AAPCO 71st Annual Meeting

LessonsLearned-DicambaPanel

ObservationsofaMidwesternPesticideStateLeadAgency

-DaveScott-

OfficeoftheIndianaStateChemist

Focus Areas

• Numberofinvestigations

• Causalfactors

• Costtothestate

Number of Official Complaints & Investigations

2017wasachallengingyearforoff-targetpesticidemovementcomplaintresponse,withorwithoutaddingdicambacomplaintsintothemix.

4

WhatHappenedin2017?

NeedtoSettheStageforSoybeanProduction2016SoybeanAcreageandStates

986

40

1144

250

0128 28

015

7

0

3

2

310

93 107

125

19

245

2

132

78

©Dr. Kevin Bradley, University of Missouri

OfficialDicamba-relatedInjuryInvestigationsasReportedbyStateDepartmentsofAgriculture(*asofOctober15,2017)

*Total:2,708

182

Indiana experienced state record # of total drift complaints in 2017

8

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Recent Indiana Drift & Dicamba Data

Year TotalDrift DicambaPercent2013 92 3 3%2014 83 5 6%2015 81 8 10%2016 74 3 4%2017 257 129 50%

12/04/2017 9

Dicamba over doubled the demand for sample analysis by our state laboratory

67 46 101 44 94 88 124 194377

196325

652 656

1026

732

1051 1028

2577

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Num

bero

fSam

ples

OISCPesticideResidueLabTotalSampleTrend

Causal Factors

• Aweathershortened&compactedsprayseasonimpactedoveralldrift#s.

• Howweinvestigatedoff-targetmovement(drift)complaintschangedsomein2017andwillundoubtedlychangeevenmorein2018.

2017 Investigation Objectives

• Weresymptomscausedbydicambaorsomeotherstressor?•  Thishasremainedrelativelyunchangedovertheyears.

• Whowasthesourceofthedicambaexposure?•  Historically,itwastheadjacentfield,butsymptom-causingdicambacanmovesignificantdistances.

• Wasneworoldformulationdicambaused?•  Thisbecameimportantbecauseweweretryingtoevaluatenewformulationperformance&labelingrestrictionsvs.old.

• Wasoff-targetexposurefromdrift,run-off,sprayercontamination,temperatureinversion,volatilization,legaluseor“off-label”use?•  Historicallywefocusedalmostexclusivelyonparticledriftviolations,butnowreportedcauseofoff-targetexposuresmaybequitevariable.

•  Ifmisusewasdocumented,whatpartsofthelabelwereviolated?•  Historically,wefocusedprimarilyondrift(performancestd.),nowwhichdesignstd.wasviolatedmaybeimportanttoeffectivenessoflabeling.

2017 Reported Dicamba Investigation Details

• Totaldriftcomplaintinvestigations…257

• Dicambadriftcomplaintinvestigations…129

• Dicambainvestigationsprocessed…93(72%)

Applicators Involved

• Certifiedcommercialapplicators…23%

• Certifiedprivateapplicators…65%

• Non-certifiedapplicator…12%

Products Applied

• Engenia…41%

• FeXapan…9%

• Xtendimax…41%

• Others,bothdicamba&non-dicamba…9%

Target Crop/Site

• Soybeans…93%

• Corn…6%

• Right-of-Way…1%

Off-Target Exposure Crop/Site

• Non-DTSoybeans…93%

• Melons…1%

• Gardens…2%

• Ornamentals…3%

• Person…1%

Route of Off-Target Exposure • Directparticledrift…26%

• Applicationintoaninversion…0%

• Volatilization…0%

• Runoff…0%

• Blowndustparticles…0%

• Tankcontamination…3%

• Unknownorundeterminable…71%

Documented Violations

• Totalviolativecases…95%• Windblowingtowardadjacentsensitivecrops…45%• Failedtomaintaina110’buffer…2%• Windlessthan3mph…7%• Wind(orgusts)greaterthan15mph…15%• Raininforecastwithin24hours…1%• Nositesurvey…9%• Didnotvisitwebsites…72%• Exceededboomheight…1%

What 2017 Investigations To Date Suggest

• Applicatorsdon’tread,comprehend,choosetofollow,orhavetheabilitytofollow100%ofthelabel.

• Dicambaisunstable&short-livedinenvironment.

• 2017dicambalabelswereverydifficulttocomplywith100%(threadingtheneedle).

• Determiningparticledriftvs.volatilityorotheroff-targetmovementwithscientificcertaintyisEXTREMELYdifficultininvestigationprocess.

Preliminary Laboratory Observations

• Noclearcorrelationbetweendriftorvolatility&dicambaactiveingredientormetaboliteresiduesinvegetationorsoilsamples.

• Noclearlymeasureableresiduegradients.

• Targetfieldsrange50to100,000ppb(non-soybeanveg)

• Indriftconfirmationcases,rangeBQLto15ppb.

• Incasesw/ootherevidencesupportingdrift,rangeBDLto50ppb.

Cost to the State • Remainabreastofevolving&changingissues.• Respondtoconstantmedia,public&legislativeinquiries.• Design&implementmoreextensiveinvestigationproceduresdesignedtodocumentlabelcompliance,needforbetterlabeling&causeofoff-targetmovement.•  Facilitateadditionalenforcement&appealcaseload.• Develop,review,approve,facilitate,implement,deliver,monitor,recordattendance,&determinereciprocityformandatorytraining.•  Evaluateneed,develop,&implementstateregulatoryrestrictions.• Develop,communicate&implementlabelinterpretationpolicies.• Addressstaff&cooperatormoraleissues.

State contributors to the dicamba effort

• IndianaPesticideReviewBoard• PurduePesticidePrograms• PurdueWeedScientists• PurdueCooperativeExtensionService• IndianaAgriculturalRetailers&RiskCoordinators• Commercial&PrivateApplicators• OfficeoftheIndianaStateChemist

DicambaHerbicideUpdates

http://www.oisc.purdue.edu/pesticide/dicamba.html

Dicamba Herbicide Updates (23 items) 1.  MandatoryDicambaTrainingforUseofEngenia,FeXapan,orXtendimaxinIndianain2018:

A)2018MandatoryDicambaTrainingPresentation(source:PurduePesticidePrograms,74-slidePPT)B)DicambaApplicationRecordKeepingandQuickGuide(pdf,1,338kb)C)PrecautionsforDicambaUseinXtendSoybeans(pdf,443kb)D)2018GuidanceforInterpretingDicambaLabelingTerms&Phases(pdf,242kb)

2.  FrequentlyAskedQuestions(pdf,59kb)3.  DicambaRUPApplicatorNotice(11-20-17)(pdf,52kb)4.  DicambaRUPDealerNotice(11-20-17)(pdf,869kb)

5.  RegistrantsofDicamba-ContainingAgriculturalHerbicideProductsNotice(12-20-17)(pdf,39kb)

6.  ListofstateRUPdicambaherbicides(01-30-18)(pdf,77kb)7.  2017&2018DicambaUseandRelatedActivities(pdf,575kb)

8.  EPAandStates'CollectiveEffortsLeadtoRegulatoryActiononDicamba(pdf,22kb)9.  AsofOctober27,2017,theOfficeofIndianaStateChemist(OISC)hasreceived257totaldrift

complaintsfor2017,and129ofthosedriftcomplaintsareallegedtoinvolveaDicambaherbicide.Viewmapoffinalnumbers(pdf,427kb)

10. CountybyCountyMapofVegetationSamplesSubmittedtoPurdue'sPlantandPestDiagnosticLaboratory(PPDL)forIdentificationofDicambaExposureSymptomology(08-14-17)(pdf,60kb)

11. Whathavewelearnedsofarabouttheseincidents?(pdf,86kb)

12.  FinalRule-RestrictedUseClassificationofDicambaContainingHerbicides13. OptionsforDealingwithaPesticideDriftIncident(PPP-110)(pdf,658kb)14. HowtoFileaFertilizerorPesticideComplaint(pdf,30kb)

2018 Mandatory Dicamba Training

•  StatetrainingrequiredbyIndiana24(C)•  181private&commercialapplicatorprogramsapproved(Jan.-Apr.1)•  Estimateover3,000CA&PAtraineestodate• Over160non-certifiedtraineestodate•  Someattendingtrainingmorethanonce•  Some“snowbird”farmerswillrequiretraininginApril/May•  Trainingtargetedforabout1hour•  Trainingtweakedweeklybasedonquestions&suggestions•  FAQsupdatedweeklybasedonquestions• ManyplanonplantingDTbeans,butdoingonlydicambapre-plant• Registrantsreps:INisanti-dicamba&INtrainingis“fakenews”

2018 Indiana Required Training for Users of Engenia, FeXapan and Xtendimax dicamba products

“Threading the Needle”

Presenter:

2/21/2018 28

Thepurposeofthistrainingisthree-fold:

1.  Meet the 2018 label-mandated* training requirement.

2.  Communicate responsibilities in complying with specific label use directions & requirements for these products.

3.  Communicate the balance of risks of off-target movement & the increased weed control associated with the use of these products.

*this refers to federal label requirements for users, negotiated by U.S. EPA and the manufacturers of these three new dicamba products

2/9/2018 29

Pay attention to the labels.

The Quick Guide you received will help.

12/04/2017 30

Thishandoutincludesexperience-basedrecommendationsfromUniversityExtensionWeedSpecialiststoassistwithsafe&effectivedicambaapplications.ALWAYSfollowrequired,legaluserestrictions…“Thelabelisthelaw”

2/9/2018 31

February 23, 2018 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (28 items)

Dicamba Use & Mandatory Training in INDIANA

ThefollowingFAQsareinresponsetoissuesraisedthroughoutthe2018mandatorydicambatrainingseason.Updateswillbepostedathttp://www.oisc.purdue.edu/pesticide/dicamba.html.1.Whoneedsmandatorydicambatraining?IMPORTANT:Onlythreedicambaproductsareapprovedforpost-emergentuseondicamba-tolerantsoybeansinIndiana:Engenia(BASFistheregistrant)XtendiMaxwithVaporGripTechnology(Monsantoistheregistrant)FeXapanwithVaporGripTechnology(DuPontistheregistrant)TheseproductsareRestrictedUsePesticidesandcanonlybepurchasedandusedbycertifiedapplicators(privateapplicatorsandcommercialapplicators).Priortoapplyingorusinganyofthesethreedicambaproducts,theapplicatormustcompletedicambatraining.Forprivateapplicators(farmers)thisincludesthepersonwhoholdstheprivateapplicatorlicenseandanypersonwhoworksundertheprivateapplicator’ssupervisionwhenapplyingtheproduct.Forcommercialapplicators,boththelicensedcommercialapplicatorandtheregisteredtechnicianwhoworksunderthesupervisionofthecommercialapplicatormusthavethetrainingbeforeapplyingtheproduct.Thistrainingrequirementappliestoapplicationsmadetosoybeansandtoapplicationsonanyothercropslistedontheseproductlabels.2.Domixers,loaders,handlers,andsprayequipmentcleanersneedtraining?Yes,anyonewhoisresponsibleforanypartoftheapplicationprocesswhichincludesmixing,loading,application,orcleaningdicambaapplicationequipmentmustattendthetraining.The

2/9/2018 33

RequiredRecordKeepingforeachapplicationofthesenewDicambaProducts.Whilerecordkeepingisanapplicatorrequirement,OISCrecognizesthatsometasksonthelistmaybejointlyperformed&sharedbyvariouscommercialapplicatorbusinessstaff.

2/9/2018 34

Thelabeliscomplex,requiringmuchfromtheuseroftheseproducts.ObserveOISC’sguidancefor“InterpretingDicambaLabelTermsAndPhrases.”Guidancewasdevelopedthruconsultation&inputwithEPA&registrants.

Label Interpretation & Policy

Westillhavealongwaytogoindevelopingclear,concise&consistent(C3)labelsthatbothapplicatorsandstateregulatorscancomprehend.

Questions About 2018 Labels •  Isthereadifferencebetween“susceptible”&“sensitive”?

•  Isthereadifferencebetween“neighboring”&“adjacent”?

• Howare“adjacent”&“neighboring”defined?

• Whenaredownwindbuffersrequired?

• Whataredownwindbuffersintendedtoprotect?•  Sensitivecrops,sensitiveplants,sensitiveareas?

• Whyaredownwindbuffersrequiredforsomeareasthatcanalsobeapprovedlabelusesites?

Questions ? DaveScott

scottde@purdue.edu(765)494-1593