrica
22
fade – fence
v fade desvanecersev fail fallar
faintadj 1. not dark tenuev 2. become unconscious desmayarse
fairadj 1. just justo/aadj 2. light claro/aadv fairly (quite) bastanten fairy hadav fall caeradj false falso/aadj familiar familiar
familyn 1. kin familiar, parienten 2. family tree familiaadj famous famoso/a
fann 1. great admirer fan, hinchan 2. equipment to blow air ventiladoradj far lejosn fare (cost for trip) pasajen farm granjan fashion modaadj fashionable de moda
fastadv 1. quick rápido/a, velozadv 2. forward in time adelantadov 3. go without food ayunarv fasten sujetaradj fat gordo/an father padren fault culpa, defecton favour favoradj favourite favorito/an fax fax, facsímil
fearn 1. feeling of impending danger miedov 2. be afraid temer, tener miedon feather plumav feed alimentar, dar de comer
feelv 1. as emotion sentirv 2. touch tocar, palparpt v fell *see fallpt v felt *see feeladj female (of gender) femenino/an fence cerco, cerca
23
ferry – flashing
n ferry ferryn festival festivaln fever fiebreadj few pocos/as
fieldn 1. where sport is played canchan 2. open land campoadj fierce feroz
fightn 1. battle peleav 2. engage in battle pelear
figuren 1. number cifran 2. person personaje, figuraphr v 3. figure out (understand) entender, descifrarv fill llenarn film película, filmeadj final finalv find encontrar
fineadj 1. not raining bueno, buen tiempoadj 2. opposite thick fino/aadj 3. well (healthy) muy bienn finger dedo
finishn 1. end point finalv 2. end terminar
firev 1. cease to employ echar, despedirv 2. shoot dispararn 3. something burning fuego, incendion fireworks fuegos artificialesadv first primero/an first aid primeros auxilios
fishn 1. water creature pezv 2. catch fish pescarn fishing rod caña de pescar
fitadj 1. healthy en forma, sano/an 2. size caber, encajar, quedar bienphrase 3. fit in with (match well) concordar, corresponder, encajarv fix arreglarn flag banderan flame llaman flash (bright light) flash, destelloadj flashing intermitente
24
flat – form
flatn 1. dwelling apartamentoadj 2. shape plano/a, chato/an flavour saborpt v flew *see flyn flight vuelov float flotarn flood inundación
floorn 1. part of a room pison 2. level of a building pison floppy disk disco (blando)v flow fluirn flower florabbrev flu *see influenza
flyn 1. insect moscav 2. move through the air volarn fog (weather condition) niebla, neblinaadj foggy nebuloso/av fold doblarn folder carpetav follow seguirn font fuente, fontn food comida, alimenton fool tonto/aadj foolish tonto/an foot pien football fútboln footwear calzado
forphrase 1. for us para nosotrosphrase 2. for NSW para NSWphrase 3. for $5 por $5
forcen 1. strength fuerzav 2. impose on forzaradj foreign (not native) extranjero/an foreigner extranjero/an forest bosquept v forgave *see forgivev forget olvidar, olvidarsev forgive perdonarpt v forgot *see forgetn fork tenedor
formn 1. paper you fill in formulariov 2. make formar
25
fortnight – funeral
n 3. shape forman fortnight quincena, quince díasadj fortunate afortunado/aadv fortunately afortunadamente
fortunen 1. large amount of money fortunan 2. luck suertept v fought *see fightpt v found *see findn fountain fuenten fraction fracciónn frame marco
freeadj 1. costing nothing gratisadj 2. unoccupied libre, desocupado/av 3. let go liberarn freedom libertadv freeze congelar, congelarsen freezer (appliance) congeladoradj frequent frecuenteadj fresh fresco/aabbrev fridge *see refrigeratorn friend amigo/aadj friendly simpático/a, agradablen fright sustov frighten asustar
fromphrase 1. from Sydney desde Sydneyphrase 2. from my grandmother de mi abuelaphrase 3. from $10 desde $10
frontadj 1. opposite back frenteprep 2. in front of enfrenten front door puerta del frenten front steps escalera/escalones del frentev frown fruncir el ceñopt v froze *see freezen fruit fruta
fulladj 1. opposite empty lleno/aadj 2. not hungry lleno/an full stop (punctuation mark) punto
funn 1. mirthful amusement diversión, divertidocolloq phr 2. make fun of (ridicule) reírse den funeral funeral
26
funny – girl
funnyadj 1. humorous cómico/a, gracioso/aadj 2. strange raro/a, extraño/an fur pieln furniture mueblesadj further más, aún másn future futuro
Gv gamble jugar, apostarn game juegon gaol *see jailn gap espacio, brechan garage (of house) garajen garden jardínn garlic ajon gas gasn gate verja, entradav gather juntar, recogerpt v gave *see give
gayadj 1. happy alegreadj 2. homosexual homosexual, gayn gender género, sexo
generaladj 1. usual generaln 2. rank in army generaladv generally generalmenten generosity generosidadadj generous generoso/aadj gentle dulce, delicado/a, tierno/a
getv 1. become ponerse, volversev 2. receive recibirv 3. possess tenerv 4. arrive llegarv 5. obtain conseguir, obtenerphr v 6. get on with (like) llevarse bien conphr v 7. get out (leave) salirphr v 8. get together (meet) reunirsephr v 9. get up (arise) levantarsephr v 10. get rid of (dispose of) deshacerse de
giantn 1. huge mythical being giganteadj 2. very big giganten gift regalo, obsequion girl niña, nena, muchacha
27
give – grain
givev 1. hand to darphr v 2. give in (hand in) entregarcolloq phr 3. give in (surrender) rendirse, darse por vencidophr v 4. give out (distribute) repartirphr v 5. give up (surrender) renunciarphr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking) dejaradj glad contento/a
glassn 1. window material vidrion 2. drinking vessel vaso, copan glasses (for eyesight) gafas, lentes, anteojosn glove guante
gov 1. move irphrase 2. go by bus ir en autobúsphrase 3. go out with salir conphr v 4. go wrong salir mal, fallarphr v 5. go on with (continue) seguir conphr v 6. go well salir bienphr v 7. go over (check) revisar, examinarphr v 8. go through (check) registrar, revisarphr v 9. go after (chase) perseguirn god diosn gold oroadj golden dorado/a
goodadj 1. opposite bad bueno/aphrase 2. vegetables are good for you las verduras son buenascolloq phr 3. Good for you! (congratulations) ¡Felicitaciones! ¡Muy bien!int 4. Good afternoon (greeting) Buenas tardesint 5. Goodbye Adiósint 6. Good day (greeting) ¿Que tal?int 7. Good morning (greeting) Buenos díasint 8. Good night (farewell) Buenas noches
goodnessn 1. virtue bondadint 2. My goodness! (expression of ¡Dios mío!
surprise)
n goods artículos, mercancía, mercaderían gossip chisme, chismorreo, cotilleopt v got *see getv govern gobernarn government gobiernon governor gobernadorv grab agarrar, aprovecharadv gradually gradualmenten grain grano
28
grand – habit
adj grand gran, magnífico/a, fabuloso/an grandchild nieto/an granddaughter nietan grandfather abuelon grandmother abuelan grandparent abuelon grandson nieton grape uvan graph gráfico/an grass pastoadj grateful agradecido/an grave grave, serio/a, tumba, sepulturaadj great gran, bárbaro/a, fabuloso/an greed gula, codiciaadj greedy codicioso/a, glotón/onaadj green verdev greet saludarn greeting saludopt v grew *see growadj grey grisn grief profunda pena, pesarv grieve sufrir, lamentar, llorarv grill (cooking) hacer a la parrilla
grossadj 1. total bruto/acolloq 2. disgusting asco, ordinario/a
groundn 1. earth sueloadj 2. bottom (as for ground floor) planta bajan group grupophrase group of students grupo de estudiantesv grow crecern grown-up persona mayorv guard vigilar, guardarn guardian tutor/av guess adivinarn guest invitado
guiden 1. leader guíav 2. show the way guiarn guilt culpaadj guilty culpablen guitar guitarran gum tree eucaliptoabbrev gym *see gymnasiumn gymnasium gimnasio
Hn habit hábito, costumbre
29
had – have
pt v had *see have n hail (weather condition) granizon hailstorm granizadan hair cabello, pelon haircut corte de peloadj halal halal (faenado)
halfadj 1. equal part of medio/aphrase 2. half-past eight ocho y median hall salónn hallway pasillo, corredorv halve partir por la mitad, dividir por dosn hamburger hamburguesan hammer martillo
handn 1. body part manon 2. hand-out repartirphr v 3. hand in entregarn handbag carteran handball handball, balonmano
handlen 1. thing that may be held mango, asav 2. touch tocar, manejaradj handsome apuesto, buen mozon handwriting letra (de mano/cursiva)
hangv 1. suspend colgar, tenderphr v 2. hang around (loiter) vagar, andar dando vueltasphr v 3. hang onto (hold) agarrarsephr v 4. hang up (put receiver down) colgarint 5. Hang on! (wait) ¡Espera!v happen ocurrir, sucedern happiness felicidadadj happy felizn harbour puerto
hardadj 1. difficult difíciladj 2. not soft duro/aadv hardly (rarely) apenasv harm dañar, hacer dañon harvest cosechan hat sombrerov hate odiar
havev 1. own tener, poseerphrase 2. have a headache tener dolor de cabezaphrase 3. have dinner cenarphrase 4. have a hair cut cortarse el pelophr v 5. have on (wear) vestir, tener puesto
30
have to – his
phr v have to (be compelled to) tener quepron he él
headn 1. body part cabezan 2. leader jefe, directorn headache dolor de cabezan heading (title) encabezamiento, títulon health saludadj healthy sano/a, saludablen heap (pile) montón, pilav hear oírpt v heard *see hearn heart corazón
heatv 1. warm calentarn 2. warmth calorn heater (appliance) estufa, calentador, calefactoradj heavy pesado/an height alturapt v held *see holdn helicopter helicópteroint hello hola
helpn 1. aid ayudaphrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself) sírvetecolloq phr 3. I can't help it (I have no no lo puedo evitar
control over it)
adj helpful servicialn hemisphere hemisferio
herphrase 1. ask her pregúntale (a ella)phrase 2. her book su libroadv here aquín hero héroev hesitate vacilarn hexagon hexágonoint hi holapt v hid *see hidev hide esconder
highadj 1. tall alto/aadj 2. as for musical note alto/aphrase high-heeled shoe zapato de taco alton high school escuela secundaria, liceon hill cerro, colinapron him lo, len hip caderav hire alquilar , contratarpron his su
31
history – however
n history historiahit
v 1. strike golpear, dar un golpecolloq 2. winner éxitov hitch-hike hacer dedon hobby hobby, pasatiempo
holdv 1. grasp sostener, agarrarn 2. hold-up (robbery) atracon 3. hold-up (delay) demoraint 4. Hold it! (stop) ¡Espera!colloq phr 5. hold on (wait) un momenton hole agujeron holiday vacacionesadj hollow hueco/aadj holy sagrado/an home hogaradj homesick echar de menos (familia, país)n homework (school work you deberes, tarea
do at home)
n honest honesto/ahook
n 1. curved piece of metal gancho, perchav 2. catch enganchar
hopen 1. expectation esperanzav 2. wish esperar, desearn horizon horizonte
horn n 1. animal part cuernon 2. car part bocina, claxonadj horrible horriblen horror horror, terrorn horse caballon hospital hospitaln host anfitrión/onan hostel albergue
hotadj 1. very warm caliente, mucho calorcolloq 2. very good muy bueno/an hotel hoteln hot-plate hornalla, hornillon hour horan house casan housework (domestic work) tareas domésticas
howadv 1. in what way cómocolloq phr 2. how come? (why) cómo es que...conj however sin embargo, no obstante
32
huge – industry
adj huge inmenso/a, enormehuman
adj 1. of people humano/an 2. human being ser humanon humour humorpt v hung *see hangadj hungry tener hambre, hambriento/av hunt cazar
hurryv 1. move quickly apresurarsecolloq phr 2. hurry up darse prisa, apurarse
hurtv 1. injure hacerse daño, lastimarseadj 2. wounded lastimado/a, herido/an hut cabaña, choza
Ipron I yon ice hielon ice-cream heladoadj ideal idealconj if siadj ill enfermo/aadj illegal ilegaln illness enfermedadn illustration ilustraciónv imagine imaginaradj immediate inmediato/aadv immediately inmediatamenten immigrant inmigranteadj important importanteadj impossible imposiblev improve mejorar
inprep 1. indicates enclosed place enphrase 2. in Australia en Australiaphrase 3. in January en enerophrase 4. in English en inglésphrase 5. in pencil en lápizphrase 6. in love enamorado/aphrase 7. in danger en peligrophrase 8. in time (not late) a tiempov include incluirn income ingresosadj incorrect incorrecto/av increase aumentarn index índiceadj indoor de interiorn industry industria
33
infect – is
v infect infectarn infection infecciónv influence influirn influenza gripev inform informarn information informaciónprep in front of en frente dev inhabit habitarn inhabitant habitante
initialadj 1. first inicialn 2. first letter of name inicialn injection inyecciónv injure herir, lesionarn injury herida, lesiónadj inner interioradj innocent inocenten insect insectov insert introducir, insertarprep inside dentro dev insist insistir
instantn 1. moment instanteadj 2. immediate instantáneo/aadv instead en lugar de, en vez dev instruct ordenar, dar instruccionesn instruction instrucción, enseñanzan instrument (musical) instrumenton insurance seguroadj intelligent inteligentev intend tener la intenciónn interest interésadj interested interesado/aadj interesting interesanten Internet Internetv interrupt interrumpirn intersection intersecciónn interview entrevistaprep into en, av introduce presentar, introducirn introduction (of a book) introducciónv invent inventarn invitation invitaciónv invite invitar
ironn 1. metal hierron 2. household appliance planchav 3. as for clothing plancharprt v is *see be
34
island – keyboard
n island islait
pron 1. subject el/ellapron 2. object le, la, lopron its (possessive) su
Jn jacket chaqueta, terno, sacon jail cárceln jar frasco, poteadj jealous celoso/a, envidioso/an jeans vaqueros, jeansn jet aviónn jewel piedra preciosa, joyan jewellery joyas, alhajasn job trabajov jog correr, hacer footingn jogger persona que hace footing
joinv 1. unite unirv 2. as a club hacerse socioadj joint conjunto/an joke broma, chisten journey viajen joy alegría
judgen 1. person in court juezv 2. make a decision about juzgarn judgment fallon judo judo, yudon juice jugov jump saltarn jumper (clothing) suéter, jersey, buzo, chomba
justadv 1. only sóloadj 2. fair justo/a
Kn kangaroo canguro
keepv 1. hold on to guardar, quedarse conphr v 2. keep away no acercarsephr v 3. keep going seguirphr v 4. keep out no permitirphr v 5. keep up continuar, mantenerse al díacolloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in El maestro nos hizo quedar después de clasept v kept *see keepn key llave, tecla, claven keyboard teclado
35
keyring – large
n keyring llaveron keyword palabra clavev kick patearcolloq kid (child) chaval/a, cabro/a, pibe/a, botijav kill matarn killer asesino/a
kindadj 1. good hearted amablen 2. type tipo, clasen kindness amabilidadn king reyv kiss beson kitchen cocinan knee rodillav kneel arrodillarsept v knelt *see kneelpt v knew *see known knife cuchillov knit tejern knob botón, tirador, perillav knock golpearn knot nudo
knowv 1. understand saberv 2. be acquainted with conocerphrase 3. Let me know (tell me) Avísamen koala koalan kookaburra kookaburra
Labbrev lab *see laboratoryn label etiquetan laboratory laboratorion labour trabajo, mano de obrav lack carecern lad muchachon ladder escalera (de mano)pt v laid *see layn lake lagon lamp lámpara
landn 1. opposite of sea tierran 2. country paísv 3. as for plane aterrizarn language lenguaje, idioma
lapn 1. body part faldan 2. distance in a pool vueltaadj large grande
36
last – less
lastadj 1. opposite of first último/av 2. endure duraradv lastly por últimoadj late (opposite of early) tardeadv lately últimamenteadv later más tardev laugh reírn laughter risan laundry lavaderon law leyn lawn céspedn lawyer abogado
layv 1. as for eggs ponerv 2. put colocaradj lazy perezoso/a, haragán/na
leadv 1. go first encabezar, guiarn 2. holder for a dog correan leader líder, dirigente, jefen leadership liderazgo, direcciónn leaf hojav leak gotear, perder
leanv 1. incline inclinarse, apoyarseadj 2. thin delgado/a, magro/av leap saltarn leap year año bisiestov learn aprenderpt v learnt *see learnadj least lo que menos, más mínimo/an leather cuero
leavev 1. separate from partirn 2. time off licenciaphr v 3. leave alone dejar en pazphr v 4. leave on dejar encendido/puestophr v 5. leave out omitirpt v led *see leadpt v left *see leaveadj left (opposite of right) izquierdaadj left-handed zurdo/an leg piernan lemon limónv lend prestarn length longitudpt v lent *see lendadv less menos
37
lesson – lizard
n lesson clase, lecciónlet
v 1. allow permitirv 2. rent alquilar, arrendar
lettern 1. as of alphabet letran 2. correspondence cartan letterbox buzónn lettuce lechugaadj level plano/a, parejo/a, derecho/a, nivelado/an liar mentiroson library bibliotecan licence licencia, permisov lick lamern lid tapa
liev 1. tell untruths mentirphr v 2. lie down tenderse, acostarsen life vidan lifesaver salvavidas
liftv 1. raise levantarn 2. elevator ascensorn 3. car ride llevar, aventón
lightn 1. opposite of darkness claridadn 2. as for electric light luzadj 3. not dark claro/aadj 4. not heavy liviano/an lighter (as for cigarettes) encendedorn lightning relámpago
likev 1. be fond of gustarprep 2. similar to comon limit límiten line línean lip labion liquid líquidon list listav listen escucharpt v lit *see lightn litter basuraadj little pequeño/a, chico/a
livev 1. exist vivir, existiradj 2. opposite of dead vivo/an living (job) vivir den living room sala, livingn lizard lagarto
38
load – lunch
v load cargarn lobster langosta
localn 1. person from a particular area lugareño, del lugar, de la zonaadj 2. pertaining to an area localn location ubicación, situación, lugarv lock cerraduran log (wood) troncon lolly caramelo, dulceadj lonely solo/a
longadj 1. opposite of short largo/aphr v 2. long for (want) anhelar, desearphrase 3. How long?(as time) cuánto tiempo...phrase 4. How long?(as length) de qué largo...phrase 5. long ago hace mucho tiempo
lookn 1. glance miradaphr v 2. look at mirar aphr v 3. look after cuidarphr v 4. look for buscarphr v 5. look forward to estar deseando, tener ganas dephr v 6. look up to admirar, respetarphrase 7. look like (resemble) parecerseadj loose holgado/a, suelto/a
losev 1. opposite of find perderv 2. opposite of win perderphrase 3. she lost her mother perdió a su madre
(her mother died)
n loss pérdidapt v lost *see lose
lotn 1. destiny suerte, destinophrase 2. a lot of mucho/a, un montón deadj loud fuerte, alto/an lounge room sala, living
loven 1. passionate affection amorv 2. feel passionate amaradj low bajo/an lower case minúsculaadj loyal lealn luck suerteadj lucky afortunado/an lump bulton lunch almuerzo
39
machine – match
Mn machine máquina
madadj 1. angry furioso/aadj 2. insane loco/acolloq phr 3. mad about (loves) loco porn madam señorapt v made *see maken magazine revistan magic magian magpie urraca
mailn 1. correspondence correspondencia, correov 2. send enviar por correo, echar (una carta)adj main principal
makev 1. manufacture hacerphrase 2. make the bed hacer/tender la camaphrase 3. make friends hacerse de amigosphr v 4. make up (reconcile) hacer las paces, reconciliarsen make-up maquillajeadj male masculino/an mammal mamíferon man hombrev manage dirigir, administrarn manager gerente, director, encargadon mandarin mandarinan mango mangon manner (way) manera, forman manners (pertaining to modales
polite behaviour)
v manufacture fabricar, manufacturaradj many muchos/asn map mapan margin (of a book) margenn marijuana mariguana, marihuana
markv 1. correct corregirn 2. numerical value for work notan 3. spot marca, manchan market mercadon marriage matrimonio, casamientov marry casarsen mat alfombrita, esterilla, colchoneta
matchv 1. suit hacer juego conn 2. implement for lighting fósforo, cerilla
40
mate – midday
n 3. game partido, match, combaten mate (friend) amigo/a, compañero/an material materialn mathematics matemáticasabbrev maths *see mathematics
mattern 1. substance materiaphrase 2. What's the matter? ¿Qué pasa?phrase 3. It matters a lot Importa muchov may (allowed to) poderadv maybe quizás, puede serpron me min meal comida
meanv 1. intend tener la intención, querer decirn 2. average promediophrase 3. I didn't mean it (accidental) No fue mi intención. Fue sin querer. n meaning significadon means (resources) medios, recursospt v meant *see meanadv meanwhile mientras tanto, entre tantov measure medirn measurement medidan meat carnen meat pie pastel de carnen mechanic mecánicon medication medicamento, medicaciónn medicine medicina, medicamento, remedioadj medium mediano/av meet encontrarse conn melon melón, sandíav melt derretirsen member miembro, socio/av memorise memorizarn memory memoriav mend arreglar, remendaradj mental mentalv mention mencionar
menun 1. list in restaurant menún 2. list on a computer menún mess desorden, revoltijon message mensajept v met *see meetn metal metaln method métodon microscope microscopion microwave (oven) horno microondasn midday mediodía
41
middle – moist
middleadj 1. central medio, del medion 2. centre centro, medioadj middle-aged de mediana edad, de edad maduran midnight medianoche
mightv 1. express possibility podría, podríamosn 2. strength poder, fuerzasn migrant emigrante, extranjeroadj mild suave, leven military los militares, el ejérciton milk lechen milkbar bar lácteo
mindn 1. consciousness mentephrase 2. Keep in mind tener en mentephrase 3. Never mind (don't worry) No importa. No te preocupes.phrase 4. I don't mind No me molesta.phrase 5. Mind the step (be careful) Cuidado con el escalón.
minepron 1. possessive míon 2. underground excavation minan mineral mineraln minister (government) ministroprep minus menos, de menos
minuten 1. unit of time minutoadj 2. very small diminuto/an mirror espejoadj miserable desconsolado/a, deprimentev misplace perder, traspapelar
missn 1. woman's title señoritav 2. long for echar de menos, extrañarv 3. opposite of hit fallar, errar, perderadj missing faltante, perdido, faltar, desaparecern Missus mujer, doñan Mister señor, donn mistake errorv misunderstand entender mal, malinterpretarv mix mezclarn mixture mezclan mobile phone teléfono celular/móvil
modeln 1. representation modelo, maquetan 2. person who shows clothes modeloadj modern moderno/aadj modest modesto/aadj moist húmedo/a
42
moment – naked
n moment momenton money dineron monitor (computer) monitorn month mesn mood (frame of mind) humor, ánimon moon lunaadj moral moraladv more másn morning mañanan mosque mezquitaadj most la mayoría, la mayor parten mother madren motor motorn motor bike moton motor scooter motoneta, scúter
mousen 1. animal ratónn 2. computer part ratónphrase mouse button (computer) botón del ratónn mousepad almohadillan moustache bigoten mouth bocav move movern movement movimienton movie películaabbrev Mr *see Misterabbrev Mrs *see Missusn Ms Sra.adv much mucho/aadj multicultural multiculturaln multiplication multiplicaciónv multiply multiplicarabbrev mum *see mother
murdern 1. unlawful killing asesinatov 2. kill unlawfully asesinarn muscle músculon mushroom hongo, setan music músicav must deber, tener quepron my mi, misn mystery misterio
Nn nag rezongón/ona, gruñón/ona
nailn 1. body part uñan 2. metal spike clavoadj naked desnudo/a
43
name – nobody
namen 1. title nombrephrase 2. given name nombre de pilaphrase 3. family name apellidoadj narrow angosto/aadj nasty desagradable, malo/an nation naciónadj nationality nacionalidadadj native natal, nativo/a, autóctono/a
naturen 1. person's character carácter, naturalezan 2. environment naturalezaprep near cerca, próximo/aadv nearby cerca, cercano/aadv nearly casiadj neat prolijo/a, ordenado/aadj necessary necesario/an neck cuellov need necesitarn needle aguja
negativen 1. film negativo/aadj 2. opposite of positive negativo/av neglect desatender, descuidarn neighbour vecino/aadv neither ni, tampocon nerve nervioadj nervous nervioso/an nest nido
netn 1. trap redn 2. sport equipment redabbrev Net *see Internetn netball (game) netballadv never nuncaadj new nuevo/an newspaper diario, periódico
nextadv 1. after this luego, despuésadj 2. following siguiente, próximo/aphrase 3. next door al ladoadj nice amable, bueno/a, bonito/an night nochen nightclub club nocturno, boîten night dress camisón
noint 1. opposite yes nodet 2. not at all nopron nobody nadie
44
nocturnal – obvious
adj nocturnal nocturno/av nod asentir (con la cabeza)n noise ruidoadv noisily ruidosamenteadj noisy ruidoso/apron none ninguno/an noon mediodíapron no-one ninguno/aconj nor tampocoadj normal normaln north norten nose narizn nosebleed hemorragia nasaladv not no
noten 1. money billeten 2. short piece of writing notaphrase 3. take note (be careful) fíjarse, observar, notarphrase 4. take notes tomar notapron nothing nadan notice letrero, avison notice board tablero de anunciosn noun sustantivo, nombren novel novelaadv now ahoraadv nowadays hoy en díaadv nowhere ningún lado, ninguna parteadj nude desnudo/a
numbern 1. numeral númerov 2. count contarphrase 3. a number of un número de, varias/osabbrev 4. no.
n nurse enfermera/onut
n 1. fruit fruto seco (nuez, almendra, etc)colloq 2. mad person chiflado/an nutrition nutrición
Oadj obedient obedientev obey obedecer
objectn 1. thing objeton 2. aim objetivov 3. be against objetarn objection objeciónv obtain obteneradj obvious obvio/a
45
occasion – only
n occasion ocasiónadv occasionally ocasionalmenten occupation ocupaciónn ocean océanoadv o'clock en punto (hora)
oddadj 1. strange raro/a, curioso/aphrase 2. odd number imparprep of deint of course por supuesto, desde luego
offadv 1. away from de, desde, faltaprep 2. opposite on apagado/a (luz, TV, etc.), sincolloq phr 3. Off you go! ¡Andando! ¡Fuera!n offence infracción, delito
offern 1. proposal ofertav 2. present for approval ofrecern office oficinan officer funcionario, oficialadj official oficialadv often a menudoint oh! ¡ah!, ¡ay!
oiln 1. of petroleum petróleov 2. grease aceitarint okay bueno, vale, okey, bien
oldadj 1. opposite new viejo/aadj 2. opposite young viejo/an old age vejezadj old-fashioned anticuado/a
onprep 1. representing location enadj 2. opposite off encendido/a (luz, TV, etc.)phrase 3. on fire en llamas phrase 4. on foot a piephrase 5. on time puntualmentephrase 6. on holidays de vacacionesphrase 7. on the left a la izquierdaphrase 8. on the right a la derechaphrase 9. on top arriba, encima
onceadv 1. one time una vezphrase 2. at once a la vez, inmediatamentephrase 3. once a week una vez por semanaadj one un, unan onion cebolla adv only sólo, solamente
46
open – overcrowded
openadj 1. opposite of closed abierto/aphrase 2. in the open (outside) al aire libre, afueran opening abertura
operatev 1. work funcionar, actuarv 2. carry out surgery operarn operation operaciónn opinion opiniónn opportunity oportunidadv oppose oponersen opposite opuesto, contrario
orangeadj 1. colour anaranjado/an 2. fruit naranjan orchestra orquesta
ordern 1. numerical sequence ordenn 2. direction for a supply pedido, encargov 3. put in sequence ordenarv 4. arrange supply of pedir, encargaradj ordinary normal, común
organn 1. musical instrument órganon 2. body part órganon organisation organizaciónv organise organizarn origin origen pron other otro/aconj otherwise si no, de lo contrariopron our nuestro/a
outadv 1. opposite in fueraprep 2. out of fueraphrase 3. Lights out! ¡Apaguen las luces!phrase 4. made out of hecho dephrase 5. out of bounds zona prohibidaphrase 6. out of date vencido/a, pasado/a de modaphrase 7. out of order no funciona, descompuestophrase 8. out of work sin trabajoadv outside fuera, afueraadj oval (shape) ovalado/a
overadv 1. finished terminarprep 2. pertaining to location sobre, encima dephrase 3. over and over una y otra vezphrase 4. over there alláphrase 5. fall over caerseadj overcrowded abarrotado/a, atestado/a
47
overdo – pass
v overdo exagerar, pasarseadj overdue retraso, vencer (plazo)n overhead projector proyector de transparenciasv overhear oír (por casualidad)adj overnight una noche, de la noche a la mañanaadv overseas exterior, extranjerov oversleep quedarse dormido/av overtake adelantar, pasarv owe deberphrase owing to (due to) debido a
ownv 1. have tener, ser dueño dephrase 2. his own money su propio dineron owner dueño/an oxygen oxígeno
Pv pack empaquetar, empacarphrase pack of cards baraja, mazo de cartasn packet paqueten pad (as note-pad) blocn paddock potreron page páginapt v paid *see payn pain dolorv paint pintarn painting pinturan pair paradj pale pálido/an pan cacerola, sartén, ollan pants pantalónn pantyhose medias (de mujer), pantimediasn paper papeln paragraph párrafoadj parallel paralelo/an parallelogram paralelogramon parent padre (padre y madre)
parkn 1. green space parquev 2. as a car estacionar, aparcarn part parten participle (grammar) participioadj particular particular, concreto/a, determinado/an partner compañero/a, socio/aadj part-time a tiempo parcialn party (gathering) fiesta
passv 1. go by pasarv 2. opposite of fail aprobar, salvar, pasar
48
passage – persuade
v 3. hand over pasarn 4. train pass pase, abonon passage pasaje, corredorn passenger pasajeron passport pasaporte
pastn 1. time gone by pasadophrase 2. walk past pasar (caminando) por, pasar de largophrase 3. half past three tres y mediaphrase 4. past tense pasadon pasta pasta
pasten 1. glue pegamento, colav 2. stick with paste pegarn path sendero, camino
patientn 1. a person under medical paciente
treatment
adj 2. calm under stress pacienten pause pausan paw pata, garra, zarpa
payn 1. earnings paga, salariov 2. provide with money pagarn pea arveja, guisanten peace pazadj peaceful tranquilo/a, pacífico/an pen lapicera, bolígrafon pencil lápizn pencil case estuche (para lápices), cartucheran penguin pingüinon pentagon pentágonon pepper pimientaadv per cent por cienton percentage porcentajeadj perfect perfecto/av perform actuar, desempeñar, rendirn perfume perfumeadv perhaps quizás
periodn 1. school day division horan 2. pertaining to menstruation período, reglan 3. amount of time períodon permission permiso
permitn 1. licence permisov 2. allow permitirn person personav persuade persuadir
49
pet – plate
n pet animal doméstico, mascotan petrol gasolina, nafta, bencinaabbrev phone *see telephonen photocopy fotocopia
photographn 1. picture fotografíav 2. take a picture fotografiarn phrase fraseadj physical físico/an pianist pianistan piano piano
pickv 1. choose elegircolloq phr 2. pick on (bully) meterse con (victimizar)colloq phr 3. pick up some English aprender algo de inglésphrase 4. take your pick elige, escogen picnic picnicn picture dibujo, ilustración, cuadron piece pedazo, trozon pile montón, pilan pill píldoran pillow almohadan pilot piloton pin alfilern pineapple ananá, piñan pipe pipa, tubo, cañería
pityn 1. shame lástima, penav 2. feel sorry for tener lástima
placen 1. location lugarv 2. put poner, colocarphrase 3. take place (occur) tener lugarphrase 4. my place (home) mi casa
plainn 1. field llanuraadj 2. ordinary sencillo/a, comúnphrase 3. It's plain (clear) Está claro
plann 1. scheme planv 2. organise planificar, planearabbrev plane *see aeroplanen planet planetan plant planta
plasticn 1. resinous substance de plásticoadj 2. mouldable plásticon plate (household item) plato
50
platform – pool
platformn 1. on station andénn 2. for diving plataforma, trampolínn platypus ornitorrinco
playn 1. drama obra de teatrov 2. have fun jugarphrase 3. play a game jugar un juegophrase 4. play a CD poner un CDn playground patio (de recreo)adj pleasant agradableint please por favoradj pleased satisfecho/a, contento/an pleasure placern plenty mucho/a
plugn 1. stopper tapónn 2. electrical enchufephr v 3. plug in enchufar
pluraladj 1. more than one en pluraln 2. grammar form pluralprep plus más
pocketn 1. pouch bolsillon 2. pocket money dinero para gastos personalesn poem poema, poesían poet poetan poetry poesía
pointn 1. sharp end puntan 2. reason razón, sentidon 3. numerical value puntov 4. gesture with finger indicar, apuntarphr v 5. point out señalarphrase 6. point of view punto de vistav poke asomar, atizar (el fuego)n pole poste, mástiln police policía
polishn 1. substance used for shining betún, cerav 2. make glossy lustraradj polite cortés, educado/an politics políticav pollute contaminarn pollution contaminaciónn pool (of water) piscina, charco/a
51
poor – preparation
pooradj 1. opposite rich pobreadj 2. not very good escaso/a, pobre, insuficientecolloq 3. pitiable pobreabbrev pop *see popularadj popular popularn population población
positionn 1. location posición, ubicaciónn 2. viewpoint on postura
positiveadj 1. opposite negative positivo/aadj 2. sure positivo/av possess poseern possession bien, posesiónadj possible posiblen possum zarigüeya, oposumv post echar al correo, echar al buzónn postage stamp sello de correosn postcard postaln post office oficina de correosn poster afichen pot (container) maceta, ollan potato papa, patatan pot plant planta (en maceta)n pouch bolsan powder polvo
powern 1. strength poderphrase 2. in power (in charge) ocupar el poderadj powerful poderoso/aphrase power point tomacorrienteadj practical práctico/an practice prácticav practise practicar
praisen 1. approval elogiov 2. express approval elogiarv pray rezar, orarn prayer oración/aadj precious valioso/a, precioso/av prefer preferiradj pregnant embarazadan prejudice prejuicio
premiern 1. state government leader primer ministro (estatal)adj 2. leading principaln preparation preparación
52
prepare – progress
v prepare prepararn preposition preposiciónn prescription (doctor's) receta (médica)
presentn 1. gift regalov 2. give out regalaradj 3. opposite absent presentephrase 4. at present (now) actualmenten president presidente
pressn 1. media prensav 2. push apretar, pulsarv pretend fingir, aparentaradj pretty bonito/av prevent impediradj previous previo/an price preciov prick pincharn pride orgulloadj primary primordialn primary school escuela primarian prime minister primer ministro
principaln 1. school head director/aadj 2. leading principaln principle principio
printv 1. of handwriting escribir con letra de imprentav 2. of machine imprimirn printer (computer) impresoran prison prisiónadj private privado/an prize premion probability probabilidadadj probable probableadv probably probablementen problem problemav proceed avanzar, procedern process proceson procession procesión
producen 1. yield productosv 2. make producirn product producton profession profesiónn professor catedrático/a, profesor/an profit gananciasn program programan progress progreso
53
project – pyjamas
n project (as school project) trabajopromise
n 1. assurance promesav 2. vow prometern pronoun pronombrev pronounce pronunciarn pronunciation pronunciaciónn proof pruebaadj proper correcto/a, apropiado/aadv properly correctamente, debidamenten property propiedadv protect protegern protection protección
protestn 1. objection protestav 2. object protestaradj proud orgulloso/av prove probar, demostrarv provide proporcionar, suministrarn pub baradj public público/an public school escuela públicaphrase public transport transporte público
pullv 1. tug tirar dephr v 2. pull down (demolish) echar abajophr v 3. pull up (stop) levantar, subircolloq phr 4. pull oneself together calmarsen pump bomba, infladoradj punctual puntualv punish castigarn punishment castigo
pupiln 1. eye part pupilan 2. school student alumno/a, discípulo/aadj pure puro/aadj purple morado/a, púrpura
pushv 1. exert force empujarphr v 2. push in (go before your turn) colarse
putv 1. place poner, colocarphr v 2. put away (pack up) guardarphr v 3. put off (delay) aplazarphr v 4. put on (dress in) ponersephr v 5. put out (as fire) apagarphr v 6. put up with (endure) aguantar, soportarn puzzle rompecabezasn pyjamas pijama
54
pyramid – realise
n pyramid pirámide
Qv qualify (make competent) habilitar, facultaradj quality calidadn quantity cantidadv quarrel pelea, riñan quarter cuarta parte, cuarton queen reinan question preguntan queue colaadj quick rápido/aadv quickly rápidamenteadj quiet silencioso/aadv quietly silenciosamentev quit dejar, abandonaradv quite bastante
Rrace
n 1. competition carreran 2. ethnicity razav 3. compete participar en una carreran racism racismon radio radion radius radion railing reja, verjan railway ferrocarril, vía de ferrocarriln rain lluvian rain coat impermeablev raise levantarpt v ran *see runpt v rang *see ringn range gama, variedadv rank clasificaradj rapid rápido/aadj rare raro, poco comúnn rash (skin eruption) sarpullido, erupciónadv rather (to a certain extent) bastante, un pocoadj raw crudo/a
reachv 1. arrive at llegar aphrase 2. out of reach (unobtainable) fuera del alcancev react reaccionarn reaction reacciónv read leeradj ready listo/aadj real realv realise darse cuenta de
55
really – republic
adv really realmente, en realidadadj rear parte de atrásn reason razónv receive (get) recibiradj recent recienten recess (morning tea) recreo, descansocolloq reckon (think or suppose) calcular, creer, opinarv recognise reconocerv record anotar, registrar, grabar
recountn 1. story genre narraciónv 2. narrate narrar
recoverv 1. get back recuperarv 2. get better recuperarn rectangle rectánguloadj red rojo/av reduce reducirv refer referir, remitirn referee árbitron refrigerator refrigerador, heladera, neveran refugee refugiado/av refuse rehusar, rechazarn region regiónv regret lamentaradj regular con regularidad, habitualadv regularly regularmenten relation (kin) parienten relationship relaciónn relative pariente, familiarv relax relajarsen religion religiónv remain quedarse, seguir, continuarn remark comentario, observaciónv remember recordarv remind recordarle a, hacerle acordar an reminder recordatoriov remove quitar
rentn 1. payment for accommodation alquiler, arrendamientov 2. hire alquilar, arrendarv repeat repetirv replace reemplazarv reply responder
reportn 1. written account informev 2. give an account informarn reporter periodista, reportero/an republic república
56
request – ring
requestn 1. petition pedido, peticiónv 2. ask for pedir, solicitarv rescue rescatar
reserven 1. park reservav 2. keep aside reservarn resident residenten respect respeto, respecton responsibility responsabilidadadj responsible responsable
restn 1. relaxation descansov 2. relax descansarn 3. remainder reston restaurant restaurante, restoránn rest room baño, servicion result resultado
returnn 1. arrival back regreso, retornov 2. go back to volver, regresar, retornarv 3. give back to devolverphrase 4. return tickets boleto/billete de ida y vuelta
reverseadj 1. opposite forward marcha atrásv 2. go backwards dar macha atrásv revise modificar, repasar
revolutionn 1. full circle revoluciónn 2. war revoluciónn reward recompensan rhythm ritmon ribbon cintan rice arrozadj rich rico/av rid deshacerse de, quitarv ride ir en (bicicleta, bus, etc.), ir a caballo
rightadj 1. opposite wrong bien, correcto/aadj 2. opposite left derechaadv 3. direction derechon 4. just claim derecho, directamentephrase 5. all right (as for health) muy bienphrase 6. all right (as for agreement) bueno, de acuerdo, valephrase 7. right now (immediately) ahora mismon right angle ángulo recto
ringn 1. jewellery anillov 2. as a phone llamar por teléfono
57
ripe – run
v 3. as a bell sonaradj ripe maduro/a
risen 1. ascent subida, ascenciónv 2. get up subir, ascendern risk riesgon river ríon road calle, carreterav roar rugirn robot robotn rock rocan rockpool posan rod varillapt v rode *see ride
rolln 1. absentee list listan 2. form of bread pancito, panecillov 3. move by turning over rodarn roof techo, tejadon room habitaciónn root raízn rope cuerda
rosen 1. flower rosapt v 2. *see rise
adj rough áspero/a, rugoso/a, agresteround
adj 1. circular redondo/aphrase 2. round the corner a la vuelta de la esquina
rown 1. arrangement in a line filan 2. fight pelea, riñav 3. as a boat remaradj royal realv rub frotarn rubber goman rubbish basuraadj rude maleducado/a, descortésv ruin arruinar
rulen 1. regulation regla, normav 2. as a line trazar con una reglav 3. govern gobernar, reinarn ruler (school equipment) regla
runv 1. move fast correrphrase 2. a river runs into the ocean el río desemboca en el océanophr v 3. run away from escaparsephr v 4. run out of acabarse, quedarse sin
58
rung – scissors
phr v 5. run over (with a car) atropellarn rung (of a ladder) travesañon runner-up segundo puestophrase runny nose gotear la narizv rush prisa, apuro
Sadj sad tristeadj safe seguro/a, a salvopt v said *see say
sailn 1. part of ship velav 2. cause movement of ship navegar
using wind
n salad ensaladan salary sueldo, remuneraciónn sale ventan salt saladj same mismo/an sand arenan sandal sandalian sandwich sándwich, emparedado, bocadillopt v sang *see singpt v sat *see sitn satisfaction satisfacciónadj satisfactory satisfatorio/aadj satisfied satisfecho/av satisfy satisfacern sauce salsan sausage salchicha
savev 1. rescue salvar, socorrerv 2. keep on computer guardar, almacenarv 3. keep as money ahorrar
sawn 1. tool sierra, serruchopt v 2. *see see
v say decirscale
n 1. covering on animals escaman 2. measuring device balanzaadj scarce escaso/an scarf bufandan scene escenan scenery paisajen school escuelan school shoe zapato escolarn science ciencian scissors tijeras
59
score – set
scoren 1. points made in a game resultado, puntajev 2. to get points marcar, obtener (puntos)v scream gritarn screen pantallan screw tornillon sea marn seagull gaviota
searchn 1. the act of searching búsqueda, inspecciónv 2. look for registrar, revisarn season estación (del año)n seat asiento
secondn 1. unit of time segundoadj 2. after first segundo/aadv secondly en segundo lugar
secretn 1. something hidden secretoadj 2. unknown by others secreto/an section secciónv see vern seed semillav seek buscar, tratar de encontraradv seldom rara vezv select seleccionaradj selfish egoístav sell venderv send enviar
sensen 1. one of the five faculties sentidophrase 2. make sense (be intelligible) tener sentidoadj sensible sensato/apt v sent *see sendn sentence oración, sentencia
separateadj 1. disconnected separado/av 2. to keep apart separarn sequence secuencian series serie
seriousadj 1. important serio/a, en serioadj 2. opposite of lighthearted serio/an servant sirvientev serve servirn service servicio
setv 1. to put in a particular place poner, colocarn 2. a group of things juego, conjunto
60
settle – short cut
phr v 3. set off (go) salirphr v 4. set out (put in order) colocar, exponerphr v 5. set up (prepare) preparar
settlev 1. to live in colonizar, poblarphr v 2. settle on (agree on) acordar, fijarn settlement acuerdo, pagon settler colonoadj several varios/asv sew cosern sex sexon sexism sexismon shade sombran shadow sombrav shake agitar, sacudirv shall (verbo auxiliar)adj shallow llano/a, poco profundo/an shame vergüenzan shampoo champún shape forma
sharen 1. portion partev 2. divide up compartir, dividiradj sharp filoso/a, afilado/an sharpener sacapuntasv shave afeitar, afeitarsepron she ellan sheep oveja
sheetn 1. of paper hojan 2. of bedding sábanan shelf estante, repisan shell (of sea) concha, caparazónn shelter refugiov shine brilloadj shiny brillante, lustroso/an ship barcon shirt camisan shock choque, impacton shoe zapatov shoot disparar, tirar
shopn 1. place to buy goods tienda, negociov 2. buy goods comprarn shore orilla, costa
shortadj 1. opposite tall bajo/aadj 2. opposite long corto/an short cut atajo, cortada
61
shorts – skate
n shorts (clothing) shortsshot
n 1. gunfire disparo, balazopt v 2. *see shoot
v should (verbo auxiliar)v shout gritarv shove empujar, meter
showv 1. display mostrarn 2. as on TV programa, showphr v 3. show off (be pretentious) presumir de, jactarse
showern 1. weather condition lluviav 2. wash oneself ducharsen 3. bathroom apparatus duchav shrink encogerv shut cerraradj shy tímido/aadj sick enfermo/an sick bay enfermerían side ladoadv sideways de costadon sight vista
signn 1. information board letrero, cartelv 2. write one's signature firmarn signal señaln signature firman sign language lenguaje por señas, dactilologían silence silencioadj silent silencioso/an silk sedaadj silly tonto/an silver plataadj similar similaradj simple sencillo/a, simplev sing cantaradj single solo/a, soltero/an singlet camisetan singular (grammatical) singular
sinkn 1. tub for washing pileta, lavabo, fregaderov 2. go down hundirsen Sir (respectful form of address) señor, caballero, sirn sister hermanav sit sentarse
skatev 1. glide over the ground patinarn 2. equipment for skating patín
62
skateboard – so
n skateboard skateboard, patinetan skateboarding skate, skateboardingn ski esquín skiing esquíadj skilful hábiln skill habilidad, capacidad, experiencian skin piel
skipv 1. jump brincar, dar saltitosv 2. pass over saltarse, saltearsen skirt falda, polleran sky cielon slang argot, jergav slap dar una bofetada, abofetearn slave esclavov sleep dormiradj sleepy adormilado/a, somnoliento/apt v slept *see sleepn slice rebanadav slide deslizarseadj slim esbelto/a, delgado/an sling cabestrillo, hondav slip resbalar, resbalarsen slipper (type of shoe) zapatilla, pantuflaadj slippery resbaladizo/av slit cortar, hacer un tajon slope cuesta, pendiente
slowadj 1. opposite fast lento/aadj 2. behind time atrasado/aadv slowly lentamenteadj small pequeño/aadj smart (clever) listo/a, inteligentev smash romper, hacer añicos
smelln 1. odour olorv 2. inhale an odour oler
smilen 1. facial expression sonrisav 2. make facial expression sonreir
smoken 1. visible substance from fire humov 2. inhale a substance fumaradj smooth suave, liso/an snack tentempié, refrigerio, comida rápidan snake víbora, serpientev sneeze estornudarn snow nieveconj so (consequently) así que, por lo tanto
63
soap – sphere
n soap jabónn soccer fútboln society sociedadn sock (clothing) calcetín, media
softadj 1. opposite hard blando/aadj 2. opposite loud suave, bajo/aadv softly suavemente, sin hacer ruidopt v sold *see sell
solidadj 1. three dimensional figure sólido/an 2. matter that is not liquid or gas sólido
solutionn 1. answer soluciónn 2. mixture (scientific) soluciónv solve resolver, solucionardet some algunos/asn somebody alguienn someone alguienadv sometimes a veces, algunas vecesn son hijon song canciónadv soon pronto
soreadj 1. painful dolorido/an 2. painful spot llaga, úlceraphrase 3. sore throat dolor de gargantaadj sorry sentir, lamentar, disculparse v sort clasificarn soul alman sound sonidon soup sopaadj sour agrio/a, ácido/an south sur
spacen 1. outside earth's atmosphere espacion 2. room espacion spade palaadj spare de más, de repuestov speak hablaradj special especialn speech habla, discurso
speedn 1. rapidity velocidadv 2. go fast ir a velocidadv spell deletrearv spend gastarpt v spent *see spendn sphere esfera
64
spill – starfish
v spill derramarv spin girar, hacer girarn spirit (soul) espírituv spit escupirv splash salpicarv split partir, rajarv spoil estropear, arruinarpt v spoke *see speakn spoon cucharan sport deporten sports oval campo de deportesn sports shoe calzado deportivo
spotn 1. circular pattern lunarn 2. sore granon 3. place lugarv 4. see encontrarv spread extender, difundir
springn 1. season primaverav 2. jump saltar, brincar
spyn 1. person who keeps secret espía
watch on others
v 2. watch espiarsquare
n 1. plane figure cuadradoadj 2. shaped as a square cuadrado/an staffroom sala de profesoresn stage escenarion stair escalera
stampn 1. as for postage sello, estampillav 2. impress a mark on estampar, dejar la improntav 3. strike with foot dar una patada en
standv 1. take upright position ponerse de pie, levantarsephr v 2. stand back apartarsephr v 3. stand for (signify) significarphr v 4. stand up for (defend) defendercolloq phr 5. I can't stand it (I hate it) No lo aguanto.n standard calidad, nivel
starn 1. astral body estrellan 2. famous actor, singer etc. estrellaadj 3. shape estrellan starfish estrella de mar
65
start – stop
startn 1. beginning comienzov 2. begin comenzar
statev 1. say exponer, plantearn 2. political division estadon statement declaración, afirmación
stationn 1. of railway estación (de ferrocarril)n 2. police station comisarían statue estatuav stay quedarse, permaneceradj steady firme, seguro/an steak filete, churrascov steal robarn steam vaporn steel aceroadj steep empinado/a, abrupto/an stem tallo
stepv 1. move using feet pisar, entrar, salirn 2. stair escalónphrase 3. watch your step (be careful) andar con cuidadon stepbrother hermanastron stepfather padrastron stepmother madrastran stepsister hermanastra
stickv 1. fasten pegar, pegarsen 2. piece of wood palo, varaadj sticky pegajoso/aadj stiff duro/a, tieso/a
stilladv 1. without moving quieto/a, en calmaadv 2. yet aúnv sting picar, arder
stinkn 1. bad odour mal olorv 2. smell very bad apestarv stir revolver, remover, agitarpt v stole *see stealn stomach estómagon stomach-ache dolor de estómagon stone piedrapt v stood *see stand
stopn 1. cessation pausa, paradav 2. halt parar
66
store – suburb
n store tienda, almacénn storey piso, plantan storm tormentan story historia, cuenton stove cocinan stove top hornalla, quemador
straightadj 1. not crooked derecho/aadj 2. not wavy or curly (of hair) lacio/aphrase 3. straight ahead hacia delante, derechov straighten enderezarv strain forzaradj strange extraño/an stranger extraño/a, desconocido/an strawberry frutilla, fresan stream arroyo, riachuelon street callen strength fuerza
stressv 1. put emphasis on enfatizar, recalcarn 2. tension tensión, estrésadj strict estricto/a
strikev 1. hit pegar, golpearn 2. blow golpephrase 3. on strike (not working) huelgan string cordel, piolínn strip tira, franjav stroke acariciaradj strong (powerful) fuerten struggle luchapt v stuck *see stickn student estudiante, alumno/a
studyn 1. room of house estudiov 2. endeavour to acquire estudiar
knowledge
stuffn 1. material cosasv 2. push meteradj stupid estúpido/an style estilo
subjectn 1. course of study asignatura, materian 2. topic teman substance substanciav subtract restarn subtraction restan suburb barrio, suburbio
67
succeed – survey
v succeed conseguirlo, tener éxiton success éxitov suck chupar, aspiraradj sudden repentino/a, súbito/aadv suddenly de repente, de prontov suffer sufrirn sugar azúcarv suggest sugerirn suggestion sugerencia
suitn 1. clothing trajev 2. be appropriate convenir, venir bien, ir bienadj suitable adecuado/a, apropiado/an sum (total) suman summer veranon sun soln sunburn quemadura de soln sunglasses gafas/lentes/anteojos de soln sunhat sombreroadj sunny soleado/an sunscreen filtro solarn sunshine sol
supplyn 1. provisions suministro, provisiónv 2. provide suministrar, abastecer
supportn 1. assistance ayuda, asistenciav 2. provide assistance mantener, sustentarv suppose (assume) suponeradj sure seguro/a
surfn 1. seaswell oleajev 2. ride a surfboard hacer surfn surface superficien surfboard tabla de surfn surfer surfista
surgeryn 1. doctor's room consultorion 2. operation by doctor cirugían surname apellido
surprisen 1. unexpected event sorpresav 2. catch unprepared sorprenderadj 3. unexpected sorpresa, sorpresivo/av surrender rendirse, entregarsev surround rodear
surveyn 1. poll encuesta, sondeov 2. ask questions of encuestar, hacer un sondeo
68
survival – tame
n survival supervivenciav survive sobrevivirn swagman caminante, errantev swallow tragarpt v swam *see swim
swearv 1. use bad language decir palabrotas, insultar, jurarv 2. take oath of truth jurarv sweep barreradj sweet dulcen sweet corn maíz, choclon sweet potato batata, boniato, camotev swim nadarn swimmer nadador/an swimming nataciónn swimming carnival campeonato de nataciónn swimming costume traje de baño
swingv 1. sway columpiarse, hamacarsen 2. play equipment columpio, hamaca
switchn 1. device for turning on/off llave, interruptorv 2. change cambiar de, intercambiaradj swollen hinchado/aphrase swollen ankle tobillo hinchadon sword espada
Ttable
n 1. furniture mesan 2. list tablan table tennis ping pongn tablet (medication) tabletan tail cola
takev 1. seize tomarv 2. last for (as time) tomar, llevarphr v 3. take away (mathematical) menos, restarphr v 4. take away (remove) llevarsephr v 5. take away (fast food) para llevarphr v 6. take off (as clothing) quitarsephr v 7. take off (as plane) despegarn tale cuento, relato
talkn 1. conversation conversaciónv 2. converse conversaradj tall alto/aadj tame manso/a
69
tan – terrific
tanv 1. sunbake broncearseadj 2. colour bronceado/a, tostado/a, habanon tank tanquen tap (as for water) llave, grifo, canillav tape (record) grabarn task tarea
tastev 1. sample probarphrase 2. the food tastes good la comida sabe bienadj tasty sabroso/apt v taught *see teachn tax impueston taxi taxi
tean 1. beverage tén 2. dinner cenav teach enseñarn teacher maestro/a, profesor/an teacher's aide asistente escolarn team equipo
tearv 1. rip rasgarn 2. liquid from the eye lágrimav tease burlarse, tomar el pelon technology tecnologían teenager adolescente
telephonen 1. device for phoning teléfonov 2. ring llamar por teléfonon telephone booth cabina telefónican telescope telescopio
televisionn 1. receiver for broadcasts televisorabbrev 2. TV
v tell decirn temper carácter, genion temperature temperaturan temple temploadj temporary temporal, temporario/an tennis tenisn tent carpa, tienda
termn 1. a period of time período, trimestren 2. a naming word términoadj terrible espantoso/a, terribleadj terrific tremendo/a, genial
70
test – tie
testn 1. examination examen, pruebav 2. check examinar, probarn text texto
thankv 1. express appreciation agradecerphrase 2. give thanks dar graciasint 3. thank you (polite expression gracias
of gratitude)
thatpron 1. indicator of person or thing ésa, éseconj 2. used as subject of que
relative clause
det the el, la, los, lasn theatre teatropron their su, suspron them los, las, les, ellos, ellasadv then entoncesadv there ahí, allí, alláconj therefore por lo tanton thermometer termómetropron they ellos, ellasadj thick grueso/a, espeso/an thief ladrón/onaadj thin delgado/av think pensarn thong (footwear) ojota, chancleta, sandalia
thoughtn 1. idea pensamientopt v 2. *see think
threadn 1. cotton hilo, hebrav 2. put through eye of needle enhebrarpt v threw *see throwprep through (from one side por, atravesar
to another)
v throw tirar, lanzarn thumb pulgarn thunder truenon thunderstorm tormenta eléctricaadv thus así, de este modov tick (indicate correctness) tildar, marcar (con un visto)n ticket billete, boleton tide mareaadj tidy ordenado/a, prolijo/a
tien 1. clothing corbatav 2. fasten atarn 3. equal place empate
71
tight – town
adj tight ajustado/a, ceñido/av tilt inclinar
timen 1. measurement of duration tiempophrase 2. in time (not late) a tiempophrase 3. on time (at the appointed time) a su hora, en hora, puntualmentephrase 4. at times a vecesphrase 5. a good time un buen rato (divertirse)phrase 6. take your time (don't rush) tómate el tiempo que quieras,
hazlo con calmaphrase 7. What's the time? ¿Qué hora es?phrase 8. two times four (mathematical) dos por cuatron timetable horario
tipn 1. hint consejo prácticon 2. rubbish dump vertedero, basurerov 3. tilt inclinarsen 4. pointed extremity puntaphr v 5. tip over (spill) volcar, caersen tissue pañuelo de papel, tejidon title títuloprep to a, hacian today hoyn toe dedo (del pie)adv together juntos/asn toilet baño, serviciopt v told *see telln tomato tomaten tomorrow mañanan tongue lenguapt v took *see taken tool herramientan tooth diente, muelan toothache dolor de muelas
topn 1. highest point parte superior, parte de arriban 2. clothing blusa, suéter, etc. n topic temapt v tore *see tear
totaln 1. complete amount totalv 2. add up sumar, totalizarv touch tocarn tour gira, visita, recorridov tow remolcarprep towards hacian towel toallan tower torren town pueblo
72
toy – turn
n toy juguetev trace calcar, localizarn track (pathway) pistan tracksuit equipo deportivon tractor tractor
traden 1. exchange of commodities comerciov 2. carry on trade comerciarn traffic tráfico, tránsito
trainn 1. means of transport trenv 2. practise entrenar
trapn 1. device for catching things trampav 2. catch atraparn trapezium trapeciov travel viajarv tread pisarv treat (as a disease) tratarn tree árbolv tremble temblarn triangle triángulophrase triangular prism prisma triangularn tribe tribuv trick trampa, broma, trucov trim recortar
tripn 1. journey viajev 2. fall over tropezaradj tropical tropical
troublen 1. problem problemav 2. cause worry preocupar, inquietarphr 3. in trouble with en problemas conn trousers pantalónn truck camiónadj true verdadn trunk (as of elephant) trompa
tryn 1. attempt intentophrase 2. try hard esforzarse, tratar por todos lo mediosphr v 3. try on (as for clothing) probarsephr v 4. try out for (audition for) presentarse a (una prueba)n T-shirt camisetan tub tina, bañeran tube tubo
turnv 1. move around girar
73
twice – urge
n 2. action following someone turnoelse's
phr v 3. turn into (become) transformar, convertirphr v 4. turn off (switch off) apagar, cerrarphr v 5. turn on encender, abrirphr v 6. turn up (arrive) llegar, apareceradv twice dos vecesv twist retorcer
typen 1. kind tipov 2. use a machine to write escribir a máquinan tyre neumático
Uadj ugly feo/an umbrella paraguas, sombrillan uncle tíoadj unconscious inconscienteprep under debajo dev undergo sufrir, pasar por (cambios)adj underground subterráneo/av underline subrayaradv underneath debajo den underpants calzoncillosv understand entenderpt v understood *see understandn underwear ropa interiorv undo deshaceradj unemployed desempleado/a, desocupado/an uniform uniformen union unión
unitn 1. type of housing apartamenton 2. measurement unidadv unite unirn universe universon university universidadprep until hastaadj unusual poco comúnprep up (to a higher place) subirprep upon (up and on) sobre, encimaadj upper superioradj upright vertical, derecho/a, erguido/aadj upset disgustado/aadj upside-down al revés, cabeza abajoadv upstairs arriba, subirv urge exhortar, instar
74
urgent – wall
adj urgent urgentepron us nos, nosotros/as
usen 1. the act of using usov 2. employ usaradj used (not new) usado/a
Vn vaccination vacunaadj vain vanidoso/a, vano/an valley valleadj valuable valioso/a
valuen 1. worth valorv 2. to hold in high esteem valorarn van (truck) camioneta, furgonetan variety variedadv vary variaradj various diversos/asn vegetable verdura, vegetaln vegetable garden huertan vegetarian vegetariano/an vehicle vehículon verandah galería, terraza, verandan verb verboadv very muyabbrev vet *see veterinariann veterinarian veterinarion video (recording) videon view vistan village pueblo, aldeaadj violent violento/an violin violínv visit visitarn visitor visitan voice vozn volleyball (game) vóleiboln volume volumenv vote voton vowel vocaln voyage viaje, travesía
Wn wage salariov wait esperarv wake despertar, despertarsev walk caminarn walkway pasillo, pasaje, pasadizon wall pared, muro
75
wallaby – Web
n wallaby wallaby, ualabín wallet billeterav wander pasear, deambularv want querern war guerran waratah waratahn wardrobe armario, roperoadj warm (opposite cool) tibio/aadj warm-blooded de sangre calientev warn advertirn warning advertenciapt v was *see be
washv 1. clean with water lavarphr v 2. wash up (of dishes) lavar, fregarn washing machine (clothes) lavarropas
wastev 1. employ uselessly desperdiciarn 2. rejected products desperdicio
watchn 1. timepiece relojv 2. look at mirarphr v 3. watch out (be careful) tener cuidado
watern 1. liquid aguav 2. moisten regarn watermelon sandían wattle tree acacia
waven 1. swell of water olav 2. make a hand signal decir adiós (con la mano)adj wavy ondulado/an wax cera
wayn 1. road caminophrase 2. a long way quedar muy lejosphrase 3. a good way buena formaphrase 4. give way ceder el pasopron we nosotros/asadj weak débiln wealth riquezasadj wealthy adinerado/an weapon arma
wearv 1. erode desgastarv 2. put on (as for clothing) vestirn web (as for spider) telaabbrev Web *see World Wide Web
76
wedding – width
n wedding boda, casamienton week semanav weigh pesarn weight peso
welcomen 1. a kind greeting bienvenido/aint 2. You're welcome! De nada. No hay de qué.
(polite response to thank you)
welln 1. hole in earth pozoadj 2. in good health bienadv 3. in a satisfactory manner bienint 4. Well! (expresses relief, pause) pues, buenoint 5. Well done! ¡Muy bien!pt v went *see gopt v were *see ben west oeste
wetv 1. moisten mojar, humedeceradj 2. opposite dry mojado/apron what (interrogative) quén wheel ruedapron when (interrogative) cuándoconj whenever siempre quepron where (interrogative) dónde
which pron 1. what one of a number cuál, cuáles
(interrogative)
pron 2. relative (refers to something el/la cual, los/las cualespreviously mentioned)
conj while mientrasn whip fusta, látigov whisper susurrar, cuchichear
whistlev 1. make a musical sound silbarn 2. equipment used to make silbato, pito
a sound
adj white blanco/an whiteboard pizarra blanca
whopron 1. interrogative quién, quiénespron 2. relative pronoun quienadj whole entero/aadv why por quéadj wicked malvado/aadj wide ancho/an widow viudan widower viudon width ancho, anchura
77
wild – write
adj wild salvaje, silvestrewill
v 1. auxiliary used in future tense (verbo auxiliar)n 2. declaration of wishes on testamento
one's death
n 3. choice of one's actions voluntadv win ganar
windn 1. movement of air vientov 2. turn in a circular way hacer girarcolloq phr 3. wind up (finish) terminarphr v 4. wind up (as a clock) darle cuerdan windmill molino de vienton window ventanan window sill alféizaradj windy ventoso/an wing alan winter inviernov wipe limpiar, pasar un trapon wire alambreadj wise sensato/a, sabio/an wish deseoprep with conv withdraw (as for money) retirarn witness testigopt v woke *see waken woman mujern wombat wombatpt v won *see winv wonder preguntarse, maravillarsen wood maderan woodwork trabajo de carpinterían wool lanan word palabrapt v wore *see wear
workn 1. labour trabajov 2. carry out labour trabajarv 3. be operational funcionarphr v 4. work out (solve) resolvern world mundon World Wide Web World Wide Web v worry preocuparseadv worse peorn worth valorv wrap envolverv wring escurrir, retorcern wrist muñecav write escribir
78
wrong – zucchini
adj wrong (incorrect) mal, equivocado/apt v wrote *see writeabbrev www *see World Wide Web
Xn x-ray rayos X
Yn yacht yaten yard patiov yawn bostezarn year añoadj yellow amarillo/aint yes sín yesterday ayerpron you tú, ustedadj young jovenpron your (possessive) su, sus
Zn zone zonan zoo zoológicon zucchini calabacín, zapallito
79
Appendix 1
Numerals and Ordinals
Symbol Numeral Ordinal
1 one first
2 two second
3 three third
4 four fourth
5 five fifth
6 six sixth
7 seven seventh
8 eight eighth
9 nine ninth
10 ten tenth
11 eleven eleventh
12 twelve twelfth
13 thirteen thirteenth
14 fourteen fourteenth
15 fifteen fifteenth
16 sixteen sixteenth
17 seventeen seventeenth
18 eighteen eighteenth
19 nineteen nineteenth
20 twenty twentieth
30 thirty thirtieth
40 forty fortieth
50 fifty fiftieth
60 sixty sixtieth
70 seventy seventieth
80 eighty eightieth
90 ninety ninetieth
100 one hundred one hundredth
1000 one thousand one thousandth
10000 ten thousand ten thousandth
100000 one hundred thousand one hundred thousandth
1000000 one million one millionth
80
Appendix 2
Common Countries/States and their Adjectival Forms
Country/State Adjectival Form Country/State Adjectival Form
Afghanistan Afghani Japan Japanese
Argentina Argentinian Korea Korean
Bangladesh Bangladeshi Kosovo Kosovar
Bolivia Bolivian Kurdistan Kurdish
Brazil Brazilian Laos Laotian
Bulgaria Bulgarian Lebanon Lebanese
Cambodia Cambodian Macedonia Macedonian
Chile Chilean Malaysia Malaysian
China Chinese Nigeria Nigerian
Colombia Colombian Pakistan Pakistani
Cook Islands Cook Islanders Peru Peruvian
Croatia Croatian Philippines Filipino
East Timor East Timorese Poland Polish
Ecuador Ecuadorian Portugal Portuguese
Egypt Egyptian Russia Russian
El Salvador El Salvadorian Samoa Samoan
Eritrea Eritrean Serbia Serbian
Ethiopia Ethiopian Somalia Somalian
Fiji Fijian Sudan Sudanese
Ghana Ghanian Syria Syrian
Greece Greek Taiwan Taiwanese
Hungary Hungarian Thailand Thai
India Indian Tonga Tongan
Indonesia Indonesian Turkey Turkish
Iran Iranian Ukraine Ukrainian
Iraq Iraqi Uruguay Uruguayan
Israel Israeli Venezuela Venezuelan
Italy Italian Vietnam Vietnamese
81
Appendix 3
Common Irregular Verbs
Base Form Past Tense Past participle
awake awoke awokenbe was, were beenbeat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet bet betbid bid bidbite bit bittenblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtburn burned/burnt burned/burntbuy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came comecost cost costcut cut cutdig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
drive drove drivendrink drank drunkeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozenget got gottengive gave givengo went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held held
82
Common Irregular Verbs (continued)
Base Form Past Tense Past participle
hurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew known
lay laid laid
lead led ledlearn learned/learnt learned/learntleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidput put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold sold
send sent sent
show showed showed/shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat satsleep slept sleptspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stoodswim swam swumtake took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told think thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understood
wake woke wokenwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written
83
Analog time 24 hour time
12.00am 12 o'clock; midnight 00:00 zero zero hundred hours
1.00am 1 o'clock 01:00 zero one hundred hours
2.00am 2 o'clock 02:00 zero two hundred hours
3.00am 3 o'clock 03:00 zero three hundred hours
4.00am 4 o'clock 04:00 zero four hundred hours
5.00am 5 o'clock 05:00 zero five hundred hours
6.00am 6 o'clock 06:00 zero six hundred hours
7.00am 7 o'clock 07:00 zero seven hundred hours
8.00am 8 o'clock 08:00 zero eight hundred hours
9.00am 9 o'clock 09:00 zero nine hundred hours
10.00am 10 o'clock 10:00 ten hundred hours
11.00am 11 o'clock 11:00 eleven hundred hours
12.00pm 12 o'clock; midday; noon 12:00 twelve hundred hours
1.00pm 1 o'clock 13:00 thirteen hundred hours
2.00pm 2 o'clock 14:00 fourteen hundred hours
3.00pm 3 o'clock 15:00 fifteen hundred hours
4.00pm 4 o'clock 16:00 sixteen hundred hours
5.00pm 5 o'clock 17:00 seventeen hundred hours
6.00pm 6 o'clock 18:00 eighteen hundred hours
7.00pm 7 o'clock 19:00 nineteen hundred hours
8.00pm 8 o'clock 20:00 twenty hundred hours
9.00pm 9 o'clock 21:00 twenty one hundred hours
10.00pm 10 o'clock 22:00 twenty two hundred hours
11.00pm 11 o'clock 23:00 twenty three hundred hours
Appendix 4
Times
half past three3.30am or 3.30pm
zero two forty five zero three hundred hours zero three fifteen zero three thirty
84
Examples of quarter and half hours (24 hour time)
quarter to three2.45am or 2.45pm
three o'clock3.00am or 3.00pm
quarter past three3.15am or 3.15pm
Examples of quarter and half hours (analog)
Bibliography
Australian Learners Dictionary, 1997, National Centre for English Language Teachingand Research, Macquarie University, NSW.
Horton, D. (ed.) 1994, The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal TorresStrait Islander History, Society and Culture, vols 1-2, Aboriginal Studies Press,Canberra.
The Macquarie Dictionary, 1997, 3rd edn, Macquarie University, NSW.
My First Macquarie Dictionary, 1987, Jacaranda Press, Sydney.
NSW Department of School Education. 1994, New Arrivals Dictionaries, 16 vols, Disadvantaged Schools Program, Erskineville.
Oxford Elementary Learner's Dictionary, 1994, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press,Oxford.
Weight (mass) Length Volume
1000 milligrams = 1 gram 1000 millimetres = 1 metre 1000 millilitres = 1 litre
1000 grams = 1 kilogram 100 centimetres = 1 metre 1000 litres = 1 cubic metre
1000 kilograms = 1 metric tonne 1000 metres = 1 kilometre
Appendix 6
Weights and measures
Days
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Months
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Units of time
60 seconds = 1 minute
60 minutes = 1 hour
24 hours = 1 day
7 days = 1 week
4 weeks = 1 month
12 months = 1 year
4 years = 1 leap year
10 years = 1 decade
100 years = 1 century
1000 years = 1 millenium
85
Appendix 5
Days of the week/Months of the year/Units of time