Affixes

ROOTS•It is the main part of a word•Must be at least one in one word.•Word part from which other words grow, through addition of affixes.

Kinds of Roots1.Free roots• can stand alone to function as words.Ex.: recollect, bilingual, international, attractive2. Bound roots• cannot stand alone to function as words because they

are no longer used in Modern English.Ex. : receive, reduce, internet

Affixes-subordinate part of a word

Prefix

List of common prefixesPrefix Meaning Example

a-, an- without amoral, atypicalante- before antecedent, antenatalanti- against anti-establishmentauto- self autopilotcircum- around circumventco- with co-conspirator, co-pilotcom-, con- with contactcontra- against contradictionde- off delist, devaluedis- not Disappearen- put into enclose,

Common Prefixesex- out of, former extract, ex-governorextra- beyond, more than extracurricularhetero- different heterosexualhomo- same homonym, homophonehyper- over, more hyperactiveil-, im-, in-, ir- not, without illegal, impractical,

inconsiderate, irresponsiblein- into insertinter- between intersection,intra- inside intranet, intravenousmacro- large macronutrientsmicro- small microscopemono- one monoblock

Common Prefixesnon- not, without nonentity, nonstarter,

omni- all, every omnipresent, omniscientpost- after post-testpre-, pro- before, forward Precede, pre-nuptialsub- under submarine, substandardsyn- same time synchronize

super- above superhero, superhumantrans- across Transgender,

tri- three tripod, triangleun- not undone, unfinished,uni- one Uniform,

Suffix

List of common suffixesSuffix Meaning Example

-able, -ible can be done comfortable, passable-al, -ial having the characteristics of personal

-ed past-tense verbs (weak verbs) danced, jumped

-en made of golden, wooden-er comparative prettier, nicer-er, -or one who actor, narrator, worker, teacher-est superlative nicest, greatest,prettiest-ful full or full of cupful, careful-ic having characteristics of linguistic, sarcastic

-ing verb form (present participle and gerund)

dancing, singing

Common suffixes-ion, -tion, -ation, ition act or process attraction, attrition

-ity, -ty state of humility, infinity

-ive, -ative, itive adjective form of a noun expensive, respective

-less without topless, fearless

-ly adverb ending nicely, quickly

-ment action or process enjoyment,

-ness state of, condition of eagerness, kindness

-ous, -eous, -ious possessing the qualities of erroneous, joyous

-s, -es plural tables, foxes

-y characterized by fatty, happy, jumpy

Kinds of SuffixesGrammatical / Inflectional SuffixesDerivational Suffixes

Grammatical / Inflectional SuffixesDoes not change the class of a word.They simply add grammatical information.Example:• Plural nouns (s) They have two apples• Possessives (‘s) It is John’s apple.• Third person (s) John eats apple.• Tenses (-ed, -ing) We played yesterday. I am eating right now.• Comparative I am prettier than you.• Superlative I am the prettiest among among them all.

Derivational Suffixeschange the class of a wordExample:Adjective quickAdverb quickly•He had a quick snack.•He ate the meal quickly.

Let’s try!1.My nationality is Filipino while my friend is

American.2.The boy had an accident that makes him

disabled.3.The Christmas occasions is very

meaningful to Filipinos.4.The internet is being use internationally.5.Do your unfinished works in my computer.

From the given words below, make new words by adding affixes on it. Write at least 3.

1. Explode2. Expose3. Civil4. National5. Form6. Legal7. Connect

Assignment:Search and write the lyrics

of any song. Encircle the words that uses affixes.