Post on 21-Apr-2015
Mobile Radio Network Planning 1All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Frequency Planning of Hopping Networks
Fractional Reuse
Mobile Radio Network Planning
2
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Reuse Cluster Size Definition for FH
The classical definition of the Reuse Cluster Size is:
The definition of the Reuse Cluster Size for RFH conditions is:
cellperTRXofamountAverageBandwidth
ARCS
cellpersFrequencieofamountAverageBandwidth
FARCS
FARCS = Fractional Average Reuse Cluster Size
Mobile Radio Network Planning
3
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Examples for ARCS
ARCS 27 frequencies for TCH TRXs 3 TCH TRXs in average per
cell
93
27/#
cellTRX
BARCS Example: Group planning
with 9 frequency groups, 3 frequencies each
A1
A3
A2 B1 B2
B3
A1 A2
A3
B2
B3
B1
C2
C3
C1B2B1
B3
A1 A2
A3
REUSE 3*3
Mobile Radio Network Planning
4
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Examples of FARCS (1)
FARCS 27 frequencies for TCH
TRXs 3 hopping groups with 9
frequencies each 1 hopping group per cell
39
27
/#
cellf
BFARCS
REUSE 1*3
Example:3 frequency groups, 9 frequencies each
A
C
B A B
C
A B
C
B
C
A
B
C
ABA
C
A B
C
Mobile Radio Network Planning
5
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Examples of FARCS (2)
FARCS 27 frequencies for TCH
TRXs 1 hopping group with 27
frequencies same hopping group on
each cell
127
27
/#
cellf
BFARCS
REUSE 1*1
Example:1 frequency group including all 27 frequencies
A
A
A A A
A
A A
A
A
A
A
A
A
AAA
A
A A
A
Mobile Radio Network Planning 6All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Frequency Planning of Hopping Networks
Creating Hopping Groups
Mobile Radio Network Planning
7
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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The GSM Hopping Sequence Generator
Abbreviations MA Mobile Allocation MAI Mobile Allocation Index MAIO Mobile Allocation Index Offset FHS Frequency Hopping Sequence HSN Hopping Sequence Number T1, T1R, T2, T3 GSM internal timers FN Frame Number
Mobile Radio Network Planning
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RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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MA
MAI ARFCN
1
2
3
0
4
... ...
2
5
12
7
6
MA - Mobile Allocation
The MA is the look up table that is giving the relation between the different MAI numbers and the corresponding ARFCN. Range:
The look up table has N lines. N is the number of frequencies used in the hopping sequence (hopping group)
Mobile Radio Network Planning
9
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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MAI - Mobile Allocation Index
The MAI is an index number, which allows to determine the correct line in the MA look up table to find the corresponding ARFCN.
Range: 0 .. N-1
Note: N is the number of frequencies used in the hopping sequence.
Mobile Radio Network Planning
10
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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MAIO - Mobile Allocation Index Offset
The MAIO is selectable for each timeslot and each TRX separately
The MAIO is constant on the TRX but it changes between the FU
Due to the fact, that normally for each timeslot within one TRX the same FHS is used, there is no need to change the MAIO from timeslot to timeslot. Therefore the MAIO is constant on the TRX.
It is a number that is added to the calculated MAI to avoid intra-site collisions due to co or adjacent channel usage.
Range: 0 .. N-1
Mobile Radio Network Planning
11
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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MAIO - BBH Example (1)
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7FU 1 BCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCHfhs_id, maio freq 1, 0 1, 0 1, 0 1, 0 1, 0 1, 0 1, 0 1, 0FU 2 TCH SD/8 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCHfhs_id, maio 2, 0 1, 1 1, 1 1, 1 1, 1 1, 1 1, 1 1, 1 1, 1FU 3 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCHfhs_id, maio 2, 1 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2FU 4 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCHfhs_id, maio 2, 2 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3
Mobile Radio Network Planning
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RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
MA
MAI ARFCN
1
2
3
0
F2
F3
F4
F1E.g. MAI = 1 calculated
MAIO=2
F4 is used
MAIO - Example (2)
E.g. a TRX has the MAIO 2 Frequencies used on this TRX: f1, f2, f3 ,f4 The frequency hopping generator creates the MAI sequence
3,0,1,2,1,1,3,0,2,… The hopping sequence will be:
f2, f3, f4,f1,f4,f4,f2,f3,f1,...
Mobile Radio Network Planning
13
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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HSN - Hopping Sequence Number
The HSN is one of 4 input parameters to the GSM hopping sequence generator algorithm (see GSM Rec: 05.02).
Range: 0 .. 63 HSN = 0 means cyclic hopping! The values 1 to 63 are so called Pseudo Random Hopping
Sequence Numbers. Their usage forces the hopping sequence generator algorithm to determine MAIs randomly. Due to the fact, that only the GSM internal timers T1R, T2 and T3 are additional input to this algorithm, their period is also the period of the hopping sequence
Mobile Radio Network Planning
14
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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T1, T1R, T2, T3 - GSM internal timers
Ranges of the timers: T1: 0 .. 2047 T1R: 0 .. 63 (T1R = T1 modulo 64) T2: 0 .. 25 T3: 0 .. 50
T2 and T3 are triggered every 8 timeslots (1 TDMA Frame). When both timers switch back to 0, T1 (and T1R) is triggered (that is every 26*51= 1326 TDMA Frames).
In the GSM hopping sequence algorithm the timers T1R, T2 and T3 are used. This is leading to a period of 64*26*51-1 = 84863 for the MAI sequence (hopping sequence)
Mobile Radio Network Planning
15
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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Note: Duration of one TS 577 µs
FN - Frame Number
It is incremented after every TDMA frame (8 timeslots)
At each FN increment, timers T1, T1R, T2, T3 are impacted, however only T1R, T2, T3 determine the periodicity of the MAI sequence (hopping sequence)
FN periodicity is 26*51*2048-1 = 2 715 647 TDMA frames
Each frame has a duration of apporx. 4.62 ms
The absolute time from FN 0 to next time FN 0 is accordingly:2 715 647 * (8*577 µs) = 3h 28min 53 s
Mobile Radio Network Planning
16
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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Hopping Sequence Generation - Diagram With the before shown
parameters, the used absolute frequency can be determined
MA MAIO HSN T1 T2 T3
Algorithm specified inGSM Rec. 05.02
ARFCN = MA(MAI)Press for
demonstration
Mobile Radio Network Planning
17
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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The Period of the Hopping Sequence
Timer T1R is only increased, when T2 and T3 switch back to zero at the same time (every 1326 TDMA frames)!
The total period of the 3 timers T1R, T2, T3 (=duration of FHS): 64*26*51-1 = 84863 TDMA frames 6min 32sec
This means, that even if we select the same HSN on two different (not synchronised I.e no common master clock) sites, they have a probability of
1/84863 = 1.18*10-6to use the same frame number.If they have different frame numbers, the order of the used hopping frequencies is uncorrelated
Mobile Radio Network Planning
18
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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New understanding of reuse
A reuse of A X B means, that A sites belong to the same reuse cluster and B frequency groups are used on this site.
A
AA
A
AA
A
CB
A
CB
Re-use 1x3 Re-use 1x1
Mobile Radio Network Planning
19
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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Co-cell / co-site constraints max RF load Co-cell constraint 2 channels spacing (ETSI recommends
3, but with Alcatel EVOLIUM capabilities this value can be set to 2)
Co-site constraint 2 channels spacing
As on the same site the minimum distance between two frequencies is 2, only every second frequency of a band of consecutive frequencies can be used
This is leading to a effective usage of the spectrum resources of maximum 50%
These 50% are the so called maximum RF load on the site
Mobile Radio Network Planning
20
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Max RF Load The max RF load within a cell can be calculated according the following formula:
This maximum RF load is only achieved, if all TRXs within the cell are fully loaded!
If the TRXs are only fractional loaded, the effective RF load is much lower!
CellsFrequencieCellTRX
loadRF/#
/#max
Mobile Radio Network Planning
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RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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%7.16122
.max loadRF
%5042
.max loadRF
Max RF Load - Examples 3 sector site, 12 hopping frequencies, 2 hopping TRX per sector
1*1 reuse:
1*3 reuse:
These values (16.7% and 50%) are the theoretical maximum achivable RF loads for the two cases. This is due to the fact, that a consecutive frequency band is assumed and thus due to inter cell constraint of 2 channels spacing only every second frequency can be used at the same time
Mobile Radio Network Planning
22
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Inter site constraints
The maximum RF load is just a theoretical value, up to which we can avoid violating the co-cell and co-site constraints
The real RF load of a cell (e.g. the traffic in Erlang handled by the hopping carriers) is the real indicator for the interferer potential of the cell
With increasing number of used hopping TS, the probability of having a collission with a used TS of another cell using the same hopping frequencies is increasing
Mobile Radio Network Planning
23
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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Traffic / Interference relation - Examples Which scenario interferes most to your communication (yellow)?
Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3
TRX1
TRX2
TRX3
TRX4
TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TRX1
TRX2
TRX3
TRX4
TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TRX1
TRX2
TRX3
TRX4
TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TRX1
TRX2
TRX3
TRX4
TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TRX1
TRX2
TRX3
TRX4
TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TRX1
TRX2
TRX3
TRX4
TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Assumptions: Cells not syncronized, cells using same hopping frequencies, BCCH not included
Inte
rfer
er
Serv
er
Mobile Radio Network Planning
24
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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Creating Hopping sequences The following slides show, how new frequency hopping
groups can be generated and how the MAIO is assigned to the different TRXs within the cell
Keep in mind the two GSM constraints 2 channels spacing between the frequencies on air at
the same time within one cell (only Alcatel EVOLIUM equipment)
2 channels spacing between the frequencies on air at the same time within one site
Assumptions: 12 consecutive frequencies available (1..12)
excluding BCCH frequencies
Mobile Radio Network Planning
25
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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Fractional Reuse 1*2,
1*3, 1*x
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26
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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1*3 reuse (1) Before we create new groups, we
have to keep two things in mind:
The RF-load of 50% is not possible with consecutive frequencies in the FHS
50% RF-load is only possible when all odd or all even frequencies are on air at the same time same amount of odd and even frequencies in each group
1 4 7 10
2 5 8 11
3 6 9 12
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
Group A: 1,4,7,10Group B: 2,5,8,11Group C: 3,6,9,12
Mobile Radio Network Planning
27
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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1*3 reuse (2) To avoid violating the GSM constarints, MAIOs have to be
defined for each TRX of the site.
1 4 7 10 1 4 7
2 5 8 11 2 5 8
3 6 9 12 3 6 9
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
MAI = 0
….
….
….
Frequency used by TRX 1
Frequency used by TRX 2
MAIO settings:
Group A: 0,2
Group B: 1,3
Group C: 0,2
Mobile Radio Network Planning
28
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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1*3 reuse (3) In a hopping group with 4 frequencies, the MAIs 0 to 3 are
possible to be generated by the hopping sequence generator
1 4 7 10 1 4 7
2 5 8 11 2 5 8
3 6 9 12 3 6 9
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
1 4 7 10 1 4 7
2 5 8 11 2 5 8
3 6 9 12 3 6 9
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
1 4 7 10 1 4 7
2 5 8 11 2 5 8
3 6 9 12 3 6 9
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
1 4 7 10 1 4 7
2 5 8 11 2 5 8
3 6 9 12 3 6 9
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
MAI = 0
MAI = 3MAI = 1
MAI = 2
Assumption:MAIOs are as defined before
Group A: 0,2Group B: 1,3Group C: 0,2
Mobile Radio Network Planning
29
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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1*3 reuse (4) For each frequency group we have an own MA table With the group allocation from before, we get:
MAI ARFCN
MA - Group B
1
2
3
2
5
8
11
0
MAI ARFCN
MA - Group A
1
2
3
1
4
7
10
0
MAI ARFCN
MA - Group C
1
2
3
3
6
9
12
0
Mobile Radio Network Planning
30
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
1*2 reuse (1) On a two sector site we may have only 2 frequency groups
and therefore only an 1*2 reuse. In a first step we allocate the frequencies according to the
allocation scheme known from the 1*3 reuse
Group A
Group B 2 4 6 8 10 12
1 3 5 7 9 11
Problem: For max. possible RF load, all odd or even must be on air at the same time. This is not possible in this case, as all odd frequencies are in group A and all even in group B
Mobile Radio Network Planning
31
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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1*2 reuse (2) To have an equal distribution between odd and even
frequencies within one frequency group, we change every second frequency
Group A
Group B 2 4 6 8 10 12
1 3 5 7 9 11 Group A
Group B 2 3 6 7 10 11
1 4 5 8 9 12
To be done: MAIO assignment!
Mobile Radio Network Planning
32
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
1*2 reuse (3) To assign MAIOs we assume the FN 0, and circle as many
frequencies as TRXs are using this group. The circeled frequencies must fulfil the GSM intra site and intra cell constraint
1 4 5 8
2 3 6 7
Cell A
Cell B
9
10 11
12MAIO TRX 1
MAIO TRX 2
MAIO TRX 3
Mobile Radio Network Planning
33
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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1*4 - Exercise
The frequencies 1..24 are available (excluding BCCH freq.) 4 sectors on the site 3 TRXs are hopping in each cell Cells are syncronized in terms of FN
Create Hopping Groups and assign MAIOs!
Mobile Radio Network Planning
34
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Fractional Reuse 1*1
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35
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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Reuse 1*1 - 3 sector site In the reuse 1 case, we use all available frequencies (1..12)
on each cell of the site Intra site collisions are only avoided by the MAIO
assignment
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
Cell A
Cell B
5
5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4Cell C 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
... .... ... ..........
..........................
MAIO of TRX 1
MAIO of TRX 2
Mobile Radio Network Planning
36
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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Reuse 1*1 - 2 sector site On a 2 sector site with 12 frequencies of course 3 TRXs per
cell are possible
61 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
5
5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
7 8 9 10 11 12
Cell A
Cell B
MAIO of TRX 1
MAIO of TRX 2
MAIO of TRX 3
Mobile Radio Network Planning
37
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Reuse 1*1 - Exercise The frequencies 1..24 are available 4 sectors on the site 4 TRXs are hopping in each cell Cells are syncronized in terms of FN
Create Hopping Groups and assign MAIOs!
Mobile Radio Network Planning
38
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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Summary: 1*2/1*3/1*4/…1
2
Cell A
Cell B
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
3
...
Cell C
Cell ...
1 4
2 3
Cell A
Cell B
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
1
2
Cell A
Cell B
3
...
Cell C
Cell ...
....... .......
.......
.......
.......
.......
MAIO TRX 1
MAIO TRX 2
MAIO TRX 3
MAIO0 2 3 4 51
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
Cell D
.......
TR
X 1
TR
X 2
TR
X 3
TR
X ..
..
0
1
0
1
2
3
2
3
4
5
4
............ ..... .......
..... .......
.......
.......
.......
Only necessary, if the number of frequency
groups id even
“Rotate” the frequencies through the
cells
Assign MAIOs
according to the
standard scheme for Reuse 1*X
Mobile Radio Network Planning
39
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Summary: 1*1
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
Cell A
Cell B
5
5 6
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4Cell C 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
... .... ... ..........
..........................
MAIO of TRX 1
MAIO of TRX 2
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
.....
.......
TR
X 1
TR
X 2
TR
X 3
TR
X ..
..
0
2
4
x+2
x+4
2x+4
....
....
2x+2
.......
..... .......
..... .......
.......
.......
.......
x
....
....
“Rotate” the MAIOs
through the cells
Standard MAIO assignment for
Reuse 1*1
Mobile Radio Network Planning
40
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
FH parameter relation to Hardware - 1*3
FN(T1R, T2, T3)(0 … 84863)
HSN(0 … 63)
Frequency HoppingSequence A
(e.g. 1,4,7,10)
Sector 1
Frequency HoppingSequence B
(e.g. 2,5,8,11)
Sector 2
Frequency HoppingSequence C
(e.g. 3,6,9,12)
Sector 3
MAIO (e.g. 2)Hopping TRX 2
Site Cells TRXs
MAIO (e.g. 0)Hopping TRX 1
MAIO (e.g. 1)Hopping TRX 1
MAIO (e.g. 3)Hopping TRX 2
MAIO (e.g. 2)Hopping TRX 2
MAIO (e.g. 0)Hopping TRX 1
Mobile Radio Network Planning
41
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
FH parameter relation to Hardware - 1*1
FN(T1R, T2, T3)(0 … 84864)
HSN(0 … 63)
Sector 1
Frequency HoppingSequence
(e.g. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11,12)
Sector 2
Sector 3
Site Cells TRXs
MAIO (e.g. 6)Hopping TRX 2
MAIO (e.g. 0)Hopping TRX 1
MAIO (e.g. 2)Hopping TRX 1
MAIO (e.g. 8)Hopping TRX 2
MAIO (e.g. 10)Hopping TRX 2
MAIO (e.g. 4)Hopping TRX 1
Mobile Radio Network Planning
42
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Alcatel BTS - Hopping concepts A910 (M4M) - Evolium Micro BTS
RFH possible for each non BCCH TRX
(max. 4 TRX within one sector)
A9110-E (M5M) Micro Base Station
BBH
RFH for each non BCCH TRX
A9100 - Evolium Macro BTS
BBH
RFH for each non BCCH TRX
Mobile Radio Network Planning
43
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Implementation of Frequency Plan to the OMC-R Directly using OMC-R
Frequencies are implemented manually in the OMC-R Used for small networks
Using External Tools A955 RNO or Excel edit of PRC files (for small changes) Particularly A955 RNP offers its A955 PRC Generator Module to
upload the frequency plan to the OMC-R (for massive changes)
Number of Cells Time Estimation using OMC-R
Time Estimation usingexternal tool
10 1h22' 1h22'100 4h24' 4h26'500 17h50' 17h58'1000 34h38' 34h55'2000 68h14' 68h49'
Mobile Radio Network Planning 44All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
RNP Extension: B7 Frequency Hopping
Frequency Hopping Parameters
Mobile Radio Network Planning
45
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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BSS and CAE parameters
In the hopping case, RXQUAL does not reflect the real quality in the network as explained before
To overcome this problem, Offsets are applied to RXQUAL dedendent parameters
Offset_Hopping_PC influences L_RXQUAL_UL_P
L_RXQUAL_DL_P
Offset_Hopping_HO influences L_RXQUAL_UL_H
L_RXQUAL_DL_H
Mobile Radio Network Planning
46
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Default Parameters for SFH
Find hereafter the parameters which are different within
hopping networks
Offset_Hopping_PC = 1.0
Offset_Hopping_HO = 1.0
HO_INTRACELL_ALLOWED = DISABLED
Note: Resolution of Offset_Hopping_XX is 0.1 since B6.2 ( 1 in B5.1 )
Mobile Radio Network Planning
47
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Quality indicator for FH (1)
The RXQUAL calculation takes only the BER before de-interleaving into account The benefit of FH is not visible in RXQUAL The higher probability to get into a fading notch
(but for a shorter time) is leading to a worse RXQUAL then without hopping, except the non hopping frequency would be in a fading notch at this location
FER - Frame Erasure Rate is counted after de-interleaving takes higher error correction possibilities due to FH
into account
Mobile Radio Network Planning
48
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Quality indicator for FH (2)
Principle of quality indicator calculation within the mobile
DEMOD DECODER
ENCODER
Frame Erasure Decision Voice
Decoder
RXQUALFrame Erasure RateFER
Deinterleave
Error
correct.
Inside the mobile stationAir
-
Mobile Radio Network Planning
49
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
Influence of FH on RXQUAL-1
10
-106
-102
RXQUAL_DL = f (RXLEV_DL)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7-9
8
-94
-90
-86
-82
-78
-74
-70
-66
-62
-58
-54
-50
Without Hopping
With Hopping
RX
QU
AL
RXLEV [dBm]
Subjective speech quality is good with RXQUAL=5
approximately:
RXQUAL(FH)=
RXQUAL(no FH) + 1
Offset_Hopping_PC and Offset_Hopping_HO are introduced for correcting this “error”.Resolution since B7.2: 0.1Min value : 0; Max value : 7
Mobile Radio Network Planning
50
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
FH implementation via OMC-R 1353-RA (1) One of the tasks of the OMC-R is the management of
relationships between a cell and its neighbouring cells in the network
In the OMC-R it is done by the logical configuration management
For example, it enables you to: Radio configuration including frequency allocation,
frequency hopping schemes, TRX and logical channel configuration
PC/HO parameters Import/Export…
Mobile Radio Network Planning
51
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
FH impl. via OMC-R 1353-RA (2) B7.2 TRX configuration
Selecting hopping mode and MAIO
Mobile Radio Network Planning
52
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
All rights reserved © 2003, Alcatel
FH impl. via OMC-R 1353-RA (3) B7.2 Frequency Allocation and FHS definition
Selecting HSNSelecting cell hopping type
Mobile Radio Network Planning
53
RNP Extension: Frequency Hopping
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What about Your network?
How to start? Frequency Band and its subdivision Special Cells (micro-cells, concentric cells…) Hopping useful?BBH or RFH? Problems (RF load, interference…)/Solutions
Open Discussion