Post on 13-Aug-2020
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A Proposal for High Resolution-Time-of-Flight-Aerosol Mass Spectrometer
Dr. S. N. tripathi Dr. Tarun Gupta Dr. Anubha Goel
1. Name of the Equipment High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS).
Generic name AMS. AMS and HR-ToF-AMS are used interchangeably in this
document.
Manufactured by: Aerodyne Research Inc. (ARI), USA
Dimensions
• Size: Approximately 41"W x 24"D x 53"H
• Weight: Approximately 170 kg
• Computer: Current systems are shipped with a rack mounted computer,
Figure 1: High Resolution-ToF-AMS
2. Description of the Equipment (maximum of 300 words, please include
manufacturer's brochures and technical specifications)
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Overview of AMS Technique
Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) is the only currently available
instrument capable of providing quantitative size and chemical mass loading
information in real-time for non-refractory (NR) sub-micron aerosol particles. The
AMS provides instrumental approach
The instrument has
to address the challenging problem of real-
time chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM). The AMS couples size-
resolved particle sampling and mass spectrometric techniques into a single real-time
measurement system.
three main sections
: the aerosol inlet, the particle sizing
chamber, and the particle composition detection section. The aerosol inlet samples
sub-micron aerosol particles into the AMS through an aerodynamic lens, forming a
narrow particle beam which is transmitted into the detection chamber where NR
components are flash vaporized upon impact with a hot surface (~600 ⁰C) under
high vacuum (~ 10-5 Pa) and chemically analyzed via electron impact (EI)
ionization and mass spectrometry.
Outstanding features
By combining aerodynamic lens inlet technology with thermal vaporization and
electron-impact mass spectrometry, AMS provides measurements of speciated PM
mass concentrations and size distributions.
The unique feature of this instrument, compared to laser vaporization aerosol
mass spectrometric techniques, is its use of a detection technique which does not
rely on high powered lasers. This allows a robust and relatively compact design that
can be deployed for field measurements at fixed sites as well as on small aircraft, in
mobile laboratories, and aboard research vessels.
The HR-ToF-AMS enables continuous acquisition of complete mass spectra of
individual particles, and enables the resolution of distinct chemical species based on
mass defect. See brochure (Appendix 1) for details of specifications.
Operating Modes of HR-TOF-AMS
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HR-ToF-AMS is capable of resolution ranging from 2,500 (in V-mode) or 4,500
to 5,000 (in W mode), where the V and W represent the path of the ions in the flight
chamber. Both these operating modes are functional on the same instrument.
Results from the use of high resolution of the HR-ToF-AMS in the field will
provide valuable insight into the elemental composition of organic-containing PM.
Benefits/Applications
The instrument can be used both for field and laboratory studies. The use of HR-
ToF-AMS includes but is not limited to
• Attribution of individual m/z peaks to distinct chemical fragments.
• AMS mass spectra can be de-convoluted into contributions from
hydrocarbonslike organic and oxygenated organic aerosols (HOA and OOA,
respectively), based on covariance of time trends.
• Derivation of emission profiles, identification of local sources (source
profiling), or quantification of particle chemical fluxes.
o This can be used to improve emissions inventories, which are in turn used
in regional and global atmospheric composition models. It is, thus, capable
of providing quantitative measurements of the mass concentration of
aerosol constituents.
• Studying complex processes such as the reactive uptake of chemical species and
the formation of secondary organic aerosol in detail in the laboratory. Accurate
kinetic data obtained can then be employed in larger chemical process models.
3. Background and Justification (explaining how the proposed equipment purchase will be broad-based and relevant to P.G. teaching & research at EEM program).
PM is emitted into the ambient atmosphere either directly as a result of natural
or anthropogenic activities or it can originate as a result of gas to particle conversion
via photochemical or other oxidation pathways. Many underlying mysteries of PM
formation and behavior can be effectively revealed once its chemical components
are accurately and comprehensively determined.
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Several epidemiological studies have shown that atmospheric PM2.5 (fine
particle) mass are strongly associated with increased human mortality from
cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.
Atmospheric PM is also now known to influence the climate on regional to
global scales via poorly understood direct and indirect effects. Optical, physical and
chemical properties of aerosol play a vital role in manifestation of these climatic
perturbations. It is now well understood that presence of absorbing aerosols in large
amounts can significantly modulate the radiative balance of the atmosphere and can
lead to suppression of cloud formation. Atmospheric PM comes in a wide range of
sizes. The smallest nucleation particles ranges from 1–3 nm to 50 nm corresponding
to mass typically below a fraction of a microgram. The physical state and chemical
composition of PM has wider implications for its sampling technique, atmospheric
fate, climatic and health effects.
Table 1 lists major chemical species and conventional characterization
techniques used in PM studies. As is evident, traditionally PM samples are collected
onto Teflon filters for ions and elemental analyses and on quartz substrate for
elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) component analyses. Filter
collected PM is extracted with deionized-distilled water/alcohol mixture, and
analyzed using ion chromatography. Organic material extracted from the filter
collected PM are quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS). Individual species are distinguished by their retention times and by their
mass spectrum upon inter-comparison with the reference standards. Elemental
analysis is usually accomplished using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry) and is well suited for metal speciation, but the samples must first be
processed by microwave-assisted acid digestion. Thermal analysis of filter-collected
PM is used in ambient and source sampling studies to distinguish OC from EC.
Carbonaceous fine particles, rich in EC and OC, are generally associated with
combustion sources. Basically, the method oxidizes carbon in the sample to CO2 in
an inert atmosphere of Helium gas, and quantifies the latter by conversion to CH4
for flame ionization detection.
Table 1: Conventional PM chemical components and list of characterization methods.
Species Sampling medium Analysis method
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Particulate matter Total mass Size selective cyclone for PM10 and PM2.5
Teflon or Teflon impregnated glass fiber (TIGF) filter
Gravimetric
Soluble organic fraction Teflon filter or TIGF Weight loss after extraction with dichloromethane and drying
Elemental/organic carbon Metals and elements Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Pd, …
Pre-fired quartz filter Teflon filter
Thermal/optical reflectance (TOR), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence
Inorganic ions and acids
4232
434
2432
SOH,HNO,HNO,NH,PO,SO,NO,NO +−−−−
Teflon or pre-fired quartz filter and water impingers
Water extraction and ion chromatography
Semi-volatile organic compounds heavy hydrocarbons, PAH, hopanes/steranes
XAD-coated annular denuder-Teflon or TIGF filter-PUF/XAD cartridge
Extraction with organic solvents, HPLC separation, high resolution GC-MS
Nitro-PAH Teflon or TIGF filter followed by PUF/XAD cartridge
Extraction with organic solvents, HPLC separation, negative ion chemical ionization GC-MS
Polar organic compounds Teflon or TIGF filter followed by PUF/XAD cartridge
Extraction, conversion to silyl or methyl ester derivatives, GC-MS
Dioxins/furans Large area Zefluor or TIGF filter
Extraction, high resolution GC-MS
(adapted from Maricq, J. Aerosol Science, 2007)
Limitations of traditional PM chemical composition measurement techniques:
The most advanced version of EC/OC analyzer is still semi-continuous in nature
with a minimum sampling time of 7 min with 12 min of off-line data analysis and
purge time. The ideal atmospheric PM measurement would produce data on the
chemical composition of individual particles as a function of particle diameter, for
particle diameters ranging from a few nm to tens of mm. However, the traditional
PM chemical composition measurement techniques are essentially handicapped as
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they rely on collecting many particles, integrated over long sampling durations, and
measuring their average chemical composition. However, aerosol particle
distributions can be externally mixed, that is, containing chemically differentiated
particles emitted from different sources or products of different atmospheric
chemical histories. Ambient temperature and sampling conditions can further affect
the suitability of marker compounds especially with the traditional filter based
methods. Problems such as hydrocarbon adsorption artifacts including those due gas
phase PAHs on filter media limit the performance of the regulatory gravimetric PM
mass measurement at low levels.
Necessity of real-time instrumental analysis: The chemical complexity and labile
nature of atmospheric PM strongly favors real-time instrumental analysis techniques
that characterize pertinent physical and chemical properties without having to
collect, store, and transport samples. Real-time instruments that measure physical
properties such as particle number densities, mass loadings, and particle mobility or
aerodynamic size distributions have been available for quite some time. However,
real-time instruments that characterize the chemical composition of atmospheric
PM, ideally as a function of particle size, are a more recent development. There are
two main types of aerosol mass spectrometers—those that rely on single particle
laser ablation/ionization and those that utilize thermal desorption/electron impact
ionization; the latter being the most popular, proven and well respected aerosol
mass spectrometer (AMS) developed by Aerodyne, Inc. (US). Below we will
describe the working of AMS, its unique advantages and proposed utilization at
IITK.
Aerodyne HR-ToF-AMS
The AMS uses aerodynamic lens inlet technology together with thermal
vaporization and electron impact mass spectrometry to measure the real-time non-
refractory chemical speciation and mass loading as a function of particle size of fine
aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameters between 50 to 1000 nm at
concentrations of 0.1.1 µg/m3.
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AMS is a time-of-flight mass analyzer that operates in two modes. As a single
reflectron it provides a resolving power of 2100 at m/z 200 and a 1 min average
detection limit of 0.04 µg/m3. Switched into the double reflectron mode the
resolving power increases to 4300, but at ~ 10 times lower sensitivity. This
resolution is sufficiently high to allow separation of different molecular species
having the same nominal m/z value.
Around the World, several studies have been carried out where AMS has
provided good correlation with conventional real-time physical, and filter-based
chemical speciation techniques (Nephelometer, aethalometer, CPC, CCN, EC/OC
analyzer, Ion chromatograph, GC-FID etc.) for major species (PM count, light
attenuation, sulphate, nitrate and OC components like PAHs etc.).
Recently, researchers have combined differential mobility and ICP-MS analysis
for in situ size and composition measurement of metal particles. The monodisperse
particles at the outlet of the DMA (Differential Mobility Analyzer) are introduced
directly into the Argon plasma torch where the plasma causes evaporation and
ionization of the particle constituents followed by detection of individual elements
due to their emitted characteristic wavelength. This is considered a useful
compliment to the AMS.
AMS can classify heterogeneous aerosols according to chemical signatures on a
particle by particle basis and has emerged as a powerful tool for the source
apportionment of urban aerosols. Recently a study that extensively relied on AMS
and GC data, suggested that semivolatile material initially emitted in the particulate
phase can partially evaporate, undergo atmospheric photo-oxidation, and
subsequently nucleate or condense into secondary organic aerosol, a new input for
the current atmospheric models.
Another set of studies using AMS, interestingly revealed that the nano mode of
tailpipe emissions from a heavy duty diesel engine is primarily composed of organic
compounds similar to those found in the lubricating oil. Whereas, for a light duty
diesel engine the same nano mode is actually dominated by the sulphate aerosol
finding their origin in the diesel fuel itself.
Advantages of AMS: The highly time-resolved measurements possible with the
AMS make it an attractive choice for kinetic studies and for detailed
characterization of aerosol properties under controlled laboratory conditions. The
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AMS has been utilized in flow tube and smog chamber studies designed to
investigate several broad topics including:
(a) Transformation of aerosol chemical properties as a function of
heterogeneous oxidation and reactive uptake.
(b) Kinetics and products of secondary aerosol formation in urban and
biogenically influenced terrestrial, biogenically influenced marine, and
extraterrestrial environments.
(c) The effect of chemical composition on aerosol density and water uptake.
Briefly, the HR-ToF-AMS by Aerodyne will complement our current research
resources and significantly enhance our capabilities to contribute towards better
understanding and offering solutions to the policy makers. Alongside our students
will also benefit through training they will receive from the teaching classes based
on this instrument.
4. Technical impact envisaged (explaining how the proposed equipment will be a
game-changer in P.G. teaching & research in EEM program).
Last decade has seen enormous growth in aerosol research with a quest to: (1)
reduce the uncertainty in aerosols effects on climate change, and (2) develop better
understanding of aerosols harmful effects on human health, which is manifested by
97 papers published in highest impact journals (29 in Nature, 38 in Science and 30
in PNAS during last decade). The list, which is compiled by a title search of
‘aerosol’ only, will grow to 200+ if abstracts are also included. To the best of our
knowledge such growth is unseen in any other area of science.
Previous section has summarized the role aerosols play in human health, air
quality and climate change, which is linked with their physical (optical,
morphological, radiative and hygroscopic) and chemical properties. Simultaneous,
real-time physical and chemical characterization of aerosol either in ambient setting
or those emanating from a source is a major challenge. Aerosol size ranges from a
few nm to about tens of micron. Even an ensemble of aerosols of one size is
composed of various chemical species (e.g. sulphate, nitrate, metal oxides, black
carbon, organic carbon, refractory material) which could be present as external
(each species is physically separated) or internal mixture (species are present as a
homogeneous or core-shell) or both. Aerosol size determines how deep they can
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penetrate in the human respiratory system. However, the damage to human health is
also governed by their chemical composition and their propensity for water uptake.
Real-time measurement of the chemical composition of nanometer-size particle,
together with its size and mixing state, which has a mass of ~ 10-20 g, is a daunting
challenge for the present analytical techniques. The HR-ToF-AMS, which is also
commonly referred to as AMS, has combined several state-of-the-art techniques to
measure all the required information in real time as already described in the
previous section. Today some of the best universities (Harvard, MIT, Lawrence
Berkeley National Lab, ETH etc.) across the world have some version of AMS. A
total of 450 international papers have been published solely based on the results
from this instrument in the last decade.
Research
The EEM group at IITK has demonstrated its capabilities in the key areas of
research viz. air quality, health and climate. The group is well equipped with aerosol
sampling and characterization instrumentation required (both particle, and gas) to
venture into new cutting edge research avenues emerging in these areas.
Recent lab based chamber studies at Carnegie-Mellon have shown that the
growth of metal oxide nano particles crucially depends on the coating material
(Figure 2). The existing well equipped, artificial fog and smog chamber facilities at
IITK can be coupled in tandem with the proposed AMS and can be potentially
employed to investigate the formation, fate and removal of nano particles. This will
tremendously enhance our understanding of the specific conditions and precursors
which lead to dense fog episodes; and will possibly lead to evolution of practical
remedies to mitigate/minimize these events. The harmful impacts of nano particles,
in the advent of nano technology driven growth, is in its nascent stage even in the
most developed nations. The projected cost to health system due to adverse effect of
particulate pollution in India is of the order of 100 billion USD as estimated by a
latest Harvard study. EEM is uniquely placed to become a global leader in this area
of research. The new frontier areas where we would like to embark upon are:
• Health impact of nano particles
(industrial/residential/atmospheric/biogenic)
• Organic Aerosol (OA) linkages to fog and cloud formation
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• Leap frogging in air quality (source apportionment/source
profiling/emission inventory)
• Understanding the nano PM formation pathways (typical Indian conditions
and distinct sources presents us with a unique opportunity)
Figure 2: The cartoon shows the effects of coating on growth vs nucleation of metal oxides nano particles. Reproduced from Lee and Donahue (2011, Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society).
The role of fog in the formation, growth, and interaction of OA, composed of at
least thousands of organic compounds, is poorly understood. Our recent work at IIT
(Figure 3a) Kanpur has shown that fog droplets act as micron size chemical reactors
producing large amount of SOA (Secondary OA). We carried out filter based bulk
chemical measurements on submicron aerosol in that study. We plan to investigate
the role of SOA in the fog formation and subsequent visibility reduction both in
laboratory and in field. In this context, the AMS in particular can provide the crucial
information on O:C ratio in the aerosol (on individual particle basis) which is
directly proportional to its ability of acting as seed for fog (cloud) formation (Figure
3b). The winter fog over north India has been a major environmental hazard from
health and transportation perspective. Our research can provide major insight into
this problem.
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3: (a) 3: (b)
Figure 3: (a) Enhanced formation of SOA at Kanpur (Kaul et al., Environmental Science and Technology, 2011).
Figure 3: (b) Global distribution of OA obtained from AMS (Jimenez et al., 2009, Science).
In addition, AMS can provide immensely useful information on particle
chemistry as a function of size which can help identify the sources contributing to it.
This information will be crucial to policy makers dealing with air pollution control
strategies.
Teaching
Currently, EEM program offers 3 courses viz. Air Pollution and Its Control
(EEM 606), Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry (EEM 613) and Environmental
Quality and Pollution Monitoring Techniques (EEM 604) which will be augmented
with the advanced material after arrival of AMS. EEM 613 deals with fundamentals
of physics and chemistry of aerosols/particles whereas EEM 606 is concerned
mainly with the introduction to air pollution theme and its control. Basic analytical
skills relevant to environmental field are taught in EEM 604. We envisage that EEM
613 will be suitably modified to include a couple of lectures on mass spectrometry
such that students can understand the underlying principle of AMS prior to their
visit and detail demonstration and brief training on AMS as part of EEM 604.
Currently, both EEM 604 and EEM 613 are taught in the same semester and EEM
606 is taught in the previous one. It is also envisaged that at least 5-6 M.Tech.
research theses every year will be solely based on the proposed AMS. In addition,
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we expect 2-3 PhD students will have AMS based research/experiments as a major
part of their theses. Training on AMS will open new and challenging positions in
the industry (e.g. semi-conductor manufacturing, indoor air quality control devices
etc. where traditionally EEM students are not hired) for our students. Some of them
may stay on after their exposure to advanced level of research to pursue doctoral
research at IITK. We also firmly believe that we will be able to attract more and
brighter Ph.D. students who will in turn increase our scientific output. This will
create an ideal situation for academic growth. The proposed facility may also help
attract bright faculty in EEM.
Enhanced collaborative research initiatives
The proposed instrument may provide the appropriate impetus for the
collaborative research with the other departments across the institute. We foresee a
strong synergy between EEM group, engine research lab (ME) and combustion lab
(AE) in future. Today many of the process studies in the engine exhaust as well in
the flame are severely constrained by the lack of real time size-resolved, chemical
composition measurements. The proposed AMS will fill-in this gap adequately.
The AMS equipped chamber facility with full capability to simulate fog cycle is
also expected to serve as a test-bed for any future vision system aimed for railways.
This may also have other strategic defense related applications.
Many leading schools in US have set up centers for aerosol/particle research in
the recent years with the participating faculty members from civil, mechanical,
chemical, chemistry and aerospace. We foresee such possibility in near future in the
institute driven by the AMS!
References
Canagratna, M.R., Jayne, J.T., Jimenez, J.L. et al. (2007). Chemical and
microphysical characterization of ambient aerosols with the Aerodyn aerosol
mass spectrometer. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 26, 185-222.
DeCarlo, P. F., Kimmel, J. R., Trimborn, A., Northway,M. J., Jayne, J. T., Aiken,
A. C., et al. (2006). Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight aerosol
mass spectrometer. Analytical Chemistry, 78, 8281–8289.
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Dockery, D.W., Pope, C.A., Xu, X.P., Spengler, J.D., Ware, J.H., Fay, M.E., Ferris,
B.G. and Speizer, F.E. (1993). An Association between Air Pollution and
Mortality in 6 United States Cities. New Eng J Med 329:1753–1759.
Ferge, T., Karg, E., Schroppel, A., Coffee, K. R., Tobias, H. J., Frank, M., et al.
(2006). Fast determination of the relative elemental and organic carbon content
of aerosol samples by on-line single particle aerosol time-of-flight mass
spectrometry. Environmental Science & Technology, 40, 3327–3335.
Jacobson, M. Z. (2001). Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black
carbon in atmospheric aerosols. Nature, 409, 695–697.
Jayne, J. T., Leard, D. C., Zhang, X., Davidovits, P., Smith, K. A., Kolb, C. E., et al.
(2000). Development of an aerosol mass spectrometer for size and composition
analysis of submicron particles. Aerosol Science and Technology, 33, 49–70.
Jimenez, J. L., et al. (2009). Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere,
Science, 326, DOI: 10.1126/science.1180353.
Kaul, D. S., Tarun Gupta, S. N. Tripathi, V. Tare, J. L. Collett Jr. (2011). Secondary
organic aerosol: A comparison between foggy and nonfoggy days,
Environmental Science & Technology, 45(17), 7307-7313.
Lee, Joohyung and Neil M. Donahue (2011). Secondary organic aerosol coating of
synthetic metal_oxide nanoparticles, Environ. Sci. Technology, 45, 4689–4695,
2011.
Maricq, M.M. (2007). Chemical characterization of particulate emissions from
diesel engines: A review. J. Aerosol Sci., 38, 1079-1118.
Myojo, T., Takaya, M. and Ono-Ogasawara, M. (2002). DMA as a gas converter
from aerosol to “argonsol” for real-time chemical analysis using ICP-MS.
Aerosol Science and Technology, 36, 76–83.
Odum, J. R., Jungkamp, T. P.W., Griffin, R. J., Flagan, R. C. and Seinfeld, J. H.
(1997). The atmospheric aerosol-forming potential of whole gasoline vapor.
Science, 276, 96–99.
Penner, J. E., Chuang, C. C. and Grant, K. (1998). Climate forcing by carbonaceous
and sulfate aerosols. Climate Dynamics, 14, 839–851.
Pope III, C. A., Burnett, R. T., Thurston, G. D., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski,
D., et al. (2004). Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate
air pollution. Circulation, 109, 71–77.
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Pöschl, U., et al. (2010). Rainforest aerosols as biogenic nuclei of clouds and
precipitation in the Amazon, Science, 329.
Robinson, A. L., Donahue, N. M., Shrivastava, M. K., Weitkamp, E. A., Sage, A.
M., Grieshop, A. P., et al. (2007). Rethinking organic aerosols: Semivolatile
emissions and photochemical aging. Science, 315, 1259–1262.
Schneider, J., Hock, N.,Weimer, S., Borrmann, S., Kirchner, U., Vogt, R., et al.
(2005). Nucleation particles in diesel exhaust: Composition inferred from in situ
mass spectrometric analysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 39, 6153–
6161.
Tobias, H. J., Kooiman, P. M., Docherty, K. S. and Ziemann, P. J. (2000). Real-time
chemical analysis of organic aerosols using a thermal desorption particle beam
mass spectrometer. Aerosol Science Technology, 33, 170–190.
5. Budget estimate (support with manufacturer's budgetary quote that includes
the maintenance cost for the next 5 years). As per the communication received from Tesscorn, Banglore (Indian sales representative of Aerodyn Inc. USA) dated 24/09/2011 (Quotation Ref: TQARI9241-Appendix 2): Item Description 1 HR-ToF Aerosol Mass Spectrometer system for sub-micron
aerosol sizing and chemical analysis. -Standard aerosol sampling inlet (40 nm – 1 μm transmission range). -Custom differentially pumped high vacuum system (24 VDC operation). -High Resolution HRToFMS system, continuous mass spec, 0-1200 amu mass resolution 2000-5000 -Data acquisition computer and flat screen monitor. -Data acquisition and instrument control software (AMS V4.0 or most recent). -Data analysis software tools. -Integrated instrument/electronics system rack. -Reusable instrument shipping container. -Technical training at AERODYNE RESEARCH, Inc. for 1-2 people for one week. Price [EX-WORKS] Massachusetts, USA: $ 517,000.00
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6. Users’ profile of the equipment. Sachchidanand Tripathi*,▪ is Associate Professor and Sir M. Vishvesharaya
Fellow in the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Department of Civil
Engineering. He has a PhD in Meteorology from the University of Reading in
aerosol science and Post doc from the Oxford University. He has published 54 peer-
reviewed publications with more than 600 citations, was awarded the NASI-
SCOPUS Asia-Pacific Young Scientist Award in Earth Sciences and is a NASA
Senior Fellow. His major area of research lies in Aerosol Optical Properties,
Aerosol Microphysical properties, Cloud Microphysical Properties and Cloud
Electrical Properties, and Fog Vision, Electrical Properties of the Martian
atmosphere.
Tarun Gupta*,▪ is Associate Professor at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur in
the Department of Civil Engineering. He holds a Doctor of Science degree in the
field of Environmental Health and two years Post-Doc experience from Harvard
University School of Public Health. He has published more than 30 peer-reviewed
international journal articles and has been bestowed upon with IEI Young Engineer,
INAE Young Engineer and INSA Medal for Young Scientist Awards. His major
area of research lies in Aerosol Chemical Speciation, Aerosol Control
Instrumentation and related Human Exposure and Risk Assessment.
Anubha Goel*,▪ is Assistant Professor at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Department of Civil Engineering. She has a PhD in Environmental Engineering
from University of Maryland, USA in air quality of agricultural regions. She has
published 5 peer-reviewed journal articles, was awarded Dean’s Dissertation
Fellowship for her doctoral research and DAAD Scholarship for Masters research in
Germany. Her major area of research lies in Air quality and agriculture, Fate and
phase distribution of pollutants, Environmental monitoring and modeling the
distribution of contaminants on ambient air particles.
Mukesh Sharma*,▪ is Professor at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Department of Civil Engineering. He has a PhD in the field of Environmental
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Engineering (University of Waterloo, Canada). He has published 60 peer-reviewed
publications, was an Invitee for Developing Water Quality Criteria of National
Rivers, and was awarded Japan Society Fellowship for the Promotion of Science
(JSPS). His major area of research lies in Air quality modeling and management,
Fate processes of organic pollutants and parameter estimation.
Debajyoti Paul* is Assistant Professor at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Department of Civil Engineering. He has a PhD in the field of Geosciences from
Cornell University. His He has published more than 20 peer-reviewed journal
articles, was awarded Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship for post-doctoral
research in Germany. His major area of research lies in Geochemistry, Mantle
Dynamics, Paleo-climate reconstruction.
Avinash Agarwal* is Associate Professor at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Department of Mechanical Engineering. He has a PhD in the field of Mechanical
Engineering from IIT Delhi and Post doc from University of Wisconsin, Madison,
USA, He has published more than 60 peer-reviewed journal articles, was awarded
INAE Young Engineer, INSA Young Scientist Awards and Career Award for
Young Teachers. His major area of research lies in Combustion phenomenon study
in IC Engines, alternate fuels, Vehicular Pollution, Laser Diagonistic Techniques,
Micro- sensor Development and Lubricating Oil Tribology.
Nishith Verma* is Professor in the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Department of Chemical Engineering. He has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from
the University of Arizona. He has published more than 50 journal articles, received
Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellowship, was awarded AICTE career award
for the young teacher. His research interests are focused on Adsorption,
Environmental pollution control, Synthesis and application of carbon nanofibers and
particles, Mathematical modeling and simulation
Abhijit Kushari* is Associate Professor in the Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur Department of Aerospace Engineering. He has a PhD in Aerospace
Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), USA and
Post doc from Georgia Tech . He has published more than 20 peer-reviewed journal
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articles, was awarded Consulting Fellowship at World Innovation Foundation. His
research interests are focused on Rocket and Gas Turbine Propulsion,
Instrumentation in Combustion and Fluid Mechanics, Liquid Atomization and
Liquid Combustion, Active Flow Control, Combustion Instability, Experimental
Fluid Mechanics, High Speed Flows.
* Researcher, ▪ Instructor
7. Infrastructural requirements (e.g., space, flooring, ceiling, AC, electric supply, water, drainage, and compressed air)
Dimensions
• Size: Approximately 41"W x 24"D x 53"H
• Weight: Approximately 170 kg Computer: Current systems are shipped with a rack mounted computer AC room required.
8. Maintenance plan (include the AMC and spare costs for the next 5 years, if not included in the budget estimate) The quote supplied to us does not provide this information.
9. For more information about PIs please visit the websites listed below.
http://home.iitk.ac.in/~snt/ http://home.iitk.ac.in/~tarun/ http://home.iitk.ac.in/~anubha/ More details on AMS can be found at: http://www.aerodyne.com/