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Transactions and Proceedings . of the
Palaeontological Society of Japan
New Series No. 18
Palaeontological Society of Japan
June 20, 1955
CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
263. lsogramma paotechowe11sis (GRABAU et CHAo) from the Permian of
Japan ........................................................................... Masao MINATO 29
264. Tertiary Mollusca from Taishu Mine, Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture,
Japan ........................................................................... Saburo KANNo 31
265. Evolution of Peroniceratidae ................................. Tatsuro MATSUMoTo 37
266. llidaella, r new genus of the Pennsylvanian fusulinids from the Fukuji
district, eastern part of the Hida mountainland, Central Japan ........... .
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Haruyoshi FuJIMoTo and Hisayoshi IGo 45
267. Spirosigmoili~tclla, a new foraminiferal genus from the Miocene of Japan
........................................................................... Takashi MATSUNAGA 49
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED (9) ............................................................. ~. ... 51
PROCEEDINGS .......................................................................................... 51
President: Hisakatsu Y ABE
Counciiiors: Kiyoshi AsAr:-;o, Riuji E:-loo (Business and Accountant), Scido
ENoo, Haruyoshi FuJIMOTo (Publication), Shoshiro HANZAWA, lchiro
HAYASAKA, Nobuo lKEUE, Teiichi KoBAYASHI (Editor), Jiro MAKIYAMA,
Tatsuro MATSUMoTo, Masao MINATo, Tokio SuiKAMA, Fuyuji TAKAI
(General Affairs), Hisakatsu YABE.
All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
Trans. Pro.:. Pal:teont. Soc. Japan. N. S .. No. 18, pJ). 29-30. 1 text-fig., june 20, 1955
263. ISOGRAMMA PAOTECHOWENSIS (GRABAU ET CHAO)
FROM THE PERMIAN OF JAPAN*
MASAO MINATO
Hokkaido University, Sapporo
Isogramma paotechowet~sis (GRADAU et CHAo) 8:<fi:(l)=:~f;e/mi:.Pl-t: ;iiJJII~t.'i,tr·;~~]J,!,:;$:
an!IJJ :ltt1~1ll~iR-c:Jil.Ji!J<I'Ht.E:a:-=!*m L-t.::o:. -{-(l)!:pi.:.~~(l)fil\;6:~. < -t.tt ·n ·t.:.o :::f%~t.dl~*-r't ~~;6:1.·'1::>1,;? (l)lJC~:a:-fi'-?t.:o *filllt~*· :6/iit~~im~ L-cfl!Hs·~~vt:~t.:tl:. -{-(1)~fl::lt=:1:1;~:C. 1:::. ifJiE tt ~"' ~ (, (1) ·{! ~. Q 0 ~ 1Fjfji
Jsogramma paoteclwwensis (GRABAU et CuAo) is a brachiopod characterized by its large size. semi-circular shell form and quite unusual ornamentation of shell surface.
Very lately this species was discovered for the first time in Japan by S. MAE
KAWA at Hoso-o-zawa, Tukit:-~te-mura.
Motoyoshi-gun. Miyagi Prefecture. The geological horizon of this occurrence is the Lower Kanokura seriesD of the Kitakami mountains. and is doubtlessly Permian in age.
The writer is grateful to Mr. S. MAF.
KAWA for his courtesy in submitting his specimen for study to the present writer.
Isogramma paoteclwwe11sis (GRABAU et CnAo)
Text-fig. 1
1928. Aulacorhynclms Jmotechowensis, GRABAU et CHAO: Productidae of China, 2, Pa· laeout. Sinica, Ser. B, vol. V, fasc. III, p.
3:3, pl. 1, figs. 1-5. 1931. Isogramma paotechowensis, AIGNER und
HERITSCII: Das Genus Isogramma im Carbon der SUdalpen. Denkschrijten d. Akad. lVissn!schaj'tell IVien. J.fathem.-Nal. Wiss . .h.?asse, 102, p. 307, pl. 2, figs. 32-36; pl. 3, figs. 37-44; pl. 4, figs. 45-51 ; pl. 5,
figs. 52, 53, 67, 71.
* Read Oct. 1954; received Nov. 2, 1954
1935. Isogramma paotechouJeusis, 1\IETZ: Eine Fauna aus den untersten Schichten des Ohercarbons der 1\.arnischen Alpen. N. ]b. f Min. usw. Heil. Bd. 75, Abt. U, p. 171, pl. 5, fig. 17.
Shell attaining quite a large size. transversely semicircular in outline. Both cardinal and frontal margins of the shell are torn off. but width of shell is estimated to be nearly twice the length: namely, it is 128 mm wide, while it is assumed to be about 64 mm in length. Hinge-line is straight, probably equaling the greatest width of shell, or possibly only slightly shorter. Shell is slightly concave around umbonal region, but is otherwise almost flat.
Cardinal area distinct, about 3 mm high at umbonal region, gradually lowering toward cardinal extremities. On cardinal area, external surface sculpture is impressed, which consists of minute punctures with indistinct vertical striae here and there.
Numerous, sharply raised concentric lirae decorate whole shell surface which are almost parallel everywhere to the shell margins, and alternating with rather flattish concave furrows of almost equal width. In these fiat-bottomed furrows very numerous punctures are observed that are generally arranged in
-29-
30 l\bs:to l'viiNATO
Text-fig. 1. lsogmmma paotechowensis (GRABAU et CHAO) x 1. Phot.: S. KtJI\IANo
four rows along concentric lirae. No internal structure observable, be
cause the specimen is preserved as a mold of an external surface of the shell.
Remarks :-With regard the general outer form, size and sculpture, the spe::.imen under consideration is doubtlessly conspecific with lsogramma paolcchowcnsis, described by CnAo, AIGt-:ER and HERITscu and also by Mnz. Formerly CuAo claimed the dorsal valve of this species to lack cardinal area, however, it is not true: AIGNER and HERITScH recognized its presence and illustrated in many figures. The presence of the cardinal area in the dorsal valve is also ascertained in the Kitakarni specimen as above deacribed.
This species was once believed to represent the Upper Carboniferous but not the Permian. However, all of CHAo's specimens were said to have been derived from the Taiyuan formation of North China, so that the age of this species must be now regarded Lower Permian : furthermore, AIGNER and liERJTscH described this species from the Cora-formation in the Carnic Alps, and accordingly the geological age of this species can not but be Permian.
Besides, the age of the so-called
Waideggerfauna (the so-called Upper Carboniferous fauna) in association with Isogramma paotcclrozccmis described by METZ from the Carnic Alps is also of the Permian age.
The Kitakami specimen also is Permian, nnd especially the Early Middle Permian in age, being found in association with Productus grafiosus, Liuoproductus cora, Derbyia gra11(/is, 1\largiuifera lougispinus. Spidfen'na cristata, etc. Thus, the occurrence wholly coincides with that of the Waideggerfauna in the Carnic Alps. All the associate species of Isogramma in the Kita.kami Mountains were also found by Mwrz in his Waideggerfauna in the Carnic Alps.
Loc. :-Hoso-o-zawa. Tsukitate-mura, Motoyoohi-gun. Miyagi Prefecture. Horizot~:-Lower Kanokura Series. Coli.:
S. MAEKAW A. Reg. 110.: 17838. Department Geol. & l\'1in. Hokkaido Univ. Sapporo.
R<'fcrcnl'cS HAYASAKA, 1. and l\1. MINATO (1954): A note
on the Carboniferous and Permian faunas
of Japan. ]o111·. Foe. Sci. llokkaido Univ .. vol. 8.
-- and -- (1954·a): The Palaeozoic of
Japan. Comptes rendus de Ia Dix-Neuvii'me session, Alger 1952, Sectioll XIII, Fascicu/e XIII. p. 193.
Trans. !'roc. l'alaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 18, pp. 31-36, Pl. 6, l text-fig., june 20, 1\!55
264. TERTIARY MOLLUSCA FROM TAISHU MINE, TSUSHIMA,
NAGASAKI PREFECTURE, JAPAN*
SABURO KANNO
Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo
~.!13. ::CHIIDt.lll~ it'ft:rii.:"':JI. ,-c: ~~q;;:.C~1i!~llli1· ~~f*m~tt.t:: iHt:rillH:~iM L t.:~i:lr: 14 00 ~fiij5E Lt.:. -t"->~.:W:.::.tt.tC>Mt:rilif~*tr~~n:-'}~ :1J-*: tC>:tvn 't.: J.: 'J t7li < MVrtltilM H.: It rrfiiltf.liJIII"-> t "->"{!~~.::.c. a-rotf,;i Lt:. *lllE~f!&
Introduction
Through the kindness of Mr. I. SAGA. geologist of the Toho-Aen Company, the writer had a chance to study the molluscan fossils collected h·om the Taishu Mine in Sasu-mura, Tsushima Island, Nagasaki Prefecture. Japan.
\Vith regard lo the geology of the island. there arc three reports, namely, by T. NASA (1891), D. SATo (1908) and I. TATEIWA (1934). T. NAsA pointed out that the island consists e;osentially of disturbed alternating beds of shale and sandstone intruded in places by granite. quartz-porphyry, porphyrite etc. These rocks. he stated, show resemblance to the Jurmsic series of Central Japan. However. he found no fossils. D. SA-ro divided the strata into Lower and Upper. The former occupies the northwestern part of Kami-shima and the latter the remaining part of the island. Their boundary extends northwesterly from \Vaniura to Inugaura. From lithologic similarity, he compared the beds with the Mesozoic rocks of southwestern Japan. and with those of south Korea. Although he recorded the occurrence of the molluscan and plant remains, no definite age was
* i{ead. Ocl. !J, 1954; received Nov. 7, 1954
31
ascribed because of their bad preservation. I. TATEIWA collected a small flora from a dark grey shale expoEed on a roadside cutting near the village of Kotsuki in Shimo-jima and from a similar shale rear the entrance lo the village of Saka in Kami-shima. From the flora which comprises 16 forms of plant leaves, he determined its geological age to be Cretaceous- Paleogene.
Such being the state of our previous knowledge on the geologic age of these beds, the present fauna is considered to have important bearing on the problem.
The writer wishes to express his gratitude to Mr. I. SAGA. geologist of the Toho-Aen Company, for kindly offering his collection for examination and for oral information concerning their geological occurrence, and to Drs. Haruyoshi Fun~loTo and Kotora HATAJ, both of our Institute, for their constant guidance during the course of the present work.
Fossil localities and occurrence
The Taishu group (TATEJWA, 1934), generally speaking, is an alternation of dark grey sandstone and black or dark grey slaty shale, each having a thickness of about 10 em. /\nd there often is a ripple mark between the sandstone and the shale.
32 Saburo KANNO
Text-fig. 1. 1\laps showing the locality.
So far to date. fossils have been hardly reported from Tsushima excepting plant and a few fragmental molluscan fossils. However, molluscan fossils were discovered in 1953 by I. SAGA from in the Shintomi-pit and Himi-pit of the Taishu Mine (Text-fig. 1). The fossils were derived from a one meter thick shale intercalated in the alternation of sandstone and shale. The shale, although massive, appears as a breccia in containing a number of angular pumice, quartz-porphyry and porphyrite.
The 14 species which are each represented by only one or several individuals ·were obtained from the Shintomipit. The shells are rather well preserved but are impregnated with pyrite in part.
The distinguished forms arc : 1. Acila (s. s.) sp. A single fragment. 2. Nucula (Lamellinucu/a) cf. hizcncnsis
NAGAo .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . Pl. 6, Fig. 1. A single fractured specimen.
3. Anadara sp. A single fragmentary specimen .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . Pl. 6. Fig. 2.
4. Chlamys ( Coralich/amys ?) cf. rutteni
l'VlARTIN
5. Patinopectcn kimurai (YoKOYAMA)
6. Cyrena aff. mirabilis NAGAO ... Pl. 6, Fig. 9. A single specimen.
7. Lucinoma sp. A single fragmentary specimen ........................ Pl. 6, Fig. 10.
8. Venericardia cf. yoshidai NAGAO... .. . .. .. Pl. 6. Fig. ll.
9. Meretrix aff. pseudomeretrix NAGAO .......................... Pl. 6, Fig. 12. A single specimen.
10. Dosinia cf. chikuzenensis NAGAo
11. Telli11a sp.
12. Phaxus aff. izumoensis (YoKoYAMA)
13. Euspira cf. ashiyaensis (NAc;Ao) ....................... Pl. 6, Fig. 17. 1JI pres;!rved specimen.
14. Neverila insig11is (NAGAO) A single specimen .................. Pl. 6, Figs. 18a-b
Geologie age of the Taishu fauna
T. NAsA (1891) considered the beds in question to be Jurassic in age from their lithologic resemblance to the Jurassic :;trata of Central JaJ)an. D. SATo (1908) claimed them to of Mesozoic
Tertiary lVIollusca from Taishu !\line, Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan 33
because of their lithologic resemblance with the 1\Iesozoic rocks of Nagato, southwestem Japan. and with those of south Korea. However, I. T ATEIW A (1934) pointed out that the beds, from their plant fossils and stratigraphic consideration. are of Cretaceo· Paleogene age. So far as the flora is concemecl. a Lower Tertiary age seems possible. but he was inclined to regard the beds are rather old owing to the stratigraphic relation of them to the rocks that intruded beds. These intrusive rocks are probably contemporaneous with the eruptive rocks of the Bukkokuji group of south Korea, whose eroded surface is covered by the Choki series which contains a Paleogene flora of the so-called Arctic Miocene type.
The present molluscan fauna, although inadequate for discussing the chronological age, is important in that there is no evidence for a Cretaceous age. The molluscan fauna is similar to that of the Paleogene Ashiya group in northern Kyushu, Japan. However, Patitwpccten kimurai (YoKoYAMA) and the genus Dosiuia are dominant elements in the early half of the Miocene in Japan. The plant fossils reported by TATEIWA
seems to be of Tertiary age. Therefore. the writer concludes that the geological age is late Paleogene or early l\'lioccne. However. it must be kept in mind that the age is restricted to the fossiliferous beds and not to be the whole. Therefore, it may be added that detailed stratigraphic work is necessary to clear the problem existing between the fossiliferous beds to the geology of the island.
Systematic Description
Familr Pectinidae
Genus Chlamys RontNG, 1798
Clllamvs (Corali'chlamys ?) ct. rut/cui IVfARTIK, 1914
Plate 6. Fig. 3
1952. Chlamys (Coralichlamys?) mltcui l\IIZUNO.
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc .. Japan (NS.). 110, 6, pp, 188-189, pl. 17, fig. 6.
A single right valve. It is broken at its umbonal and postero-dorsal parts, and measures 6.0mm in length and 6.4mm in height. This specimen has a small shell and more than twenty narrow radial ribs which are separated by broader interspaces.
Genus Patinopecictz DALJ., 1898
Patiuopcctcn kimurai (YoKoYAMA), 1925
Plate 6, Figs. 4-8
1925. Pecten kimttrai YoKOYAI\IA, four. Col/. Sci.. Imp. Utziv. Tokyo, IJO/. 45, art. 5, p. 27, pl. 4, figs. 1-6, pl. 2, fig. ·1.
Shell large, orbicular, more or Ieos compressed. subequilateral. the anterodorsal margin being slightly longer than the posterodorsal. Surface with radial rits. Right valve with eight radiating ribs with no longitudinal riblets or striae on their backs, separated by f'hallow valleys of about equal breadth which are smooth at bottom and show no demarcation against the ribs. Ears subequal, the anterior one smaller, triangular in outline with its anterior border somewhat convex; byssal notch hardly developed ; posterior ear also triangular but gently curved from the hinge.line to the posterior border. Isolated left Yalve3 which probably belong to the same spccie3 are less convex. provided with fi11e network. granular ornamentation and radial ribs; ribs about eight in number, roof-like, sharp, with valleys
34 Sahuro KANNu
equally formed, that is to say broadly V -shaped : ears suhequal. triangular. provided with a few radiating riblets. Hinge-line nearly straight but oblique. The largest specimen (fig. 4) is 81 mm in height, about 80 mm in length and 36 mm in length of hinge-line while another (fig. 5) measures 20 mm in height, 20.5 mm in length and 9 mm in length of hinge-line.
Remarks :-The specimens resemble Patitzopecten llimurai (YoKoY AI\ I A) (1925) from the Jo-Ban Coal-field, but diverge therefrom by having no radial striae on the ribs of the right valve, and more elevated and rigid ribs. P. murayamai (YoKoYAMA) (1926), is also similar but is distinguishable by having equilateral valves. and in having the right and left valves nearly equaL P. kimurai ugocnsis HATAI and NtstYAMA (1940) differs by having subequal valves. no strong radial ribs and smaller shells. P. kimumi tiganouraensis NAKAMURA ('1940) is dis· tinguishable by having a less number of ribs which are gently elevated and broadly rounded. P. kyushucusis (NAGAO)
(1928) from the Paleogene of Kyusllu, Japan. is somewhat akin but has numerous ribs. Therefore. the present specimens may represent a new form. However, the state of preservation does not permit establishing a new name.
Family Veneridae
Genus Do~inia Scopof.l, 1777
Dosinia cf. clzikuzcnettsis NAGAo, 1928
Plate 6, Fig. 13.
1928. Dosi11ia cllikuZi!IICIISis NACAo, Sci. R1~p.,
Tohoku Imp. llniv.. 211d ser.. rot. 12, 110. 1, p. 64 (5·1), pl. 10, fig;;, -1-7, 9.
Although the single specimen at hand
is more or less compressed, it resembles the paratype (fig. 14) of the named species figured by NAGAo from northern Kyushu, Japan. Dimensions: 39.8rnm in length, 38.1mm in height.
Family Tell inidae
Genus Tellitla LJNNf:. 1758
Tel/ina sp. inclet.
Plate 6, Fig. 15.
Shell of moderate size. compressed, transversely elongate-ovate in outline. Antero-dorsal margin fairly arched. postero-dorsal marigin straight with an indistinct excavation behind the umbo, and forming an angle of about 1<15° with the antero-dorsal. Anterior end evenly rounded, the posterior one rostrate and subtruncate: ventral margin broadly arcuate. Umbo small, pointe::!, inconspicuous. Surface with crowded, narrow and incremental concentric lines. Test thin. Hinge plate and teeth unknown.
Dimcnsiou :-34 mm in height anp 54mm in length.
Remarks :-The single left valve is somewhat similar to T. maxima NAGAO
(1928), but differs by having a more cornpre...~ed shell, more rotmded anterior end and rostrate posterior end. It is also similar to the T. sp. figured by NAGAo
(1928) from the Kiuragi Mine, northern Kyushu, Japan. ~ince the Kiuragi specimens are both right valves. precise comparison between these two forms is difficult, but the writer holds the view that these two forms may prove to the same specimens.
Family Glauconomidae
Genus Phaxus LEACH, 1852
Tl'rtiary Mollusca from Taishu Mine. Tsushima. 1\:agas•Jki Prefecture, Japan 3;>
Plwxus aff. iz11mocnsis
(YoKOYAMA). 1923
Plate 6, Fig. 16.
1923. Cultcl/us izumoensis YoKOYAMA. ]ajJan. ]our. r:co/. (;cogr .. vol. 2, p. 5, pl. 2. fig. 1.
1925. Culte/lus izumoensis YoKOYAMA. ]our. Col/. Sci., Tokyo Imp. Univ., vo/. ·15, art. 6, p. 18, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3.
1928. Cultel/us izumoensis NAGAo. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. U1ziv., 2nd ser .. t•ol 12, 110.
1, p. 82 (75), pl. 4, fig<l. 1-4.
One specimen. It resernble3 Cultel/us sp. aff. C. izumoe11sis YoKoYAl\IA, tlgurcd
by NAGAo (1928) from the Paleogene
formation of Kyushu. However. our
specimen is not well pre...~rvecl and is
represented by an external mould. There
fore a more precise comparison with
NAGAo's specimens is rendered diflicult.
Heferences
ARNOLD, R., ( 1906). Quaternary and Tertiary Pectens of California. Prof. Paper, U. S. Ceo/. Sun1., 110 . ..J7, pp. 1-146.
RATA!, K. :md NIS!YA"!\fA. S .. (1940), Paleontological Notes on Certain Japanense Scallops. four. Geol. Soc. ]ajJan, no/. -16. 110.
544, pp. :i7-46.
MATSUSIIITA, H., (1949), Stratigraphical Studies on the Paleogene in Northern Kyushu (in Japanese). Sci. Rep., Fac. Sci., l(vushu Univ. Geol .. t•ol. 3, 110. 1.
l\1IzuNo, A., (1952). Des::ription of the Paleo-
gene l\lollus:a from Sakito, Nagasaki Prefecture, Jap:m. Trans. Proc. l'alaeollt. Soc. fapau (NS.). vol. 6, pp. 185-193.
:t\AGAo, T .. (1926), Stratigraphical Studies on the Paleogene in Kyushu, Japan (in Japanese). ]our. Ceo/. Soc. Tokyo, t:ol. 38, 110 .. f.ffj, pp. 115-130, 110 .• J.J7, pp. 263-269, 110 .. J.J8, pp. 317-323, JIO. 449, pp. 363-:~73. 110. 450, pp. 457-460. 110. 452, pp. 596-603, 110. 453, pp. 663 ·671.
--. ( 1928:~), Paleogene Fossils of the Island of Kyushu. Japan, Part I. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Imp. llniv., 2nd ser., vol. 9, no. 3.
--. (1928b). ibid, Part II. difto.,vol. 12,110.1. NAKAMtmA, 1\1., (1940). On Some Pectinidae
Fossils from the Miocene Deposits of the Tomiya Block. Japan. jour. (;eo/. Geogr., I'Of.
17, IIOS. 1-2. NASA. T. ( 1891 ). Report on the Reconnaissance
Geological Survey of :t\agasaki Prefecture. Japan (in Japanese). Bull. Imp. Ceo/. Sum, ]apau, 110. 1.
SATO, D .. (1938), Geological 1\lap of Shimogata and Its Explanatory Text (in Japanese). Imp. nco/. Surl'. Japan.
--. (1913), On the Topography and Geology of Tsushima (in Japanese). jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol. 25, 110. :wo. pp. 855-865.
-. (1914), ditto., ibid., vol. 26. 110. 302, pp. 114-123.
TATF.IWA, I., (1934), Cretaceous Flora of Tsushima, Japan. ]apa11. jour. Ceo/. Ceogr., vo/. 11. 110s. 3-4. pp. 185-209.
YoKoYAMA. M .. (1911), Some Tertiary Fossils from the Miike Coal-Field. jour. Coli. Sci., Tokyo Imp. Uuiv., vol. 27, art. 20.
--. ( 1926). Fo~sil Mollusca from the OilField of Akita. jour. Fac. Sci., Imp. U11iv. Tokyo, sec. 2, vol. 1, pt. 9.
36 Sahuro KANNO
--------------~--- ~-~~- ------
Explanation of Plate 6
(All figures in natural size unless otherwise stated)
fig. 1. Nucula (Lamelimtcttla) cf. hizmensis (NAGAO) x3
Fig. 2. Anadara sp. Fig. 3. Chlamys (Coraliclzlamys ?) cf. rutte11i MARTIN x 5
Figs. 4-8. Patinopecten kimurai (YOKOYAMA) Figs. 4-6. Right valve. Figs. 7, 8, Left valve. Figs. 5-8, Plastotype. Fig. 6. Deformed specimen.
Fig. 9. Cyrena aff. mirabilis NAGAO x 3 Fig. 10. Lucinoma sp. Fig. 11. Ve11ericardia cf. yoshidai NAGAo. (Cast) Fig. 12. Jllferelrix aff. pseudomeretrix NAGAo x 3 Fig. 13. Dosinia cf. chikuzeuensis NAGAO Fig. 14. Dosinia chikuzenensis NAGAO. A paratype figured by NAGAO from Chikuzen, northern
Kyushu, Japan. x 0.8 Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig. 17. Fig. 18.
Tel/ina sp. Plwxus aff. izumoensis (YoKOYAMA), Plastotype Euspira ct. ashiyaensis (NAGAo)
Neverita insignis (NAGAo)
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S .. No. 18. pp. 37-44, :~ text-figs .. I table, June 20. 1955.
265. EVOLUTION OF PERONICERATIDAE *
TATSUJW MATSUMOTO
Department of Geology, Kyushu University
Peroniceratidae Q:>j'iiift.: Senonian Q:>'llt~t.d\i1'iM Peroniceratidae 1.: -::>\. '-c (t, Cor. LIG sos (1948) Q:>'?.!t,f,(J~t~-tOt.f.:Uit~iJ:;t;,~o L:b· L.lr;V)f**tt 1'1 *Q:> i Q:>l.:lt J: < ;t;,-c lt. j: tJtJ:\. 'R,iJ:;t;, -!>o .:.mf~~t.:·tr-~-c. ~ l?l.:~l:§fiiH.:-::>t'-c~ir.JLt.:~.'i*· lfirLt'5HI'[*~iffil:flJ.I?;!Lf.:o :;$:f'!.Q:> Jnlt.l!!J;::. -::>1, •-c It, Collignoniccratidae Q) Subprionocyclus (Turonian) c WH®§I.:f.liV:-:> < -·lff'~t:"ii.'e.\1.>, ~!Iii. Prote:mniles :a-Wili'l Lf.:o .:.hit Te.r:anites ~i!1j; < 0 fl:;f>:li[Q:>; 't;,, amakusense = fukazawai t nomii 11 Prolexanites Q:>~111J~q:> i q:>-~. 7' 7 !.1 -JJ V) T. soutoni (~ 3 El3) (iilij~Q:>*r,mm l.::il(l. 'o orientale It 7' 7 IJ 7J Q:> umkwelanense (~ 2 f:l:l) t t i 1.: Paratexauites ·c:, Parabevaililes ( "J\.,·C:
Beval!ites) ~m~ . .:.;tlt.:>(i Protexanites-Tcxanites *c11'~rrt¥.rcli,J.., (~~ 1 f:l:l~·HiOo A;;:~Ht
Coniacian I.:~,J.i5{(1.:7.Ht. L, 3jdtf~il;3E1l [.., .!:J!iit.~iffi L, Campanian rl•l!tl.:lrollila~Q:>ll!W(tJ:;f., 7.> 0
J;J,J:Q:>jl!iff:..!iJ!(!~)(~; 1 *1.:1~fJ~.tt-7.>o ;ID :$: it flB
Foreword
While I was studying the Cretaceous animonites of Japan and South Saghalien, General M. Cor.LIGNON (1948. a,b) published a magnificient monograph on the " Texanitidae " of Madagascar and gave a review on the Japanese forms in the appendix of that paper. Indeed his work is comprehensive and has much advanced our knowledge, but I cannot agree with him in some of his remarks on the Japanese forms. With a doubt kept in my mind J visited London in 1953-54 where I fortunately had an opportunity to study some foreign specimens. As a result of the study I ha,·e obtained a new idea which is not only satisfactorily applicable to the Japanese forms in question but also interesting to the problem of the evolution of Pero-
* Read Dec. 19, 1954; received Nov. 15, 1954.
37
niccratidae, one of the important ammonite families in the Upper Cretaceous.
As to that problem Mr. C.W. WRIGHT expressed his opinion (1952, p. 221 and fig. 2) that Peroniceratidae HYATT, 1900 ( =Texanitidae CoLLIGNON, 1948) has its origin in some Collignoniceratidae WRIGHT & WRIGHT. 1951 (=Prionotropidae HyATT, 1900). through Garethiericeras. This might be a possible source but in my opinion there is another alternative which seems better for at least some of the members of Peroniceratidae.
As I intend to monograph the Japanese Peroniceratidae at some later opportunity I present here concisely the facts which I have noticed and an opinion which can be developed from them.
I should like to dedicate this short paper to Professor Seitaro Tsuuoi who has encouraged me with an instruction that Japanese geologists and palaeontologists should contribute something
Tatsuro MA TSU l\10T< J
new to the intemational scientific problems from the study of the material in the mother nature of Japan.
I acknowledge here my heartfelt thanks to 1\lr. C.W. WRIGHT who has helped my study in various ways and also to General l'v1. Cor.r.IG:-Io:-< for his friendly correspondences. Thanks are due to Mr. W. N. EnwAIWS, Keeper of Geology, and Dr. L.F. S!'ATH of British Museum (Natural History) who have afforded me facilities for studying there through the British Council Scholarship.
The Coniacian Forms of Te:wmites
Cou.((;NoN (1948) pointed out that typical Tex.{/11ifes with five rows of tubercles on the ribs do not appear until the middle part of the Coniacian, but that there are in the lower Coniacian certain quadrituberculate species. He separated the latter asParalcxaniles (type species Aforloniceras zeilleri DE GRnssouvRE, 1894 ). There are, howevN. other distinct Coniacian species in Europe and America \vith only three tubercles on each rib and these give a valuable clue to the origins of the family. They are here separated as:-
Protexa11ites nov.
Type species: "Alorto11iceras" bOln-gcoisi (n'0Rn1GNY) (;ROSSOURVE (1894, p. 73, pl. xiii, fig. 2; pl. xiv. figs. 2-5).
Generic diagnosis :-Similar to Tcxanites in general aspect, especially in the shell-form. ventral keel and sutureline. Ribs are gently flexuous. arcuate or oblique (especially so near the periphery), sometimes dichotomous at the umbilical edge or with intercalated shorter ones; typically trituberculate. with umbilical, ventro-lateral and ventral tubercles and sometimes quadritubercu-
late in the later whorls with one lateral tubercle::; in addition to other three. The ventral tubercles are clavate (i.e. elongated longitudinally).
Remarks :-1 refer to the proposed new genus. besides the type spe;;ies*, Aiorloniceras bon/anti G1wssouvRE (1H94, p. 77, pl. xvii. fig. 2 only. holotype by original designation) and a probable new species represented by a paratype of 'Af. bontanti GRossollVRE' (Ibid., pl. xvii. fig. 3) from the Coniacian of France and also Afortoniceras canaense GERHARDT with variety oblique-costata GERHARDT (1897, p. 73, pl. 1. fig. 2a-C; p. 76. text-fig. 2a) from South America. Furthermore Pcrotziceras amakusense YABE (1902, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. la, b), Mor/oniccras fulwzawai YABE & SHIMIZU (1925, p. 130 (6), pl. XXX (i), fig. 1; pl. xxxi (ii), figs. 1,2,6,7; pl. xxxiii (iv). figs. 1. 2), which is probably synonymous with the preceding species, and Aforloniceras 110mii YABE & SHIMIZU (1935. p. 131 (7). pl. xxxii (iii). figs. 1-3) from the Neourakawan (Santonian) of Japan are referred to the present genus. .Nlortoniceras shoslloneuse MEEK (1876, p. 449, pl. 6, figs. 3a, 3c. 6a; also REESIDE,
1907, p. 9, pl. 6, figs. 16-23; pl. 7, figs. 1-11; pl. 8, figs. 1-4) from the lower Cody shale (Upper Coniacian) and the poorly preserved Mortoniceras strozzii DEsio (1902, p. 204 (16), pl. xii (i), fig. 8) may perhaps be referable to the present genus.
Those species were mostly referred by Cor.uGNoN (1948) to Texanites. However Texanites should be confined to the
------- ----
* I missed unfortunately an opportunity of
visiting France and Germany to study the specimens of these species, but the
description and illustration of G!WS·
SOUVRE and GERHARDT are sufficiently
clear and reliable.
Evolution of Peroniceratidae 39
group of species \Vhich arc allied to the type species. Ammonites texan us RoEMER.
Tcxanitcs thus revised has rather rectiradiate ribs and quinquetuberculate (except in very early growth-stage), tubercles being nearly equidistant in the lateral view.
A Possible Origin of Peroniccratidac
Protexanites. above defined. is of course intimately related to Texanites (s.s.) but is morphologically relatively less advanced and stratigraphically appears earlier. It is one of the earlier representatives of the Peroniceraticlae. Looking at Prole:canites, especially at its earl'ier members. P. bourgcoisi, P. bonta11ti and P. canaense, I cannot deny their striking resemblance to certain species of Upper Turonian Subprionocyclus. such as S. tzcptuni (GEINITZ) and S. crista! us ( BJL
I.INGHURST). The latter genus, which was revised by WRIGHT & MATSUMOTo
(1951), has umbilical, ventro-lateral and ventral tubercles. The ventral tubercles are clavate. The ribs are rather flexuous or oblique, showing a forward bend at the periphery. They are frequently bifurcate or have intercalated shorter ones. These characters are more or less well retained in Protexanitcs and the only criterion for distinction is the more continuous keel in Protexanites in contrast to the serrated keel in Subpriottocyclus. However we know that the keel tends to become more continuous in the outer whorl of certain Subprionocyclus. e.g. S. hitchitu.'IISis ( BIL
l.l!"CHURsT). and it is somewhat wavy in some Protexanitcs.
Thus the ·derivation of Protexauites from Subprionocyclus is almost certain both on morphological and stratigraphical grounds. However the occurrence of Prolexanih·s in the basal horizon of Coniacian has not yet been proved.
This weak point, though minor. should be consolidated in futm·e.
It is also J: ossibile that Subprionocyclus leads to Pcrouicras. if its clavate ventral tubercles also become more continuous. It could also give rise to Paratcxauites CoLLIGNON, 19·18 (type species Jllortoniccras zcilleri GRossotiVRE), if one more pair of outer tubercles is added and the ribs are straightened. Howe,·er I have failed to find a good example of intermediate forms.
Subpriouoo•clus is small or moderate in size <md a rather unspecialized member of the Collignoniceraticlae; its distribution is wide. It is more likely to have given rise to a new family than the more specialized forms, like Collignoniceras ( =Priouolropis). Priouocyclus, etc. In fact, as WRIGHT & JVlATsUMOTO has indicated. Reesidites is a specialized end form derived from Subprionocyclus by loss of ventrolateral tubercles and acquisition of a compressed and involute shell-form.
Some F('atures in the Evolution
of Pcroniccra tidae
As I have not observed a sufficient number of specimens of Gauthicriceras I hesitate to discuss the origin of it. It might te a derivative from some special member of Collignoniceratidae or it might be a parallel development with Perolliceras. Those two genera reach fairly large size. while Yabeiceras is rather small. I do not know where the type specimens of Yabeiceras are prC3erved, so I arn unfortunately unable to say much on this Japanese form. llm•.-ever, from the description of ToKUNAGA & StiiMlZII, 19:.!6 it seems to me a lateral offshoot ru1111ing near Penmiceras and Gautlticriccras. All those genera are confined to the Coniacian.
40 Tatsuro MATSUMOTO
Protexanitcs and Paraiexanites appear in the Lower Coniacian and range up to the Lower Santonian. The earliest representative of Tcxanitcs (s s.) is known in the Upper Coniacian (i.e. T. psettclotexanus (GrwssouvRE)) and the genus is more common in the Santonian. According to CoLr.IGNoN (1948) Bcvallites (Parabevalzitcs) also ranges from the Upper Coniacian to Lower Santonian.
Thus various genera of the Peroniceratidae developed rather suddenly in the Coniacian and a fe''' of them e\'olved Santonian forms. Another epoch of specialization is in the l'vliddle Campanian, when Submortoniceras and Jlfenabitcs (with its subgenera) flourished. However their distribution seems to be rather local and the development is not
A
B
c
so significant as in the Coniacian. To clarify the details of the evolution
of the Coniacian genera more careful zonal collection is necessary. I should like to give here some remarks on the two genera which flourished in the Santonian.
CoLLIGNON regarded Pm·abcvahites as a derivative of Texa11i!es (in his definition) \vithout showing a good evidence. I would regard Parabcvahilcs as a direct derivative fromParaic:•anites. They are closely allied to each other ; the difference is only in the distance between each two of three outer tubercles. Some may prefer to put Parabevaltiics in the subgenus Paratexanitcs. Anyhow Paratcxanites is independent cf Texanitcs.
Jlllortoniceras orientale Y Atm (YABE &
D
E
Fig. 1. ·whorl sections of some Texanilids in the relatively late growth-stage. A. Protc:cauites (earlier form): B. Prote:ranitcs (later form); C. Texaniles: D. Paralexanites: E. Para/Jevahites. The dotted line shows intercostal section. (T.l\1. del. adapted from the illustration of the typical species of each genus.)
Evolution of Pcroniceralidae 41
& SHIMIZU. 1925. p. 129 (5), pl. xxxi (ii). figs. 4, 5; pl. xxxiii (iv). fig. 16) from the probable Scapllitcs bed (presumably its Coniacian part?) of Hokkaido was assigned to ParabCI'ahites by Cou.1cr-;oN (1948) but it is a good example of Paratcxanites in the definition of Cor.l.lGNoN. Its allied s~ies. Aiortouiccras umlucelanense CRICK (1907. p. 228. pl. xv. fig. 9, 9a), is not a Texauitcs nor Bcvallites but a Pantiexauitcs or an intermediate form between Paraic'xanites and Parabevalzites. I fortunately studied the holotype (BM. C. 18134) (fig. 2) and have noticed an interesting fact. The distance between the ventral and ·• marginal" tubercles is in the outer whorl slightly shorter than that between the .. marginal" and " submarginal " tubercles, but slightly longer in the inner whorl. Moreover in the visible earlier part of the inner whorl at diameters below 120 mm .. the tv.-o peripheral tubercles tend to ha \·e a common base whereas they are separated from the clavate ventral tubercle by a somewhat deep depression.
Summarizing the above. the character of Parabevalzites lends to appear in the inner whorl of this species, while its large outer whorl is rather of Paratcxanites type. (We can ignore the weakening of the keel in the last portion as minor feature in regard to this problem.) Paratcxanitcs umkwclancusis (CHICK) is thus morphologically very interesting, but unfortunately its exact date is doubtful.
Afortoniceras dcsmondi GRossouvRE (Ammonites texanus Scm.uTER. 1867. p. 32, pl. vi, fig. 3 only), which was assigned by CoLLIGNON to Tl'Xauites with a query. seems to me to be an early Parabc/1(1/zites or an intermediate form between Paratcxauilcs and Parabevahilcs. It is recorded from the boundary of Coniacian
0 5 em.
Fig. 2. Whorl section of Paralc.wmites
umkwelaiiCIISis (CRICK) Bl\'L C. 1813·1, Umkwelane Hill, Zu\u\and, Africa. (T.I\L del. by kind pernlission of Keeper of Geology, British 1\Iuseum (1\'atura\ History)).
and Santonian or the top of the Coniacian.
The Upper Santonian- Middle Campani:m Bevalzitcs apparently resembles quadrituberculate later Protcxanites but must be a parallel development, since it shows evidence of having developed through Parabevaltilcs by unification of the two peripheral tubercles.
Whether Texanilcs (s.s.) is a deri\·ative of Paratcxanilcs or Protexanitcs is still uncertain. However the outer lateral (or " submarginal ") tubercle in
42 Tatsuro l\IATSUMOTO
Texauites is often, if not always, rather weak. Prole:rallites could lead to Tc:ranites by straightening of ribs and addition of outer lateral tubercles. From this fact and from another fact which will l:e mentioned below I am inclined to regard Protexanifcs- Texcmiles series as parallel with Paratcxauites-Parabcvahitcs-Bcvalzt"tcs series.
Fig. 3. Whorl section of Tc:wnifcs :wutoni (BAILY) BM. C. 4721il. A cliff of the coast of S. Africa, near the Umtafuna and Umzarnbani River. (T. !\1. del. by kind permission of Keeper of Geology. British 1\Iuseum (Natural History)).
The fact which I ltave noticed is found in Ammonites soutoni BAILY (1855, p. 453, pl. xi, fig. la-c). another African species. Its apparent resemblance to our •· l'.fortouircras" fukazmcai and " AI.'' uomii had been stuck on my mind until I saw the specimens of that species. The type specimen illustrated by BAILY (BM. C. 472Gl) (fig. 3) is a very large example with a diameter of 475mm. Its inner whorl below a diameter of about 100 mm. shows the typical character of Texauitcs with the prominent three equidistant tubercles which are visible on the lateral side, besides the two outer ones overlapJ:ed by the outer \vhorl: the ribs are nearly rectiradiate\vith occasional intercalation or branching. The quinquetuberculate ornamentation continues up to a diameter of about 300mm .. where the last septum is found. However the two lateral tubercles are weakened as the shell grows on. On the body whorl the two lateral tubercles are almost completely lost while the ribs themseh·es are very strong and. on the unweathered part. especially where the test is preserved. the umbilical, ventrolateral and clavate, ventral tul:ercles are also fairly strong. Morever the ribs show a gentle ftexuosity on the outer whorl.
Thus the species in question is a typical Texanitcs in its inner whorls and shows clear characters of Profexanites in its adult body whorl. In other words, as in the previous example, Texanites seems to be caenogenetically evolved from Prote.umites. It is a matter of convention to refer the species in question to Texauitcs, admitting it as a sort of an intermediate form between the two genera.
We know another species of more typical and large Tcxanitcs, T. staugeri (BAILY), occurring in the same area of
Evolution of Peroniceratidac 43
T. sou toni (BAILY). Unfortunately there is no record of zonal collections in Southeast Africa hut the two species have been regarded as coming from the same horizon, associated with Hauen"ceras gardeni (BAILY) and Psl"ltdoxllloenbaclzia mnbulazi (BAU.Y) (e.g. SPATH (1922)).
In the Japanese province Protcxauites nomii (YAnE & SmMIZU) (inc.:luding the specimens in subsequent collections) occurs in the ~eourakawan (Santonian), where Haucricct·as gardcni is common. '' Pet·oniccras" amakuscuse YAnE came
from the probable Santonian of Amakus:I. Kyushu. Examining tT1e holotype it is not a Pcrouiceras but a crushed Protexanitcs and very probably an immature Protexatzites fu/wzatmi (YABE & SHIMizu). The large specimens of the latter came from Oda-Mura, Uto, Kumamoto Prefecture. As there ·is Inoceramus japouicus in the same area the fossiliferous horizon of Oda-mura is correlated with the Neourakawan. In Hinoshima islet of Amakusa I have collected a large Texauites which is comparable to 1'. oliz,cti (BtA~c~->ENHoHN). As the oc-
EVOLUTION OF PERONICERATIDAE
TURONIAN CONIACIAN SANTONIAN CAMPAI\IIAN MAESTRICHTIAN
YABEICERAS -- --;
,' GAUTHIERICERAS ' ,, ,..... ,,
PERONICERAS ('\ ,,
0 ( r !:::: (suePRIONOCYG~ ~
z 0 z -(')
"' :u r;.
-1 -0
l> 1"'1
~
? 'a-PROT EX AN IT E S
' ---' TEXANITES
' ' ~ SUBMORTONICERAS
PARATEXANIT E 5
' PIIRABEVAWTE S ' ·. '
~(REESIOIT ES) BE VAHITES ·--'. MENABITES .. ; I BERERELLA) ...... ',I AUSTRALIELLA) ',·-. :.(~ELAWARELLA)
Table I. Evolution of Peroniceratidae. Thick line: range of genera of relatively wide distribution; Thin line: range of genera or subgenera of local distribution. The genera of Collignoniceratidae mentioned in the text are in bracket [ line with an arrow shows the presumed course of evolution.
]. The dotted
44 Tatsuro 1\IATSUMoTo
currence of these forms arc rather sporadic. tb't zonal examination is again diffil:ult. They occur in the Nemrr<tkawan. if not at the same horizon.
Although I know an undescribed specimen of a Parabevahites-like form occurring in the Santonian of Hokkaido, true Campanian Peroniceratids have not yet been found in Japan and South Saghalien. The so-called Submortomi:eras in the list of Sm.MJzu (1935) is not warrantable in the generic and stratigraphic assignment.
Finally I present here a range chart of the genera and subgenera of Peroniceratidae with a supposed line of evolution. It depends much on Gen. M. Cor.I.IGNoN's work and Mr. C. W. WRIGHT's
personal communication but is modified by my own opinion.
Works Cited
BAILY, W.H., (1855). Description of some Cretaceous Fossils from South Africa: collected by Capt. GARDEN, of the 45th Regiment. Quart. four. Ceo/. Soc. London, 11. 454-465, pis. xi·xiii.
CoLI.IGNON. !'vi., (1948 a, b) Anm1onites Neo· cretacees du Menabe (Madagascar) 1-Les Texanitidae. Ann. Ceo/. de Serv. de Jl,fines, Fasc. N°13. 49-107 (1-62). pls. vii (i)-xx (:-.:iv): N° 14, 7-60 (43-116); 99-101, pls. xv-xxxii.
CRICK, G.C .. (1907), Cretaceous Fossils of Natal, Part 3. Third and Final Report Ceol. Surv. Natal & Zululand, 163-262, pis. x-xv.
DESio. A., (1920), La crata ncl bacino di Firenze. PaleoHt. /tal., 26. 189-243, pis. xiixix (i-viii).
CERIIARDT, K., (1897), Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Kreideformation in Venezuela und Peru, in STEINMANN, Reitr. Geol. u. Pala-
eont. Siidamcrikas. Ncues fahrb. f Min. usw .. !3eil. Bd. 11, 65-117. pis. i-ii.
CROSSOUVI~E. A. DE, (1894), Recherches sur Ia Craie Superieure. II-Paleontologie. Les Ammonites de Ia Craie Superieure. .Ucm.
Carte g:-ol. d:-1. Pmnce (1893). 26-1 pp .. 39 pis.
MEEK. F.B .. (1876), Invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary Fos.'lils of the Upper 1\fiswuri County, Rep. U.S. Ceo/. Surv. Territories, 9. 629 pp., 45 pis.
REESIDE, J. B. Jr .. (1927). Cephalopods from the lower part of the Cody shale of Oregon Basin, Wyoming. U.S. Ceo/. Surv. Prof Paper, 150A. 1-10. 8 pls.
ScHLUTER. C., (1867), Beitrag zur Kenntniss der jiingsten Ammoneen Norddeutschland,, 36 pp., 6 pis., Bonn.
SHJJ\I!Zll, S .. (Hl35). The Upper Cretaceous Cephalopods of japan, Part I. four. Shanghai Sci. Ins/., [II], 2. 159-2'26.
SPATH, L.F., (1922), On the Senonian Ammonite Fauna of Pondoland. Trans. Roy. Soc. South Ajl'ica, 10. 3. 131-147, pis. v-ix.
ToJ\UNAt;A, S. & S. SHIMIZU., (1926), The Cretaceous formation of Futaba in Iwaki and its Fossils. four .. Pac. &i., Imp. U11iv. Tokyo, [2], 1. pt. 6. 181-212. pis. xxvi· xxvii.
\VRIGIIT, C. W., (1952), A Classification of the Cretaceous Ammonites. four. Paleont., 26. 213·222.
WRIGHT, C.W. & T. MATSUMOTO, (1954), Some Doubtful Cretaceous Ammonite Genera from Japan and South Saghalien. 1'>-fem. Fac. Sci .. K.vuslm U11iv., [D), 4, 103·134, pis. 7-8.
YABE. H., (1902), Notes on three Upper Creta· ceous Ammonites from Japan, outside of Hokkaido. four. Ceo/. Soc. Tokyo, 9. (English Pages) I-7. pl. i.
YAIIE, H. & S. SiliJI.IIZU, (1925). japanese Cretaceous Ammonites belonging to Prionotropidae. I. &i. Rep. Tohoku Imp. ll11iv., [2], 7, 125-138, pis. :a."X·X."<Jdii.
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N.S., No. 18, pp. 45---48, Pl. 7, June 20, 1955.
266. HIDAELLA, A NEW GENUS OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN
FUSULINIDS FROM THE FUKUJI DISTRICT, EASTERN
PART OF THE HIDA MOUNT AINLAND,
CENTRAL JAPAN*
HARUYOSHI FUJIMOTO and HISA YOSHI IGO
Tokyo University of Education
~~tlli1l!ff.V&mil!q)"- :/ ;,t ,~,.~~:.-Hi~ .t IJ vrr-t l.>Wi~-tl!!ltq)~/£ Hidaella: ~~1iHl!i1l!tMtll!milil::~ :i:l-t .r,-(l)~t'f:i!K~h'J• t_,~~!1J.q)-~j[,a-3EJ\!. L. t.:Q)·(-, Hidae/la c ~11 L. .:. 1..1.::~~~-t .r,o :;$:/£
't Fusulinella I.::J:({I1"C\.•.r,;i):, lt\t~:il:~(l~ill!l.."C\.·~BD•~.>I2S:l:ll]·c~~o ~fili Hidac/la
kamcii 't-q)~:{j)!R!fJrpa!\l.:::l!lti\\"l::i!li L. Fusulina JiitC.Jl<:fJ:-t.r,o illi*i'/1~ · SX~~~
Recently, the writers discovered some interesting fusulinids in the Ichinotani Group which is distributed ncar Fukuji. Kamitakara Village, Yoshiki District, Gifu Prefecture. The materials were collected from a black impure limestone of the lower division of the Ichinotani Group developed at the Ichinotani and the Mizuboradani valleys.
The Ichinotani Group is divided into the following two lithological units. (1) Lower or lchinotani limestone; ( 2) Upper or alternation of sandstone and shale intercalating conglomerate. The Ichinotani limestone yields a rich fauna consisting of fusulinids, smaller foraminifers, corals and gastropods. From the evid· ence of these fossils, the limestone is inferred to correspond to the highest Morrowan? to the basal Permian.
The specimens here considered as representing a new genus can be distinguished from its allied forms principally by the irregular undulation of its spiro-
* Read oct. 9, l954; received Nov. 24, 1954.
45
theca. which is undulated both meridionally and equatorially. The spirothcca is composed of a tectum. upper and lower tectoria and a diaphanotheca. In the general shape o!' the shell and the irregular undulation of the spirotheca the present type resembles Rugosojusuli11a H.AUSER-CERNoussov A, from which it is distinguished by the lack of a keriotheca. The present type also resemples Fusuliuella Mor.r.ER, but is distinguishable therefrom by the irregular rugose spirotheca. This type is believed to be an aberrant descendant of the genus Fusuli1lella, referable to no known genus, and in need of a new generic name for which llidaclla is proposed. The phylogenetic position of Hidaella is referred to the subfamily Fusulininae.
Genus Hidaella FuJIMOTo and lGi\
new genus
Genotype :-Hidaella lwmeii FuJIMOTo
and lGu, new species. Diagnosis:-Shell rather small, elongate
fusiform to subcylinclrical; central portion
•16 Haruyoshi FlJJil\IOTo and llisayoshi lGo
sliglitly inflated or straight: polar regions broadly rounded; mature specimens with about five volutions. Axial length. 2.4 to 3.2mm., median width, 0.87 to 1.3nun. ; axial ratio. about 1 : 3.0 in last volution. First two to three volutions tightly coiled, axis of coiling short, subspherical or slightly quadrangular in shape: outer volutions rather inflated, proloculus minute: generally spherical. Spirotheca composed of thin and dense tectum, less dense upper and lower tectoria and diaphanotheca; irregularly and highly undulated throughout. ~epta numerous, thin and complicately folded in polar regions. Tunnel singular with regular or irregular path, narrow to broad tunnel angle; chomata m;1ssive and of moderate he·ight. Axial filling lacking.
Remarks :-Hidadla resembles Fusuliuclla in several respects, especially in the inner volutions possessing a short axis of coiling, spirothecal structure. massive chomat.a, and in the septal fluting. The irregular undulation of the spirotheca of llidaclla removes it from Fusuliuella and suggests that it may be an aberrant descendant of the latter. The undulation of the spirotheca has been reported in some fusu1inid genera as Rugosofusulina l<AUSER-CER!';oussov A,
which may be distinguished from Sc/f(('ageriua MoLLER by the rugose spirotheca; their inner characters. however. nrc much alike. Hidaclla resembles the genotype of Rugosofusulina, but differs therefrom by the spirothecal structures. !Iidael/a from its structural features is referred to the subfamily Fusulininae. while Rugosofusulina belongs to the ~ch wager in ina e.
Hidaella lwmcii FuJIMoTo and leu, new species
Pl. 7, Figs. 1-10.
Shell rather small, subfusifonn to subcylindrical : central portion slightly inflated or straight; polar regions broadly rmmded : mature specimens with about five volutions, axial length 2.4 to 3.4 mm., median width 0.87 to 1.3 mm. ; axial ratio 1 : 2.5 to 1 : 3.5 in la3t volution.
Firdt two to three volutions closely coiled, their heights increase slowly, with short axis of coiling. subspherical or slightly quadrangular in shape; outer volutions generally rather inflated, elongate fusiform to subcylinclrical; uncommonly loosely coiled and irregular (Fig. 8); axial ratio of first to last volutions in holotype. 0.83, 1.0. 1.3, 1.7. 1.9, and 2.8, respectively ; proloculus very minute, about 0.07 mm. in diameter, generally spherical. but sometimes subellipsoidal.
Spirotheca thin, thickness gradually increasing from inner to outer, composed of thin and dense tectum. less dense upper and lower tectoria and a transparent diaphanotheca. Diaphanothec.o'l developed on inner ones to three volutions. Lower tectorium of last volution usually indistinct. Average thickness of spirotheca of first to last volution in holotype and two paratypes are 7, 11, 13, 17. 26, and 15 microns.
Septa numerous and thin; sept::d folding strong and irregular in polar regions, but feeble in central portions.
Tunnel singular with regular or irregular path, tunnel angle narrow to broad and measures 26, 31. and 52 degrees in inner two to four volutions, respectively in holotype; chomata distinct throughout shell. massive, of moderate height. their tunnel side and poleward slope generally steep. but the latter may be low. AxjaJ filling quite absent.
Rcmarlts :-In the general size of the shell. axial ratio, spirothecal structure. septal flutings. and de\·elopment of the chomata, Ilidaclla kameii resembles
Results of measurement are as follows: (in mm)
I I Fi ure I II I I . I Rate of growth -~-----Form ratio of volutions ! ~ S ·me 1• Reg. 1 !{n L W 1 Form D1am. __ . ::::
l--pec_,_n_1_N_·o_._~ l~oco I ~--l-r-atio -l-pr-ol_. _~ ___ n_~j_:_ _"___'"_l_r ___ u_~__:__v___'"_l ~ Para type 20100
1
fig. 1 , 2. 6 1. 0 2 5 .
1
. 087 16 . 23 . 361 . 66 L 0 L 0 I. 7 2. 0 : 2. I 2. 5 I ~ Holotype 20101,1 fig. 2 2.4, .851 2.8 .052 .10 .16 .26 .42 .69 .871 .83 1.0 1.3 11.7 1.9 2.8 ~ Paratype 201021 fig. 3 2.9 1.0 2.9 I .06~1 .12 .211 .:n .50 .78 I.o 11.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 2.2 2.9 ~ Paratype 20110 fig. 4 3. 4 ' . 99 3. 5 ? ? . 26 . 35 1
• 59 . 99 I ' I. 5 2. 8 ' 2. 9 3. 5 '""
Para type 20103 I fig. 5 3. 1 i1
1. 0 1 3. 0 I . 052 . 16 . 28 . 471 . 69 1. 0 11. 0 1. 0 2. 2 I S. 0 3. 0
,....
Para type 20104 fig. 8 ? 1. 3
1
, ? ? . 12 . 24 . 43 . 69 I. 1 I. 3 11. 7 2. 3 2 4 2. 6
Paratype 20105 : 2. 7 . 87 3. 1 ? . 09 . 21 . :-!5 . 69 . 87 1. 2 1. 5 1. 7 ' 2. 0 I 3. 1
lp"""'' 2<)1061 ' 1.1 - '. I (J69 • ~ " I "I "I 11 I 1.1 I.~- 24 j 1
;;
~ ;; '::. <: :J ::; Ei' :::
1
1
IF. I Thickness of sp1rotheca Septal count I Tunnel angle (degree) R , 1gure ..,
Sj~lme~l Ni' lp:~"i_r_J_n_(~ _:__v_i~!--_r_I_II_I~I~i-v ___ r __ I_r_!~ IV r_ v l--'"-11 Paratype 20100 I fig 11.011 .017 .017 .020 .022 1 I I 2 Holotype 20101 f1g. 2 , . 006 . 006 I· 011 . 0171 . 0221.028 .1 I 26 I 3-1 52 I ; Para type 201021 fig. 31 . 006 . 011 . 011 . 014 1 • 034
1
• 017 28 50 ::
Paratype 20107 fig. 6 11
I ? 4 12 I Parat}'pe 20110 I fig. 4 ? ? . 017 . 028 I . 022
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 ~ Para type 20104 fig. 8 ? . 017 . 028 . 028,. 022 ~ \ I I
Paratype 20105 ? .011 .017 .022 1 .028 \ \ \ 1 •
Paratype I 25103 [fig. 5 _-_:6_.~11 ;.017 .017 L~2~j___ lQ
:s
48 Haruyoshi FU.Jll\!OTO and Hisayoshi lG6
Fusulinella jlu:w LEE and CHES more closely than any other species of the genus Fusulinella. The former can be distinguished from the latter by its highly irregular tmdulation of the spiro· theca and small cylindrical shell.
Type locality and geological lw1·izotz :Fukuji, Kamitakara Village, Yoshiki District, Gifu Prefecture. lchinolani limestone (middle part). Preserved in the Collection of the Geological ::md 1\lineralogical Institute, Faculty of Science. Tokyo University of Education. Reg. No. 20101 (Holotype) 20100, 20102. 20103, 20104. 20105, 20106, 20107, 20108, 20109. 20110 (Paratype). Zone of Fusulina.
Occr!rrcnce :-This species is common in the middle part of the Ichinotani limestone where it is associated with Ozawainella angulata (CoLAN!). Fusiclla typica LEE and Cm:r-;, F. paradoxa LEE and CHEN, Pseudostaffel/a sp/lCroidca (MoLLER), Fusuliua lanceolata (LEE and CHEN). F. sclzellwieni (S rAFF). and F iclzinotauicnsis, new species. From fossil evidence it is clear that the faunal
assemblage is a representative of the Zone of Fusulina as recognized in North America and in Kyushu, Japan.
Previously the Zone of Fusulina was not welle stablished in Asia, but from recent discoveries, its existence has become a recognized fact in not only Kyushu but also the Hida mountainland.
References
KAMEl. T., (1952). The Stratigraphy of the Paleozoic Rocks of the Fukuji District; ]our. Fac. Liberal Arls, Shi11slm U11iversity, }yfatsumoto, pp. -1-1-74.
KAM:'-.!ERA, K .. (1952), The Upper Carboniferous and the Lower Permian of the Hikawa Valley (in japanese with English resume): four., Ceo/. Soc. japan, vol. 58, pp. 17-32.
LEE, ]. S. and CHEN, S .. (19:30), Huanglung limestone and its fauna. Foraminifera: Nat. Research Inst. Geology, .Mem., 110. 9, pp. 90-136, pis. 2-13.
THOMPSON, l\1 L., (1948), Studies of American Fusulinids: U11iv. Ka11sas Paleont. Contr. Protozoa, Art. 1.
--, (1954), American Wolfcampian Fusulinids: Ibid. Art. 5.
Explanation of Plate 7
Figs. 1-10. Hidaella lwmeii FUJIMoTo and lGii, new species. All figures enlarged 20 times. Figs. l, 3, 5. Axial s.::ctions of paralypes. Reg. no. 20100, 20102, 20103, respectively. Fig. 2. Axial section of the holotype. Reg. no. 20101. Figs. 4, 7. 8, 9, 10. Tangential sections of paratypes. Reg. no. 20110, 20108, 20104, 20109, 20111,
respectively. Fig. 6. Parallel section of a paratype. Reg. no. 20107.
(All oi the specimens are deposited in the collection of the Tokyo University of Education).
Trans. Proc. Palaeonl. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 18, pp. 49-50, 2 text-figs. June 20, 1955.
267. SPIROSIG!v!OILINELLA, A NEW FORAMINIFERAL GENUS
FROM THE MIOCENE OF JAPAN
TAKASHI MATSUNAGA
Teikoku Oil Company, Tokyo, Japan
B )ji:ll)I'Jl~iY:tJ• ~>il€/ll L t.::~rfL!Illl)cffrlm Spirosigmoilinella :-~ 8 ;;$:11) rll~iJl:il' ~J~~~-t o1fJL !!J.Il)~~. tfTllll Spirosigmoilinella comprcssa MATSUNAGA ~lJC,I& L. llfJ.l~ll)Wfl·e(tftll)i{l\il
il~ri'i{i\tll)r:f:lrUI\t::!IR--:>-c i/fiill-t ~$~Z. Mft.:o 11~7k -:$.
In troductinn
Investigations of the Miocene sediments of Hokkaido and North Honshu, Japan, as an important project in petroleum exploration, have led to the necessity of paleontological evidence for correlation purposes. Continued laboratory work on the Foraminifera contained in boring cores and obtained from slU'face exposures. revealed the presence of a peculiar type. which is thought to have important bearing on the problem.
The peculiar type, which is believed to represent a new genus, was first discovered among surface samples obtained from Kugami, Kugami-mura, Nishikanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture. by Mr. Shogo TAKAIIASHJ, then a geologi&t of our company. Subsequently. this genus has been found to occur abundantly in the Miocene sediments in North Honshu, although its presence in the Miocene rocks of Hokkaido has not yet been proven. The distribution in sediments of Miocene age of this genus ::;eems to indicate that it is important both stratigraphically and paleoecologically.
~-------
* Read June 26, 1954; received Nov. 6, 1954.
49
Acknowledgements
To the following gentlemen the writer expresses his gratitude. Dr. Kiyoshi AsAKO for assistance in discrimination of the material and Dr. Kotora HATAJ for revising the manuscript. Dr. Tsuneteru OJ~ol\!IKAoo and members of our laboratory, for their assistance in many ways.
Family Silicinidea
Subfamily Rzehakininae
Genus Spirosigmoiliuella MATSUNAGA, n. gen.
Gc11otypc :-Spirosigmoilit~ella com-pn·ssa MATSUNAGA, n. Sp.
Description. :-Test in early stage similar to Silicosigmoilina, but diverging therefrom in adult stage by developing chambers in a single plane; chambers compressed, wall finely arenaceous. with siliceous cement; aperture at end of chamber, rounded, with short neck, and without a tooth.
Remarks :-This new genus can be distinguished from Silicosigmoilina by the development of spiroloculine chambers in the adult stage, and from Spirosigmoilina by the presence of a siliceous
50 Takashi MATSUNAGA
test, that is, by the characters of their shells.
Geological range :-Lower to Middle Miocene. Japan.
S Pit·osigmoilinclla compressa MATSVNACA, n. sp.
Text-figs. 1-2
Description:-Test strongly compressed, about twice as long as broad, periphery subangular: early chambers sigmoidal, later ones spiroloculine; suture often indistinct: wall finely arenaceous with siliceous cement : aperture at end of chamber, rounded. with a short neck and no tooth.
Text-figs. 1-2 Spirosigmoiliuc/la comprcssa MATSUNAGA,
n. gen., n. sp. x 51 la, b. Holotype, Teradomari Formation, Niigata Pref., Japan. 2. Young specimen, Teradomari Formation, at a depth of 856.0 m. in the Teikoku Oil Company's Tanaka R-5, Tanaka. Nishigoshi-mura, Santo-gun, Niigata Pre£., Japan.
Dimcnsiom:-Maximum length of bolotype 0.59 rnm. Paratypes range in length
from 0.37 mm to 0.71 nun. Locality and geological age :-From
the upper part of the Teradomari formation <Middle l\liocene) at a depth of H'l4.8 meters in the Teikoku Oil Company's Yahiko R-2, 80 meters east of Yahagi, Yahiko-nmra, Nishikanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Holotype (TOC. Pal. Coli. Cat. No. 601451). Deposited in the collection of the Paleontological Laboratory, Teikoku Oil Company, Tokyo, Japan.
Occurrence :-Besides the type locality above mentioned, the genus is found in the following formations: Teradomari and Nanatani formations in Niigata Prefecture. Lower part of the Kitamata and Upper part of the Aosawa formations in the Shonai district, Yamagata Prefecture. Funakawa and Onnagawa formations in Al<ita Prefecture. Up to the present: time. the genus has not been found in horizons younger than the formations afore-mentioned. Although it has not yet been found in Hokkaido, its occurrence is expected.
References
ASANO, K., (1950), Upper Cretaceous Foraminifera from Japan: Pacific Science, Honolulu, vol. 4, 110. 2, p. 159, pl. 1, figs. 6-7.
CUSHMAN. J. A. and C. C. CHURCH, (1929), Some Upper Cretaceous For:~minifera from near Coalinga. California: California Acad. Sci., Proc., San Fraucisco, Cal., scr. 4, vol. 18, no. 16, p. 502. pl. 36, figs. lll-12.
PARR, W. ]., (1942), New Genera of Foraminifera from the Tertiary of Victoria: !lfining mzd Gcol. jour., !.Jelboume, vol. 2, 110. 6, p. 361.
51
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED (9)
Number 1078. L. Clark: Som!> Hepaticae from the
Galapagos, Cocos, and other Pacific Coast Islands. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ;-;~r. 4,
Vol. 27, No. 18, 1953 1079. C. M. Younge: Observations on Hipponix
antiquatus (Linnaeus) Ibid., s.:r. 4. Vol. 28, No. 1, 1953
1080 . .1. Linsley Gre:>.>itt: The California Academy-Lingnan Dawn-Redwood Expedition Ibid., ser. 4. Vol. 28, No. 2, 1953
1081. E. 0. Essig: Some New and Noteworthy Aphirbe from western and s:->ulhern South America. Ibid., s~r. 4. Vol. 28,
No. 3, 1953 1082. 1\Icm. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ . Ser. D.
Vol. 4. No. 1. 1954 lOS:~. l\Iem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D,
Vol. 4. No. 2, 1954 108·!. C. P. Chatwin: British Regional Geology
East Anglia and Adjoining Area. 3rd eel 195-l
1085. C~uart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. 107, pt. 1, 1951
1086. Quart. .Journ. (~eo!. Soc. London, Vol. 107,
pt. 2, 1952 1087. (~uart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London. Vol. 107,
pt. 3, 1952
--------- --- ------------
PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL
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Teiichi KOBAYASHI The Bituberculate Pachydiscicls from Hok
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References cited
KATO. llirosi (1941): On the fossils from ........... ·, fap. four. Gcol. Geogr., Vol, 28, pp. 74-81. YAMAMoTo, Siro (19-IOa): Geology of .............. jour. Geol. Soc. japan, Vol. 58, pp. 102-133. ·--- (1940b): Volcanic rocks of Sinano district, four. Fac. Soi .. Tokyo Imp. U11iv. Sect. 11, Vol.
13, Pl. 4, pp. 1-31.
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