AGRICULTURAL REFORMS IN INDIA

BY:-DHIRENDRA RAJPUT

vikramthadeshvar@hotmail.com

Agriculture in IndiaAgriculture in India• Largest and one of the most

Prominent sector in economy.• Agriculture and Forestry, Logging,

Fishing accounted for 16.6% of the GDP in 2007.

• Employs 60% of India’s population.• Accounts for 8.56% of India’s exports.• About 43% of India's geographical

area is used for agricultural activity• Decline of its share in the GDP.• Monsoons play a critical role in

agriculture.

vikramthadeshvar@hotmail.comvikramthadeshvar@hotmail.com

History of Indian AgricultureHistory of Indian Agriculture

• By 6th millennium BC, Wheat and some legumes were found in Indus valley.

• By 4000 BC, wheat, peas, dates and mangoes.• By 3500 BC, cotton and cotton textiles were

found in the valley.• By 3000 BC, rice and sugar cane had started.• By 2500 BC, rice was an important component

of the staple diet in Mohenjodaro.• By 2000 BC, tea, bananas and apples were

being cultivated.

vikramthadeshvar@hotmail.comvikramthadeshvar@hotmail.com

Agricultural MovementsAgricultural Movements Green Revolution

• After independence, govt. took steps to increase the food production.

• Yields per unit area of all crops grew since 1950.

• In 1970s saw a huge increase in India’s wheat production.

• Reasons were improvement in irrigation, technology, application of modern agricultural practices and provision of agricultural credit and subsidies.

• M.S. Swami Nathan is considered as the architect of the Green Revolution.

vikramthadeshvar@hotmail.comvikramthadeshvar@hotmail.com

Agricultural Movements (contd.)Agricultural Movements (contd.)

• It was the name of a rural development programme• Started by National Dairy Development Board

(NDDB) in 1970.• Objective was creating a nation wide milk grid.• Movement followed the Green Revolution and

alleviating poverty and famine levels.• India became the largest producer of milk and milk

products.• Hence, also known as White Revolution of India.

Operation Flood

vikramthadeshvar@hotmail.comvikramthadeshvar@hotmail.com

PPRODUCTIONRODUCTION

• Largest producer in the world of milk, cashew nuts, coconuts, tea, ginger, turmeric and black pepper.

• World’s largest cattle population (193 million).

• Second in world in farm output.• Second largest producer of wheat,

rice, sugar, groundnut and fish.• It is the 3rd largest producer of

tobacco. • Accounts for 10% of the world fruit

production.

vikramthadeshvar@hotmail.comvikramthadeshvar@hotmail.com

PPRODUCTION (contd.)RODUCTION (contd.)

Commodity Output per acreNational average 0.29

Sugarcane 26.15

Potato 6.32

Wheat 0.84

Rice 0.70

Corn 0.64

Groundnut 0.37

Soya bean 0.32

vikramthadeshvar@hotmail.comvikramthadeshvar@hotmail.com

Factors for low productivityFactors for low productivity

• Illiteracy, reforms and inadequate or inefficient finance and marketing services for farm products.

• Average size of land holdings is very small.

• Adoption of modern agricultural practices and use of technology is inadequate.

• Irrigation facilities are inadequate.

vikramthadeshvar@hotmail.comvikramthadeshvar@hotmail.com

Thank You

vikramthadeshvar@hotmail.comvikramthadeshvar@hotmail.com