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Drainage, drainage, drainage

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Contents

• Drainage x 3• Rainfall records• Effects of poor drainage• Problem solving; more drains?• Problem solving; getting water to the

drains!

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JANGKAAN HUJAN BULANAN PADA FEBRUARI 2013

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JANGKAAN HUJAN BULANAN PADA MAC 2013

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Rainfall record from 2002 - 2012

Total0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

20022003200420052006200720082009201020112012

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Effects of rainfall

• A lot of water collected• Eventually water will drain or evaporate• Too slow• During rain – cannot play• After rain – still cannot play

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Quote

“There are three important things on a golf course;Drainage, Drainage and Drainage”

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What happens poor drainage

1. can’t play golf

2. Can’t play golf

3. Can’t play golf

4. Can’t mow

5. Can’t fertilize

6. Cannot spray

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1. Compaction

• Traffic – golfers or workers• Compresses the same mass into smaller

area• Air and oxygen is forced out• Roots and micro-organism• Die.

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2. Shallow / Restricted Roots

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3. Black layer

• Lack of oxygen• Sulfur turned into sulfides• Form hydrogen sulfide gas• Rotten egg smell• Sulfide will react iron & manganese• Become ‘black layer’

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4. Denitrification

• Ideal in saturated soil conditions• Soil micro-organism• Converts nitrate nitrogen into gaseous N• Yellow spots on green• Not enough nitrogen

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5. Drowning; under water too long

6. Too much growth

7. Scalping

8. Diluting foliar / sprays

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9. Diseases

• Prevalent wet soil conditions• Brown patch, • Pythium• Fusarium• etc

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10. Weeds, Algae, Moss

• Wet soils will have specialized weeds

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End of Part 1

• Drainage management• Spot poorly drained areas• Irrigation• Limited time• Go to Drainage Problem Solving (Part 2)

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Part 2

• Surface drainage• Shaping into swales or pots• Sumps or drains• Excess water• Stops ponding, puddles & standing water• No really ‘flat’ surface• 1% drop.

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Thatch

• Increases in wet soil• Act like sponge to suck water• Water will increase thatch• Vicious cycle

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Poke

• Slice,• Spike,• Poke,• Tine• Drill• Make small holes often• Help water penetrate down

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Remove water

• Field capacity (tahap tepu)• A glass• Covered with cardboard top• Slicing will puncture the cardboard• But the glass will be full!• Remove water from glass – use drain.

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Herring-bone

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Fish-bone

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Grid-iron

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Gravel up to sod – no sand

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Straight lines

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Many new ways

• Special material• Plastic wrapped in geo-textile• No need sub-soil drains• Etc.• Must do drainage• Golf course is not self-draining.

Recap

• Drainage x 3• Effects of poor drainage• Problem solver: drain into the soil via slice• Problem solver: add more drain solution.

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Get advice

• Before big investment• Get a second opinion• Unbiased, independent, free-lance• Experienced.• Succesful• Questions?

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Turf Consultancy Sdn. Bhd

• Consultancy for golf course• Advisory for golf clubs• Specialized Training for Chemical

Application• Training for Machine Operators• Staff Training for F&B and Front Office