Agency Report: Indian Earth Observation

Programme

Nitant Dube

Space Applications Centre

Indian Space Research Organisation

Presentation to CEOS – WGISS-41, Canberra Australia, March 2016

Indian EO Programme: The Uniqueness

• Vibrant Space Segment: Constellation of Satellites

• Resourcesat, Cartosat, Oceansat

• Strong Ground Mechanisms

• Effective Institutional Framework - NNRMS

• Enabling infrastructure – Processing, Generation

and dissemination of information

• Observational Network

• Goals

o Provide continuity of data, also with enhanced

capabilities

o Conduct periodic natural resources inventory & enable

the national spatial data infrastructure

o Maximize outreach of natural resources information

o Enable ocean state forecasting and improved weather

forecasting; information needs for disaster monitoring

and mitigation

• Thematic Satellites Series

• Operational Indian Remote Sensing Satellites

• National missions on various themes

• GIS databases for decision support

• Integrated mission for sustainable development

• IRS utilisation prorgramme

• Joint experiments programme

• Bhaskara utilisation - first user programme

• Landsat data utilisation - experimental applications

• Landsat station – 1979

• Coconut wilt - helicopter images

The Evolution

1991

1988

1995 1996

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010

20112012

2013

IRS-1A : LISS-1 & 2

IRS-1C : LISS-3, PAN & WiFS

IRS-P3 : WiFS, MOS, X-Ray

OCEANSAT-1 : OCM & MSMR

TES : PAN

IRS-1A : LISS-1 & 2

IRS-1D : LISS-3, PAN & WiFS

RESOURCESAT-1 :LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS

CARTOSAT-2: PAN

CARTOSAT-1: PAN stereo

RISAT-2 : X-SAR

RESOURCESAT-2: LISS 3, LISS 4, AWiFS

CARTOSAT-2A : PAN

CARTOSAT-2B : PAN

RISAT-1 : C-SAR

OCEANSAT-2: OCM, SCAT, ROSA

MEGHA-TROPIQUES: SAPHIR, SCARAB & MADRAS

27 Years since IRS-1A

1994IRS-P2: LISS- 2

IMS-1: Mx, HySI

SARALINSAT-3DImager, Sounder

Currently Operational EO Missions

MEGHA-TROPIQUES

INSAT-3AOCEANSAT-2

SARALRISAT-1

RESOURCESAT-2 CARTOSAT-2

CARTOSAT-1

KALPANA

INSAT-3D

LAND & WATER HIGH RESOLUTION OCEAN WEATHER; CLIMATE

LISS-3, LISS-4, AWiFS

C-Band SAR

0.8 m PAN

2.5m PAN stereo

OCM, Scat, Rosa

Ka-Altimeter

MADRAS, SCARAB, SAPHIR,

ROSA

Imager, Sounder

VHRR, CCD

VHRR

CRITERIA FOR PLANNING EO MISSIONS

• Ensuring Data Continuity for Operational Applications

• Improvements in Observations/ Data Services based on User’s feedback

• Enabling R&D Applications by providing newer observational capability

• Technology Development / Demonstration

• Collaboration through International Cooperation

Mission

Expected Launch

Specifications Applications

SCATSAT-1

Orbit : 720 km

Jun 2016

Ku-band Scatterometer (SCAT)

Frequency: 13.51 GHz

Swath: 1400 km swath

Products: 50 km x 50 km

Weather forecasting

Ocean State Forecast

Cyclone detection and tracking

services

RESOURCESAT-2A

Orbit : 817 km ECT: 1030

July 2016

LISS-4 (3 Xs) – 5.8 m, 70 km swath

LISS-3 (4 Xs) – 23.5m , 141 km swath

AWiFS (4 Xs) – 56 m, 700 km swath

Continuity for Resourcesat-2

Natural resources Management

& monitoring

Disaster Management Support

INSAT-3DR

Orbit : 36000 km (GEO)

Every 30 min

July 2016

6 channel Imager (Visible, MIR, WV, TIR

and SWIR)

19 channel Sounder (18 narrow spectral

channels in 3 IR bands, 1 channel in

visible band)

Ensuring Data Continuity for

operational weather forecast

Cloud motion vector, improved

SST, vertical profile of

temperature and humidity.

Future EO Missions

Mission

Expected Launch

Specifications Applications

CARTOSAT-2E

Orbit : 500 km ECT: 0930

Mar 2017

Panchromatic: 0.65m/ 10 km swath

Multispectral (4 Xs), 2.0 m/10km swath

Cartography and Large Scale

Mapping

Urban Planning & Infrastructure

Development

Micro watershed Development

Cadastral level applications

GISAT-1

Orbit : 36000 km (GEO)

Every 30 min

Dec 2017

MX (4 Xs VNIR), 50 m/ 470km swath

HySi (60 Xs VNIR), 320m/ 160 km swath

HySi (150 Xs SWIR),192m/ 190 km swath

MX (3 Xs TIR), 1.5 km/ 470 km Swath

Quick monitoring of Events,

Disasters, natural hazards and

calamities & episodic events

CARTOSAT-3

Orbit : 450 km ECT: 1030

Mar 2018

Panchromatic: 0.25m/ 16 km swath

Multispectral (4 Xs), 1.0 m/16km swath

Cartography and Large Scale

Mapping at 1:2000 scale

Urban Planning & Infrastructure

Development

Micro watershed Development

Cadastral level applications

Future EO Missions

Mission

Expected Launch

Specifications Applications

RISAT-1A

Orbit : 536 km ECT: 0600

Sep 2018

C-BAND SAR (5.35 GHz frequency)

Imaging Modes:

Stripmap: 3-6m / 25km Swath

ScanSAR: 25m/50m, 120/ 240 km Swath,

Spotlight: 10x100km or 10x 10km spot;

Resolution of 1m x 0.7m;

Single, dual, hybrid Polarization

Imaging during all weather

conditions

Crop acreage and production

estimate

Disaster Management Support

Oceansat 3 & 3A

Orbit : 720 km ECT: 1200

July 2018 & Aug 2019

Ocean Color Monitor (OCM), 13 Band,

360m resolution, 1400 km swath

2 Band Long Wave Infrared, 1080m

resolution, 1400km swath

Ku-band Scatterometer; 13.51 GHz, 1400

km swath

Oceanographic applications

like PFZ, Ocean State

Forecast, Total suspended

sediments

Wind vector data

RS Sampler – 3S & 3SA

Orbit : 637 km ECT: 1030

Jan 2019 & July 2019

Two number of Pan cameras

1.25m/ 60km swath

Multispectral (4 Xs), 2.5 m, 60km

HR DEM for contour generation

Design of Rail / Road

alignments

Drainage Network

Landslide zonation

Future EO Missions

DUAL FREQUENCY(L&S BAND) RADAR IMAGING SATELLITE

• Design & Development of Dual frequency Radar Imaging Satellite jointly by ISRO & NASA;

• Explore newer application areas using L and S band microwave data;• Launch by India’s GSLV in 2020.

ISRO’s responsibilities:

• Design and development of S-band SAR

• Satellite bus

• Ka band data transmission system

• Integration of the payload with satellite

• Launch of the satellite

• In-orbit operations of the satellite

JPL responsibilities:

• Design and development of L-band SAR

• 12 m antenna with deployment mechanism

• Ultra-precision GPS system

• Navigation support and GPS data analysis

• 4 Terabits capacity Solid State Recorder

• Integration of antenna & transmitter

LAUNCH

2019 – 2020

On board GSLV

SWEEP SAR SYSTEM

MAJOR SCIENCE APPLICATION

• Agriculture Biomass and Forest Biomass estimation

• Soil Moisture

• Mountain / glacier snow; Mountain Glacier dynamics

• Land Subsidence & Landslide

• Coastal erosion & High tide lines

• Floods, Oil slick, Forest fires

• Inter seismic strain; Co-seismic deformation

• Ice sheet dynamics; Sea Ice thickness & dynamics

….. NNRMS integrates data/info from Remote Sensing into the National/ Regional/ Local systems with appropriate technical, managerial and organisational linkages

– NNRMS Mandate (1985)

NNRMS Standing

Committees

Chair: Secretaries of

Govt. of India

• Agriculture & Soils

• Water Resources

• Bio-resources &

Environment

• Geology & Mineral

• Rural Development

• Urban Development

• Oceanography &

Meteorology

• Cartography

• Training & Technology

National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS)

Planning Committee

- NNRMS Standing Committees

Central and State

Agencies

SNRMS

State RS Centres

Academic/Research Institutes

NGOs/Voluntary

Organizations

Private Enterprise

DOS Centres NRSC, SAC,

RRSSCs ,

NE -SACNational Natural

Resources Management

System (NNRMS)

Standing Committees

Central and State

Agencies

SNRMS

State RS Centres

Academic/Research Institutes

NGOs/Voluntary

Organizations

Private Enterprise

DOS Centres

National Natural Resources

Management System (NNRMS)

Food and Water

Security

Disaster Management

Support

Environment and

Ecosystem

Infrastructure

Development

Weather & Climate

Studies

National Priorities

Potential Fisheries Zone (PFZ)

Forecast

• Fish catch doubled,

• Reduced search time by 60%

• fuel cost by abut 30%

Fisheries

Area & Production estimation

for 8 major crops

• In-season multiple forecast

• Satellite data + agro-

meteorology + market

economics

Agriculture

Groundwater prospect

zones & Recharge Sites

• 90 -95% Success rate for

Bore wells

• Increased Water level

Drinking Water

Watershed DevelopmentBetter productivity potential &

improved livelihood

• Soil & Water Conservation

• Enhanced cropping yield

• Decrease in fallow lands

Monitoring Irrigation InfrastructureInventory & Mapping of

Irrigation Infrastructure

• Assessment of gaps in

irrigation potential created

and its utilization at the

ground level.

Space Applications in Diversified Areas

NR Census

Periodic Inventory of Natural

Resources

Land use , Soil, Geomorphology

Wetland, Land degradation ,

Snow & Glaciers , Vegetation

• Geospatial database

• Asset mapping & Activity

Planning

• Implementation & Monitoring

• Decision Making at local level

Multi scale (10K, 2K) hierarchical

Urban Geospatial database

• In support of Urban Planning,

Infrastructure development, e-

governance.

•National Urban Info. System

Monitoring of Glaciers and Snow

cover area

• Glacier Retreat

• Snow-melt Runoff Forecasting

• Input to Climate Change

Snow & Glaciers

Space Applications in Diversified Areas

Forestry

Assessment of forest cover on

a two-year cycle

• Plan conservation measures

• Rapid Forest Mapping to

identify hot spot areas

• Space based Weather parameters

& Essential Climate Variables

• Assimilation into model for

improved weather prediction.

• Ocean State forecast

• Sea Surface Temperature

• Sea Surface Heights

• Heat wave predictions

Weather & Climate

Decentralized Planning at Panchayats

Disaster Management Support System

Observational SystemsSatellite (GEO, LEO, All-

weather), Aerial, Ground

Single-Window for

Services Delivery

DMS-DSC

Multi-tier databases

with query/ decision tools

Secured Commn

Fixed/ VPN, Mobile ..

Nat’l Control Room +Decision Makers

DMS-DSC + Institutions

Vulnerable Villages

State HQ/ Control Rooms

Inundation monitoringDamage assessmentHazard zonationBank erosion studies

Flood

Monthly & End-of-Season Agri Drought Assessment

Drought

Inundation mapping Damage assessment

Damage AssessmentHazard zonation

Damage Assessment

Earthquake

Active fire detectionDamage assessment

Forest Fire

Cyclone

Landslide

Disasters - Operationally addressed

Space Technology in mitigating Disasters

Post-Flood

Image

Flood Inundation

Flood Inundation

Flood Inundation

Bogolipather *

* Demow

June 29, 2012

Pre-Flood

Image

Bogolipather *

* Demow

Feb, 2012

Monitoring of

Flood

EO - Information Services

Bhuvan NRSC EO Open Data Archive

Natural Resources Database Water Resource Information

www.nrsc.gov.in

www.dataportal.isro.gov.in

Online Shape file Creation

Terrain Profile & 3D Fly Through

Urban Design Tools

Multi-Lingual (English | Hindi | Tamil| Telugu | Gujarati | Marati | Kannada

Downloads (CartoDEM, AWiFS , LISS III Ortho)

Uniqueness of Bhuvan

Bhuvan –

A Unique Gateway to Indian EO Data & Services

VisualizationData Archive

Thematic Services Projects Availability of Seamless High Resolution

& Multi-Sensor Data from IRS Satellites

2D and 3D Visualisation tools

Rich Thematic Information

Weather & Ocean Services

Collaboration /Community Participation

OGC Web Services

www.bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in

• Serves Meteorology and oceanography to scientific community with Indian/

International Satellite/ In-situ data.

• INSAT-3A/ Kalpana Satellite data along with metadata. Automatic Weather Stations

data are made available to users

Meteorological & Oceanographic

Satellite Data Archival Centre (MOSDAC)

http://www.mosdac.gov.in