Post on 30-May-2018
8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
1/24
Examples of Bioversitys work in spatial
analyses
June 9 2010, Nairobi, Kenya
CSI Meeting
Maarten van ZonneveldAssociate Scientist in Diversity Analysis for Conservation and Usem.vanzonneveld@cgiar.org
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
2/24
Who we are
We are a non-profit organization with offices in 20 countries and workingon projects in over 100 countries with about 300 research partners
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
3/24
Content
Germplasm information systems
Conservation of genetic resources
Use of genetic resources
GIS capacity building Some reflections
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
4/24
Content
Germplasm information systems
Conservation of genetic resources
Use of genetic resources
GIS capacity building Some reflections
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
5/24
GENESYSwww.genesys-pgr.org/
Contact person: Fawsey Nawar
- Global Crop Diversity Trust- International Treaty on PlantGenetic Resources
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
6/24
GENESYSwww.genesys-pgr.org/
Contact person: Fawsey Nawar
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
7/24
EUFGISwww.eufgis.org
Project partners:
BioversityInternational
BFW Austria
State Forest Tree
Improvement StationDenmark
INRA France
National ForestCentre Slovakia
Slovenian Forestry
Institute Slovenia
Forest ResearchUnited Kingdom
Web-based, permanent information system to serve as the Europeandocumentation platform for national Forest Genetic Resources(FGR) inventories
A network of FGR inventories in 40 countries to provide data for the
information system
Minimum requirements for dynamic gene conservation units offorest trees and common information standards for these units atpan-European level
To make available, as a first step, harmonized data on the dynamic
gene conservation units of 20 tree species from at least 80 % ofthe countries within each species distribution range in Europe
To provide training on FGR documentation to national focal points inparticipating countries
Contact person: Jarkko Koskela
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
8/24
Content
Germplasm information systems
Conservation of genetic resources
Use of genetic resources
GIS capacity building Some reflections
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
9/24
Gap Analysis
13 crop genepools analyzed
Recommendations on which taxa are priority to conserve
Maps indicating what and where to collect Results publicly available at: http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/GapAnalysis/
A. Jarvis, N. Castaeda, J. Ramrez (CIAT)
http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/GapAnalysis/http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/GapAnalysis/http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
10/24
Evaluation of conservation status ofwild plant speciesMAPFORGEN
In situconservation
Ex situconservation
M. van Zonneveld, J. Salcedo, N. Castaeda, X. Scheldeman, V. Van Damme, A. Jarvis
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
11/24
Diversity and Genetic Erosion
Willemen et al. 2007
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
12/24
Diversity and Climate Change
Allelic richness
Climate change impact(2050)
X. Scheldeman, M. van Zonneveld, N. Castaneda
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
13/24
Collaboration between Bioversity and the CentralAmerica and Mexico Coniferous ResourcesCooperative (CAMCORE)
Diversity and climate changeImpact on natural populations of subtropicalpine species
M. van Zonneveld, A. Jarvis, C. Leibing
P. patula P. patula
Understanding adaptive capacity of plant species to climate alterations
P. patula
0
40
80
120
0 150 300 450
Temperature seasonality (SD x 100)
Precipitations
easonality
(VC)
Natural
distribution
Trial distribution
P. tecunumanii
0
40
80
120
0 150 300 450
Temperature seasonality (SD x 100)
Precipitationseasonality(VC)
Natural distribution
Trial distribution
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
14/24
Content
Germplasm information systems
Conservation of genetic resources
Use of genetic resources
GIS capacity building Some reflections
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
15/24
Seeds for Needs
Taro
D. Monniaux
A. Cahalan
Sweet potato
PNG
CIMMYT
Wheat
ICARDA
Barley
Ethiopia
E. Dulloo, X. Scheldeman, M. van Zonneveld, I. Thormann, P. Mathur
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Colocasia_esculenta_dsc07801.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/5aday_sweet_potato.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/5aday_sweet_potato.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Colocasia_esculenta_dsc07801.jpghttp://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
16/24
Seed for NeedsIdentifying accessions for adaptation to climate
change
PCA with current climate profiles of the collection sites of Barley accessions inEthiopia and current and future climate profiles of three Barley evaluation sites.(4-month growing season)
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
17/24
Seeds for NeedsCombining trait-based and climate-basedselection
Susceptibility of Barley accesions to Scald
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Mean annual temperature (celcius) at site of collection
Susceptibility
to
Scald
Accessionsoriginating fromhot climates with
low susceptibilityto Scald
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
18/24
Which seed material performs best in which area?
Seeds for NeedsAdaptation of tropical pine plantation forestry
Leibing et al., 2010
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
19/24
In the colored areas it is recommended to change current seed materialfor seed material from another ecotypes better adapted to expectedchanges in local climate by 2020
Leibing et al., 2010
Seeds for NeedsAdaptation of tropical pine plantation forestry
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
20/24
Content
Germplasm information systems
Conservation of genetic resources
Use of genetic resources
GIS capacity building Some reflections
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
21/24
GIS training courses
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
22/24
Development of GIS self-learning manual
http://www.diva-gis.org/http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
23/24
Content
Germplasm information systems
Linking genebanks to farmers
Conservation of genetic resources
Capacity building Reflections
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN8/9/2019 Aagw2010 June 09 Maarten Van Zonneveld Examples of Bioversity Work in Spatial Analyses Bioversityinternational
24/24
Reflections
Importance of standardization of methodology betweeninstitutions (e.g. common information standards)
High demand for GIS training of national partners
Great to be here; already learned some interesting stuff (e.g.the potential of using mobile phone networks for datacollection)
http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cialca.org/files/images/Logos/BioversityMedium-JPEG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cialca.org/content/view/12/43/lang,fr/&usg=__yk99Ggt5KDs3JxhE4u6LWzClT9A=&h=436&w=500&sz=56&hl=nl&start=1&um=1&tbnid=PxD8EZ0i4zS8FM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbioversity%2Binternational%26imgsz%3Dsmall%257Cmedium%257Clarge%257Cxlarge%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN