Occupational Safety and Health Center 1Occupational Safety and Health Center

CONSTRUCTION HEAVY CONSTRUCTION HEAVY EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

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OBJECTIVES• This session is devoted to

educate those who work around or operate heavy equipments, since these machines possess the capability to cause serous injury or death

• Know the control measures and programs that should be in place to prevent heavy equipment-related accidents.

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CONCERNED PERSONNEL

• Equipment Operator

• Workers on foot

• Spotters

• Management people and supervisors

• Other construction site personnel.

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WHAT ARE THESE CONSTRUTION

HEAVY EQUIPMENT?

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HEAVY EQUIPMENT – WHAT DO THEY DO?

Dump Truck Hauls materials and debris away; delivers sand or other materials to a site.

Forklift Moves materials around a site; unloads trucks.

Grader Makes a roadbed smooth by dragging a blade over it.

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HEAVY EQUIPMENT – WHAT DO THEY DO?

Compactor or Roller Smoothes and compacts the road with a heavy roller.

Bulldozer Moves dirt, stones, or other materials.

Concrete Mixer Mixes water, sand, gravel, and cement to make concrete.

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HEAVY EQUIPMENT – WHAT DO THEY DO?

Crane Lifts heavy things

Tower Crane Lifts beams, pipes, batches of concrete or other materials to high places

Mobile Crane Crane that moves on wheels

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HEAVY EQUIPMENT – WHAT DO THEY DO?

Excavator or Digger Digs deep holes

Crawler Trucks Prevent the machine from sinking into the ground

Front-end loader Lifts and transport heavy materials

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HEAVY EQUIPMENT – WHAT DO THEY DO?

Backhoe Loader Uses a bucket on the back for digging and has a loader on front for lifting

Cherry Picker Lifts a worker in a bucket

Outriggers or Stabilizers

Keep equipment stable so it does not tip over

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CONCERN• Many types of mobile construction heavy equipment are

being used in a construction site doing a wide variety of work. Most of these machines operate within close proximity to persons on foot. With this, many people are exposed to hazards associated with these equipments.

• In short, you have a congested construction site with personnel on foot, and mobile machines working in the same area at the same time!

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CONSTRUCTION HEAVY EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS

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TREE

EXCAVATOR

OPERATOR(Victim # 1)

SPVR(Victim # 2)

Fig 1: Excavator parkedby the operator 4 inches from a tree.

Fig 2: While the operator wasexiting the cab, the excavatorturned towards the tree andpinned and crushed the operator against the tree.

Fig 3: The supervisor reachedinto the cab and pushed controlto release the victim, theexcavator turned the other wayand also pinned the supervisoragainst the tree.

A VERY SAD STORY

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ALL OF THESE THINGS MAY HAPPEN AT YOUR SITE!

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PERSONS AT RISK ASIDE FROM THE OPERATOR

PERSONS PUT AT RISK BY WORKING AROUND, OR BEING NEAR, HEAVY EQUIPMENT WHILE IT IS OPERATING

• NEED TO BE ON SITE ON REGULAR BASIS

– Signal persons, spotters/flaggers– Grade checkers, dump persons– Equipment operators.– Laborers, steel workers and carpenters. – Foremen, supervisors, and other related contractor staff.– Surveyors, layout crews.– Any other crafts and/or trades working on the project, or passing

through the work areas.

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PERSONS AT RISK ASIDE FROM THE OPERATOR

PERSONS PUT AT RISK BY WORKING AROUND, OR BEING NEAR, HEAVY EQUIPMENT WHILE IT IS OPERATING

• NEED TO BE ON SITE ON A PERIODIC BASIS– Delivery Trucks, Service Providers– Mechanics– Concrete Mixers– Garbage haulers– LGU/Labor Officials/Other people independently reviewing

compliance with Laws/Restrictions– Architects and Engineers, Inspectors, Client’s Staff/Owner’s

Reps./Guests/VIPs– Engineering Service Providers: Concrete Testing, Compaction

Testing, Air Monitoring, etc– Other Utility Service Providers: Phone, Gas, Electric, Water,

Sewer, Cable, etc.

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PERSONS AT RISK ASIDE FROM THE OPERATOR

PERSONS PUT AT RISK BY WORKING AROUND, OR BEING NEAR, HEAVY EQUIPMENT WHILE IT IS OPERATING.

• NO DIRECT NEED TO BE ON SITE

– Pedestrians, spectators, on-lookers, and the Just Plain Curious!– Children (of all ages)– Job seekers– Joggers, bicycle riders– Scavengers, wood collectors, junk and scrap collectors– Thieves, burglars and law breakers– The media (depending on circumstances).

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HAZARDS PRESENT IN CONSTRUCTION HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATION

• Moving parts of the equipment• Uneven terrain• Energized electrical lines• Fall• Dust• Overloaded equipment• Noise • Vibration• Unsecured loads• Improvised attachments• Blind spot.

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BLIND SPOTS

• Small heavy mobile equipment have small blind spots and heavy mobile equipment have large blind spots, both can cause serious injury or death

• The taller and wider the machine, the bigger the blind spot area

• Operators, spotters and workers on foot need to be aware were the blind spots are.

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BLIND SPOTS – DUMP TRUCK

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BLIND SPOTS - BULLDOZER

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BLIND SPOTS – LIFTER

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BLIND SPOTS-GRADER

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BLIND SPOTS - BACKHOE

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BLIND SPOTS – SKID STEER LOADER

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BLIND SPOTS – SCISSOR LIFT

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BLIND SPOTS-LOADER

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RESPONSIBILITIES OF WORKERS ON FOOT

• Wearing of high visibility vests or equivalent and other appropriate PPE’s.

• Keep a safe distance from heavy equipments• Know the equipment’s blind spots. Never

assume that the equipment operator sees you• Never ride on the steps or drawbars of any

equipment.• Watch out for swinging parts.

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SPOTTER RESPONSIBILITIES

• Wearing of high visibility vests or equivalent and other appropriate PPE’s.

• Spotters should use clearly understood hand signals or traffic control devices , (i.e. signs, etc.)

• Spotters should know operator visibility limitations, always remain visible to the operator and be sure eye contact is made before any signals are given.

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5 BASIC GUIDELINES ON HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATION• When using heavy equipment, there are 5 basic

guidelines that the operators must always follow to ensure safety:

1. Know how to properly operate the equipment you are using2. Do not use heavy machinery when you are drowsy,

intoxicated, or taking prescription medication that may affect your performance

3. Use only equipment that is appropriate for the work to be done

4. Inspect your equipment to ensure that it is in good working condition before beginning a job. In addition, ensure that regular inspections and maintenance are conducted as appropriate

5. Do not stress or overload your equipment.

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EQUIPMENT OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITIES

• Learn and follow Safe Work Practices!• Review manufacturer’s operating manual• Conduct pre-operational inspection of equipment.• Know how to operate and use safety features on

equipment properly • Allow NO ONE to ride outside the cab for any

reason! • Keep all lights, back-up alarm, seat belts, mirrors,

shields and safety guards in place and in good condition.

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EQUIPMENT OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITIES

• Be aware of people on foot around you and other machines operating in the area.

• Know where your blind spots are and always check the mirror on the blind side.

• Avoid underground utilities and overhead power lines.

• Must understand signals and always obey the spotter.

• Stop! when signaled; when waived at violently; or if you are in doubt

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EQUIPMENT OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITIES

• Maintain a safe operating speed.• Operate within the equipment’s rated capacity.• Report any abnormalities, defects and unsafe

condition. Take Machine “Out of Service”, if it is unsafe to operate

• Do Not Attempt Repairs or Maintenance that You Do Not Understand

• Never get on or off moving equipment. Park in a safe place, apply parking brakes, turn off engine and remove the key before dismounting.

• Turn the engine off before refueling

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EQUIPMENT MOUNTING AND DISMOUNTING

• Park in an area that provides maximum protection for operator and passengers and which provides a solid landing during mounting and dismounting.

• When mounting or dismounting, use all steps and all handholds provided.

• Do not jump from equipment!• Use the three-point-contact method.

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KEY ELEMENTS IN HEAVY EQUIPMENT SAFETY PROGRAM• Management Commitment • Employee Involvement• Pre-construction Work-Site Analysis• Hazard Prevention and Controls• Equipment Maintenance• Employee Awareness Training• Periodically Review Policies and Procedures

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MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

• Promote culture of Safety and Health• Provide fundamental site rules and training to all

persons at risk• Restrict entry onto site of non-essential

personnel. Establish controlled entry points to site• Coordinate operations of various trades working

in the same areas• Efficient and effective procurement system.

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EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT

• Attend relevant trainings.• Employees must learn, follow, and obey safety

and other established rules• Discuss safety concerns and issues (e.g.

through Toolbox Safety Meetings or by reporting to the supervisor or safety officer).

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PRE-CONSTRUCTION WORK- SITE ANALYSIS

• Identify potential known hazards (e.g. using JHA.)• Consider office, tool, laydown areas, storage areas • Whenever possible plan your site to allow for drive

through operations, to eliminate backing-up • Reduce the amount of foot traffic allowed on the

jobsite• Establish a traffic control system using traffic lights

or spotters.

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HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROLS

• Application of Engineering & Administrative Controls and use of PPE’s.– Install perimeter fencing and enclosures– Install/post signs– Install temporary barricades around

hazards– Spotters (with appropriate PPE) provided

for in-the-blind, backing machines and/or equipment

– Choosing and using the appropriate type of equipment.

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PROPER EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

• Pre-operational inspection conducted by operator.

• Maintain equipment in safe and proper condition• Maintain safety features such as back-up alarm,

horn, lights, limit switches, overload protection and mirrors intact and good condition

• Cab glass or guard not cracked or broken• Clean machine windows and mirrors

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PROPER EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

• Periodic preventive maintenance as per manufacturer recommendation

• Prompt repair of any noted deficiencies

• No modifications• Refresh labels, signs,

instructions, charts, etc.

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OPERATOR AUTHORIZATION• Operating a heavy

equipment is a great responsibility. Operation is reserved only for safe and responsible operators

• A policy and procedure on authorization of heavy equipment operators must be in place. The operator must be competent, trained and in good health.

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D.O.13 – ON HEAVY EQUIPMENT

• Section 7.2 “The General Constructor must provide for one

(1) Construction Safety and Health Officer for every ten (10) units of heavy equipment assigned to the project site, to oversee the effective compliance with the Construction Safety and Health Program at the construction project site, in terms of heavy equipment utilization and maintenance”

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D.O.13 – ON HEAVY EQUIPMENT

• Section 10.1-a “All heavy equipment operators assigned at the

project site must be tested and certified in accordance with a standard trade test prescribed by TESDA in coordination with its accredited organization/s”

• Section 10.2.4-a “Only duly certified operators shall be allowed to

operate their designated heavy equipment”

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CONCLUSION• Heavy equipments are

powerful machines that are vital in every construction project. However, more power also means higher risks.

• Both the operators and men on foot are responsible in ensuring safety around these heavy equipments.

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END