Aboriginal Knowledge and Intellectual Property Protocol Community Guide

Waltja Tjutangku Palyapayi

Contents

Preamble 3

What is important? 4Ethics 4Confidentiality 5Freepriorinformedconsent 6Benefitsharing 7Whathappenstotheresearch? 8Keepingandfindingtheresearch 9Reportingandpublishing 10Usingtheresearch 11Returnandreportingback 12MakingsuretheProtocolisused 13Goodresearchchecklist 14Iunderstand 15

What words mean 16Aboriginalknowledge 16Intellectualproperty(IP) 16Backgroundintellectualproperty 17Commercialisation 17

emily Cox 18Isobel nampitjinpa Gorey 19Margaret orr 20topsy Dixon 21Joni Wilson 22

MrsDixonpassedawayin2010afterthecompletionofthe1steditionoftheAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocolCommunityGuide.ThefamilyofMrsDixonhavekindlygivenpermissionforhernameandimagetobeused.

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PreAMble AborIGInAl KnoWleDGe AnD IntelleCtuAl ProPerty ProtoCol CoMMunIty GuIDe

ThisProtocoltellsabouttherulesforresearchersandshowshowlocalAboriginalpeopleandresearcherscanworktogether.

Aboriginalpeopleowntheirknowledge.

AllresearchthatconcernsAboriginalpeoplemustrespectAboriginalcultureandknowledge.

Everyoneshouldbeequalintheresearchandhavesharedunderstandings.

ThisProtocolmakessurethatresearcherswhoworkwithAboriginalpeopleandNintiOnedotherightthing.

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ethICs

ethics is doing things the right way. It means:

Beingrespectfulofeveryoneinvolved.

Peopleworkingtogether.

Learningandsharingisbothways.

Everyoneinvolvedwins.

Talkingisstraightface-to-face.

Talkingandlisteningareequal.

Understandingthateveryplaceisdifferentandhasitsownway.

Theresearchercontinuestoaskiftheyareworkingtherightwaythroughouttheresearch.

WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

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WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

ConfIDentIAlIty

Notallstoriescanbeshared.

Somestoriesarepublicandsomestoriesareprivate:‘Thisstoryisjustbetweenyouandme’.

Sometimesresearchersneedtounderstandthattheycannotwritedownallthestories.

YouneedtohaveachancetohearorreadwhattheresearcherhasrecordedsothatyoucansayifitisOKtowriteandpublishit,

orifsomepartsareprivate.

Youneedtomakeitclearwhatcanbetalkedaboutandwhatcanbewrittendown.

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free PrIor InforMeD Consent

Youneedtoknowallabouttheresearchbeforeyoudecidethatyouwanttoparticipate(thismighttakesometime).

Theresearcherhastotalkandexplainproperly.

Theresearchermightneedalocalhelper.

Honestyandtalkingstraightareimportantbothways.

Youshouldnotbebossedaround.

Youshouldnotberushed.Justtakeyourtimetodecide.

Bigchangestotheresearchneedtobetalkedaboutstraightface-to-facewitheveryoneinvolved.

ItisOKtosay‘NO’.

Youcanchangeyourmindaboutbeinginvolved.

WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

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benefIt shArInG

Sharingandlearningmustbebothways.

Theresearchhastomakeadifference.IthastobeimportantforAboriginalpeople.

Theresearchhastohelppeople.

‘Wehelptheresearcherandtheresearcherhelpsus’.

Aboriginalworkersintheresearchshouldbepaid.

Speakupandtellthetruestory.

WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

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WhAt hAPPens to the reseArCh?

Anything told or shown to researchers should not be used in any way without:

TheagreementandfullunderstandingoftheAboriginalpeopleinvolved.

Makingsurethattheinformationispublicandnotprivate.

TheNintiOneBoardbeingsurethatAboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearcharehappyaboutit.

TheNintiOneBoardsaying‘yes’tostoriesorinformationbeingputinreportsorinabook.

WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

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KeePInG AnD fInDInG the reseArCh

the research information and recordings will be kept:

AccordingtoAboriginalculturallawsandpractices.

Inlocalknowledgecentresandkeepingplaces.

InwaysthattherightAboriginalpeoplecanfindthemandusethem.

AccordingtoAustralianGovernmentprivacylaws.

Ordestroyed,ifaskedforbytherightAboriginalpeople.

WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

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rePortInG AnD PublIshInG

After the research is finished:

ThenamesofAboriginalpeoplemustbekeptprivateunlesstheresearchersaretolditisOKtousethem.

Ifyouworkedcloselyontheproject,yournameshouldalsobeontheresearchreportsasanauthor.

Aboriginalpeoplemustbeacknowledgedashelpingintheproject,unlesstheysaytheydonotwanttobenamed.

WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

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usInG the reseArCh

the research will only be used:

ForreasonsthatwereagreedtobyAboriginalpeople.

IfitdoesnothurtorshameAboriginalpeople.

TobenefitAboriginalpeople.

Tomakemoney,iftheNintiOneBoardissurethatAboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearchagree.

Thisisaboutcommercialisation.

Tomakemoney,ifalegalAgreementismadebetweenNintiOneandtheAboriginalownersoftheknowledge.

WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

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return AnD rePortInG bACK

the researcher must make sure that:

Aboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearcharekeptup-to-dateaboutit.

Aboriginalpeopleknowwhotheycancontactiftheyareunhappywithhowtheresearchisbeingdone.

ProjectreportsareprovidedtoallAboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearchinwaysthatmakesenseandareuseful.

GoodstoriesarecelebratedwiththeAboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearch.

WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

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MAKInG sure the ProtoCol Is useD

EveryoneinvolvedinNintiOneresearchisresponsibleformakingsurethisProtocolisfollowed.

NintiOnehasstrongrulesforresearchersaboutusingthisProtocol.

NintiOnewillworkwithAboriginalpeopletomakesurethattheProtocolisthebestitcanbe.

IfyouhavegoodideasabouthowtomaketheProtocolbetter,pleasetellNintiOne.

ThisGuidetotheProtocolwasmadeinNovember2008.

WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

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GooD reseArCh CheCKlIst

It’sOKformetoworkonthisresearch.

ThisresearchisOKwiththecommunity.

Iamworkingwiththevisitingresearcher.

Iamgettingpaid.

Iknowtheresearchwillbeuseful.

Iknowtheresearchwillmakeadifference.

IknowthatIwillgetcopiesoftheresearch.

Iambeinglistenedto.

Iambeingrespected.

Wehavemadearesearchagreement.

WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

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I unDerstAnD

Whatwillhappenintheresearchandhowlongitwilltake.

Whattheresearchers,includingme,areabletodointheresearch.

Whatwillbelearntfromdoingtheresearchandhowmycommunitywillbenefit.

Thatsomethingsmightaffecttheresearch,likebadweatherorculturalbusiness.

Whatwillhappentothewritteninformation,recordings,photos,video,etc,collectedintheresearch.

Whoispayingtheresearcherandwhytheywanttodotheresearch.

WhotocontactifI’munhappywithhowtheresearchisgoing.

WhAt Is IMPortAnt?

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AborIGInAl KnoWleDGe

Thisisallofthestoriesandtheculture(thatyoucanseeandhear)thatarepassedonfromtheoldpeople.Thesestoriesandwaysofdoingthingsareheldbythecommunity,notjustoneperson.Butdifferentpeoplewillholddifferentstories.ThesestoriesandcultureareclosetothelandandAboriginalidentity.

IntelleCtuAl ProPerty (IP)

Appliesto‘things’thataremadebecauseoftheresearch.Theseincludeanythingthatiswritten,suchasreports,orrecordedinsoundorimage.Theybecome‘property’thatcanbeowned.IPlawsinAustraliaincludetheCopyrightAct,thePatentsAct,PlantBreedersRightAct,TradeMarksActandtheDesignsAct.

seecrc-rep.com/sites/default/files/upload/bp1_intellectual-property-rights-in-australian-law.pdf

andcrc-rep.com/sites/default/files/upload/bp5_aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-knowledge-western-knowledge-and-ip.pdf

WhAt WorDs MeAn

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WhAt WorDs MeAn

bACKGrounD IntelleCtuAl ProPerty

Thisistheknowledgepeoplebringwiththemintoaproject,thestoriesandculturethatyouhavebeforetheprojectstarts.Thisistheknowledgethatyouown,ratherthanwhatyoulearntthroughtheproject.

CoMMerCIAlIsAtIon

Ifresearchiscommercialisedthenitbecomesamoney-makingbusiness.IfmoneyisgoingtobemadeoutofresearchthenalegalagreementhastobemadebetweentheAboriginalpeoplewhoseknowledgecontributestotheresearchandNintiOne.Thisagreementwilltalkabouthowanymoneymightbedividedupandhowpeoplemightbenefit.

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Theochreiscountry.Thecirclesbelowcountryisalltheknowledge.Thefootstepsshowpeoplecomingforameeting,menandwomen,Aboriginal(brownfeet)andvisitingresearchers(whitefeet).Theyareallsharingtheirstories.Theyellowdotsinthecirclearestoriesthatcanbegivenout(public)stories.Thegreydotsinthecirclearethesecretorprivatestories.

Theochredotsarestoriesorknowledgethatcanbetalkedabouttohelppeopleunderstand,buttheycan’tbetakenaway.Theytalkandagreeaboutwhatgoodtheresearchcando.Theycometobefriends.Everybodyishappyandtheywalkofftogether.

eMIly Cox

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AliceSpringsisthehalfcircleatthetopofthepainting.ThevisitingresearchertravelsfromAliceSpringstothecommunity.Inthemiddleisacommunitymeeting.ThewhiteUshapesarethevisitingresearcherssittingdownwithcommunityleaderstoexplainandtoaskpermission.ThecommunityleaderssayOK.Thenthevisitorsgoouttotalkwithfamiliesinthecommunityandinoutstations.TheygowithlocalNintiringtjakuworkers(brownfootsteps).

Theysitdownandexplainandaskquestionsandlisten.TheNintiringtjakuworkersexplaininlanguageandEnglishsoeveryoneunderstands.TheNintiringtjakuworkershelppeopletotalkupaboutwhatisOKtowritedownandwhatisprivate.

Isobel nAMPItJInPA Gorey

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InthemiddleofthepaintingisaCouncilmeeting.Greypeople(U)areseniors,theoldpeople.BrownUarethecommunitymembers.WhiteUarethevisitingresearchworkers.Themeetinggivespermissionforvisitingresearcherstogooutandtalktothecommunity.Onegroupofcommunitypeopletalkintotaperecorders(Uwithrectangleabove).TheycandecideiftheirstoriesareOKtoshareoriftheyareprivateandconfidential.Otherpeopletalkandtheresearcherswritedownwhattheysay(whitebooks).ThepeopleareOKfortheresearcherstotaketheirwordsawayfortheresearch,buttheyhavetogiveacopytothecommunitypeople.Anothergrouptalksupstrongtothevisitingresearchersandgivesthemgoodideasbutsaysthestoriesareconfidential(brownbooks),andtheresearcherscan’twritethemdown.

MArGAret orr

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Councilmeetingisthefirstthing.Thevisitorscometoaskpermission.Councilpeopleasklotsofquestionsandtalkupstrongforthecommunity.CouncilsaysOKfortheresearch.Theytellthevisitorswhotheyshouldgoandtalkto:somefamilies,someoutstations.ThevisitorsgowhereCouncilsays.

Whenthevisitorstalktofamiliestheyshowrespectandtheylisten.Theyuseataperecorder.Whentheyhavevisitedeverybodytheygobackagainandgiveacopyofthetapebacktothefamily.ThisisagoodtimeforthemtocheckifitisOK.ThisisagoodtimeforthemtocheckifitisOKtouseeverythingonthetapeorifsomethingisprivate.

toPsy DIxon

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Thehandmeansthatattheendofallthepeoplemeetingtogether,everyoneishappy,everythinghasbeendonetherightway.Theresearchercomesintoacommunitytodiscussthedocument,whateverisneeded.Thelocalpeoplemeetwiththemtohearwhathastobesaid.Thenextstepisthattheresearcherhastomeetwiththeeldersandshowthedocumenttothem.Thenthelocalpeopleandtheeldersmeetaboutthedocumentandthesacredstuff.Thentheytakethedocumentandthesacredstufftoshowtheresearcherswheretheycanworkorwhattorespectandwhotogoto.Thesacredstuffandstoriesaretobeleftwhereitwasheardandtheresearchersandtheelderstrusteachotherandrespecteveryone.Theresearchershouldalwaysrespectwheretheyareandrespectthecommunityandthepeople.

JonI WIlson

ContrIbutInG Author AnD ArtIst InforMAtIon

MargaretOrr,MpwelarreCommunity(WalkaboutBore)

PeterKenny,MpwelarreCommunity(WalkaboutBore)

IsobelNampitjinpaGorey,Papunya

TopsyDixon,Papunya

AlmaMir,BatchelorInstituteofIndigenousTertiaryEducation,Batchelor

EmilyCox,CentralAustralianRemoteHealthDevelopmentServices,AliceSprings

JoniWilson,CentralAustralianRemoteHealthDevelopmentServices,AliceSprings

ACKnoWleDGeMents

ThisCommunityGuideisanadaptationoftheAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocol.ThedevelopmentoftheCommunityGuidewasfacilitatedbyAliciaBoyleCDU,SarahHolcombeANU,andKateLawrence,Waltja.

ThedevelopmentoftheAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocolinvolvedfocusgroupsandworkshopdiscussionsinAdelaideandAliceSpringswitharangeofAboriginalandnon-Aboriginalparticipants.

ThedesignonthebackcoverisfromWaltja’scommitteemeetingin2006.Theartistisunknown.

NintiOneLimitedisanot-for-profitnationalcompanythatbuildsopportunitiesforpeoplelivinginremoteregionsofAustralia.NintiOnemanagestheintellectualpropertyfromtheformerDesertKnowledgeCooperativeResearchCentre,theresearchactivitiesandpartnershipsoftheCooperativeResearchCentreforRemoteEconomicParticipationandengagesinresearchandresearchdeliveryandcommercialisationactivitiesthatbenefitAustralianslivinginremoteareas.

enquIrIes shoulD be ADDresseD to:

ninti one limited

Phone: +61889596000fax: +61889596048email: info@nintione.com.au

ISBN:978174158213-0(Print)ISBN:9781741582123(Online)

CItAtIon:

OrrM,KennyP,GoreyIN,DixonT,MirA,CoxE,WilsonJ.2009.AboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocol:CommunityGuide.2ndEdition.NintiOneLimited,AliceSprings.

for ADDItIonAl InforMAtIon PleAse ContACt:

ninti one limitedCommunicationsManager

POBox3971AliceSpringsNT0871Australia

Phone: +61889596000fax: +61889596048www.nintione.com.au

ThefullAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocol,onwhichthisCommunityGuideisbased,isavailablefordownloadfrom:www.nintione.com.au/welcome-website-portal-ninti-one-limited/resource-centreorfromtheWaltjawebsite:www.waltja.org.au

©NintiOneLimitedandWaltjaTjutangkuPalyapayi

Waltja Tjutangku Palyapayi

MrsDixonpassedawayin2010afterthecompletionofthe1steditionoftheAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocolCommunityGuide.ThefamilyofMrsDixonhavekindlygivenpermissionforhernameandimagetobeused.