A study on the removal of metal ions by Eichhornia Crassipes

[Water Hyacinth]

Presented By

Anvita Tripathi (P14EN004)Anudeep Nema (P14EN006)V. Sindhuri (P14EN007)Sooraj Garg (P14EN009)Vinitha E.V. (P14EN011)Patel Sefali (P14EN018)

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CONTENTS

• Objectives of study• Introduction• Literature review• Methodology• Results & Discussion• Effect of pH on metal removal• Plant study• Conclusion• Reference

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OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

• Efficiency of Water Hyacinth in the removal of metal ions

• Effect of pH in the removal efficiency of metal ions

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INTRODUCTION

• Contamination of the aquatic environment by toxic metal ions is a serious problem

• Fresh water contamination by metal ions has two significant effects - Salinity and Toxicity

• Phytoremediation - one of the waste water treatment methods by using plant based systems for removing the contaminants from various natural sources.

• Important features Lower costs for treatment

Generation of a potentially recyclable metal ion-rich plant residue.• The most common aquatic macrophytes among the floating-leaved, being

employed in wastewater treatment is water hyacinth

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WATER HYACINTH FOR METAL ION REMOVAL

• One of the most productive plants on earth• Free floating (but sometimes rooted) freshwater plant• Root of the plant absorbs metal pollutant in the wastewater and enhance the

quality of the water• Store most of the heavy metal in their bladders, followed by their stems and

leaves, followed by their roots – Transportation of metal occurs

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LITERATURE REVIEWTitle Specification Results

“Phytoremediation of Copper and Cadmium from Water Using Water Hyacinth, Eichhornia Crassipes”Gomati S., Adhikari S., Mohanty P., (2014)

Plants used : Eichhornia crassipes.Parameters : Cu and Cd25 days retention time

By Eichhornia crassipes: Heavy metal reduction: more than 90% for both copper and cadmium.

“Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) – An efficient and economic adsorbent for textile effluent treatment – A review”Priya E. S. and Selvan P. S.,(2014)

Plants used : Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).Parameters : dye stuffs and heavy metals like Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Mn, Hg and As.21 days retention time

The capacity of the water hyacinth for aluminium in Al rich waste water is 63 %, for manganese in synthetic wastewater is high, and for copper is 99%.

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Literature review(cont..)

Title Specification Results

“Analysis of heavy metal content in water hyacinth from lake victoria,Kenya”Matindi C. N (2014)

Plants used : Eichhornia crassipes.Parameters : Pb2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Cr2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ 

Concentration of some metals in roots was found to be up to 3 times higher than in leaves and stems. Fe2+ and Mn2+ were the highest recorded at 21 and 16 ppm of dry weight, respectively.

“Phytoremediation of textile waste water using potential wetland plant”Mahmood Q., Zheng P., et al, (2005)

Plants used : Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).Parameters : heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Cr, CdRetention time: 4 days

Heavy metal reduction: 94.78%(Cr), 96.88%(Zn) and 94.44% (Cu),75% Cd

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MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY

Collection and washing of plants

Preparation of synthetic wastewater

Phytoremediation set-up at three different pH

Initial analysis of metals at different

pH

Analysis of metals after detention period

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Water Hyacinth Plants • Collected from Cosway, Surat• Experimental set-up- 3 Tubs of 30 L capacity each• Weight of the plants taken was 1.5kg for each test cycle• Approximately 12 plants were kept in each reactorSynthetic wastewater• Simulated sample was prepared for metals like Iron, Aluminium, Copper,

Chromium and ManganesePhyto-remediation set-up at 3 different pH• Three set of runs by varying concentration of simulated mixed sample by 7.5

mg/L, 10 mg/L and 12.5 mg/L• For each set of concentration/run, pH in three reactors is varied by 4.5 , 7 and 9.5• Five liters of each metal sample is mixed in each reactor to form 25 liters of

synthetic sample in each reactor

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Initial analysis of metals at different pH

• Initial metal ions concentration (Fe, Mn, Al, Cu & Cr) were analysed for

all samples of concentration of 7.5 mg/L , 10 mg/L and 12.5 mg/L for

different pH in Batch I (pH 4.5), Batch II (pH 7) and Batch III (pH 9.5)

respectively

• Initial metal concentration in plants was analysed after digestion.

• Moisture Content of initial plant samples were determined.

Analysis of metals after detention period(5 days)

• Final metal ions concentration were analysed for all samples of

concentration 7.5 mg/L , 10 mg/L and 12.5 mg/L and also for plant

samples (after digestion) at all pH(4.5, 7 & 9.5) levels.

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PARAMETER METHOD WAVELENGTH(nm)

pH Glass electrode method  

Iron Phenonthraline method 510

Copper Cuprethol Method 435

Chromium Colorometric method 540

Aluminium Eriochrome Cyanine R method 535

Manganese Persulfate method 525

Digestion of Plant sample

• 0.2 grams of ground oven dried sample was subjected to digestion with

mixer (5:1) of sulphuric acid and perchloric acid (HClO4).

• Digestion was taken place with three different temperature profile (100º C

for 20 minutes, 150º C for 10 minutes and 250º C for 50 minutes). Methods followed for analysis of Metals

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Phytoremediation set- up

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

• Distinctive variations in removal efficiency of water hyacinth (biosorbent) on Fe, Cr, Cu, Al and Mn were recorded.

• In the initial period, plants remained healthy; testing was done on samples collected on 1st & 5th day.

• With the passage of time, plants were found to get weaker and hence, fresh set of plants were brought after 5 days.

• Metal solutions prepared for synthetic waste water had an average pH of 2.32, 3.27, 6.09, 6.80 and 7.32 for Fe, Cu, Al, Cr and Mn respectively

• pH of the mixed synthetic waste water - 2.87, 2.80 and 2.70 for concentration 7.5 mg/L, 10.0 mg/Land 12.5 mg/ L respectively.

• Reduction in pH level might be because of precipitating up of oxides and hydroxides of metal ions, forming to acidic nature, making the pH level of composite sample to reduce.

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Percentage Removal of Iron for Batch I, II and III

pHConcentration (mg/L)

7.5(Batch-I) 10.0(Batch-II) 12.5(Batch-III) Average

4.583.93% 79.95% 71.7% 78.55%

7.081.03% 76.99% 71.84% 76.62%

9.586.94% 81.07% 72.99% 80.33%

EFFICIENCY OF WATER HYACINTH IN THE REMOVAL OF METAL IONS

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Conc = 7.5 Conc = 10 Conc = 12.5

83.93%79.95%

71.7%

81.03%76.99%

71.84%

86.94%81.07%

72.99%

Fe Removal at different pHpH = 4.5 pH = 7 pH = 9.5

Concentration in mg/L

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Percentage Removal of Chromium for Batch I, II and III

pH Concentration (mg/L)

7.5(Batch-I) 10.0(Batch-II) 12.5(Batch-III) Average

4.5100% 100% 91.89% 97.29%

7.066.67% 65% 77.87% 69.85%

9.563% 33.33% 63.24% 53.19%

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Conc = 7.5 Conc = 10 Conc = 12.5

100% 100%91.89%

66.67% 65%

77.87%

63%

33.33%

63.24%

Cr Removal at different pHpH = 4.5 pH = 7 pH = 9.5

Concentration in mg/L

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pH Concentration (mg/L)

7.5(Batch-I) 10.0(Batch-II) 12.5(Batch-III) Average

4.573.26% 68.28% 71.25% 70.93%

7.054.48% 63.54% 72.66% 63.56%

9.559.15% 66.61% 68.61% 64.78%

Percentage Removal of Aluminium for Batch I, II and III

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Conc = 7.5 Conc = 10 Conc = 12.5

73.26%68.28%

71.25%

54.48%

63.54%

72.66%

59.15%

66.61%68.61%

Al Removal at different pH

pH = 4.5 pH = 7 pH = 9.5

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Percentage Removal of Copper for Batch I, II and III

pH Concentration (mg/L)

7.5(Batch-I) 10.0(Batch-II) 12.5(Batch-III) Average

4.5 100% 99.52% 96.82% 98.78%

7.0 95.23% 81.97% 83.14% 86.78%

9.5 98.54% 87.78% 83.21% 89.94%

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Concentration in mg/L

Conc = 7.5 Conc = 10 Conc = 12.5

100% 99.52%96.82%95.23%

81.97% 83.14%

98.54%

87.78%83.21%

Cu Removal at different pH

pH = 4.5 pH = 7 pH = 9.5

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pH Concentration (mg/L)

7.5(Batch-I) 10.0(Batch-II) 12.5(Batch-III) Average

4.564.14% 69.84% 66.59% 67.49%

7.066.04% 69.74% 66.58% 67.45%

9.561.12% 67.15% 64.38% 64.22%

Percentage Removal of Manganese for Batch I, II and III

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Conc = 7.5 Conc = 10 Conc = 12.5

64.14%

69.84%

66.59%66.04%

69.74%

66.58%

61.12%

67.15%

64.38%

Mn Removal at different pHpH = 4.5 pH = 7 pH = 9.5 Concentration in mg/L

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EFFECT OF pH ON METAL REMOVAL

pH Average Percentage Removal (%)

Fe Cr Al Cu Mn

4.5 78.55 97.29 70.93 98.78 67.49

7.0 76.62 69.85 63.56 86.78 67.45

9.5 80.33 53.19 64.78 89.94 64.22

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Fe Mn Al Cr Cu

83.93

64.14%73.26

100% 100%

79.95

69.84 68.28

100% 99.52

71.7

66.5971.25

91.8996.82

% Removal at pH 4.5Conc = 7.5 Con = 10 Conc 12.5

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Fe Mn Al Cr Cu

81.03

66.04

54.48%

66.67

95.23%

76.99

69.74

63.54 65

81.97

71.84

66.58

72.66

77.87

83.14

% Removal at pH 7Conc = 7.5 Con = 10 Conc 12.5

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Fe Mn Al Cr Cu

86.94

61.12 59.1563

98.54%

81.07

67.15 66.16

33.33%

87.78

72.99

64.3868.61

63.24

83.2

% Removal at pH 9.5Conc = 7.5 Con = 10 Conc 12.5

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PLANT STUDY

• In plants concentration of Iron was high, while the concentration of Aluminium was least.

• Order of initial concentration of metal ions in plants – - Fe > Cr > Cu > Mn > Al.

Moisture Content of Water Hyacinth Plant

BATCH –I BATCH –II BATCH –III

AVERAGE

MOISTURE

CONTENT (%)

91.82 95.18 95.29

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pH BATCH Initial Concentration

(mg/L)

Final Concentration

( mg/ L)

In plant In water In plant In water

4.5 I 71 6.41 70.25 1.03

II 69.83 8.93 71.28 1.79

III 67.96 9.081 74.28 2.57

7.0 I 71 7.01 70.23 1.33

II 69.83 9.17 71.27 2.11

III 67.96 9.02 72.56 2.54

9.5 I 71 6.64 70.18 0.867

II 69.83 7.98 73.24 1.51

III 67.96 9.07 76.28 2.45

Concentration of Iron Metal in Waste water and Water Hyacinth Plant

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Plant Initial

Water Initial

Plant Final

Water Final

Conc

entr

atio

n in

mg/

l

b1

Batch IIBatch I

pH = 4.5

Batch IIIBatch IIBatch IBatch III Batch IIIBatch IIBatch I

pH = 7.0 pH = 9.5

Iron Concentration in waste water sample and Water Hyacinth

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Concentration of Copper Metal in Waste water and Water Hyacinth Plant

pH BATCH Initial Concentration

(mg/L)

Final Concentration

( mg/ L)

In plant In water In plant In water

4.5 I 7.56 5.93 10.03 N.D

II 7.28 7.77 11.09 0.037

III 7.52 9.44 12.12 0.33

7.0 I 7.56 3.15 8.97 0.15

II 7.28 4.88 10.65 0.88

III 7.52 8.78 11.64 1.48

9.5 I 7.56 4.78 9.45 0.07

II 7.28 7.85 10.82 0.96

III 7.52 9.7 11.85 1.63

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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

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Plant Initial Water InitialPlant FinalWater Final

Conc

entr

atio

n in

mg/

l

b1

Batch IIBatch I

pH = 4.5

Batch IIIBatch IIBatch IBatch III Batch IIIBatch IIBatch I

pH = 7.0 pH = 9.5

Copper Concentration in waste water sample and Water Hy-acinth

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Concentration of Aluminium Metal in Waste Water and Water Hyacinth Plant

pH BATCH Initial Concentration

(mg/L)

Final Concentration

( mg/ L)

In plant In water In plant In water

4.5 I 3.69 4.75 6.1 1.27

II 3.89 5.99 6.75 1.72

III 3.27 8.05 7.01 2.56

7.0 I 3.69 2.79 5.68 1.95

II 3.89 3.1 6.02 1.13

III 3.27 5.56 6.2 1.89

9.5 I 3.69 3.06 5.95 1.25

II 3.89 4.76 6.45 1.59

III 3.27 7.04 6.67 2.21

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Plant Initial

Water Initial

Plant Final

Water Final

Conc

entr

atio

n in

mg/

l

b1

Batch IIBatch I

pH = 4.5

Batch IIIBatch IIBatch IBatch III Batch IIIBatch IIBatch I

pH = 7.0 pH = 9.5

Aluminium Concentration in waste water sample and Water Hy-acinth

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Concentration of Manganese Metal in Waste water and Water Hyacinth Plant

pH BATCH Initial Concentration

(mg/L)

Final Concentration

( mg/ L)

In plant In water In plant In water

4.5 I 6.23 5.55 7.18 1.99

II 6.13 7.46 8.21 2.25

III 6.6 8.89 9.04 2.97

7.0 I 6.23 5.89 7.64 2

II 6.13 7.6 8.95 2.3

III 6.6 8.76 9.45 2.91

9.5 I 6.23 5.17 7.25 2.01

II 6.13 7 8.64 2.3

III 6.6 8.52 9.28 2.88

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Plant Initial Water InitialPlant FinalWater Final

Conc

entr

atio

n in

mg/

l

b1

Batch IIBatch I

pH = 4.5

Batch IIIBatch IIBatch IBatch III Batch IIIBatch IIBatch I

pH = 7.0 pH = 9.5

Manganese Concentration in waste water sample and Water Hyacinth

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CONCLUSION• 100% toxic metal removal for chromium and copper has been achieved at

pH level of 4.5 at a concentration of 7.5 mg/L. • As the concentration of synthetic sample was increased, for certain pH

level, the removal efficiency of metals was found to be declining.• Average removal of heavy metals like Fe, Cr, Al, Cu, and Mn, at the end

of five day retention time are found to be 78.55%, 97.29%, 70.93%, 98.78% & 67.49%(at pH 4.5); 76.62%, 69.85%, 63.56%, 86.78% & 67.45%(at pH 7); 80.33%, 53.19%, 64.78%, 89.94% & 64.22%(at pH 9.5).

• Removal efficiencies that have been achieved for the five metals at pH level and concentration are random in nature. This might be because of precipitation of certain metal oxides and hydroxides, due to some synergistic action with other metals.

• Heavy metal removal by water hyacinth is a low cost biosorption technique, can be implemented for a small scale metal industry effluents, which can be made to grow near the areas of metal industry effluents.

 

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Work done

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Phytoremediation To Treat Aqua Pollution In Velachery Lake, Chennai – Tamilnadu, International Journal of Recent Scientific Research,Vol. 3, Issue, 2, pp.95 – 102

• Lokeshwari H., Chandrappa G. T., 2006, Heavy Metals content in water, Water Hyacinth and Sediments of Lalbagh Tank, Bangalore (India), Journal of Environ. Science & Engg., Vol 48, No.3, P.183-188

• Mahmood Q, Zheng P., Islam E, Hayat Y., Hassan M. J., Jilani G. and Jin R. C., 2015, Lab Scale Studies on Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Marts Solms) for Biotreatment of Textile Wastewater, Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 3 No.2 pp. 83-88

• Mojiri A., 2012, Phytoremediation of heavy metals from municipal wastewater by Typhadomingensis, African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 6(3), pp. 643-647

• Rachel M., 2001, Enhancement of Metal Ion Removal Capacity of Water Hyacinth,The Chinese University of Hong Kong

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• Sarker K.C. and Dr. Ullaha R., 2013, Determination of Trace Amount Of Copper (Cu) Using Uv-Vis Spectrophotometric Method, International Journal of scientific research and management (IJSRM),Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 23-44

• Shanbehzadeh S., Dastjerdi M.V., Hassanzadeh A., and Kiyanizadeh T.,2014, Heavy Metals in Water and Sediment: A Case Study of Tembi, Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Article ID 858720, 5 pages

• Swain G., Adhikari S. and Mohanty P., 2014, Phytoremediation of Copper and Cadmium from Water Using Water Hyacinth, Eichhornia Crassipes, International Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology (IJAST) Volume 2, Issue 1

• Syuhaida A. W., Norlkadijah S. I., Praveena S. M., Suriyani A., 2014, The Comparison of Phytoremediation Abilities of Water Mimosa and Water Hyacinth, ARPN Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 4, 12

 

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THANK YOU..!!!