4. betty neuman's theories (liza)

GOOD MORNING

Presenter Name

GOOD AFTERNOON

Betty Newman’s System Model

By:- Mrs. Liza S.

Tuesday, April 11, 2023 2

BETTY NEUMANN’S SYSTEM MODEL

• Betty Neumann’s system model provides a

comprehensive, flexible, holistic and system based

perspective for nursing.

• It focuses attention on the response of the client

system to actual or potential environmental stressors.

BETTY NEUMANN’S SYSTEM MODEL

• The use of primary, secondary and tertiary nursing

prevention intervention for retention, attainment,

and maintenance of optimal client system wellness.

HISTORY AND BACKGROUND

OF THE THEORIST

HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF THE THEORIST

• Betty Neumann was born in 1924, in

Lowel, Ohio.

• Completed B.Sc. nursing in 1957, and

M.S. in Mental Health Public health

consultation, from UCLA in 1966.

• She holds a Ph.D. in clinical psychology.

• A pioneer in the community mental

health movement in the late 1960s.

• Began developing her health system

model, while a lecturer in community

health nursing at University of

California, Los Angeles.

• The models was initially developed, in response

to graduate nursing students expression of a need

for course content, that would expose them to

breadth of nursing problems, prior to focusing on

specific nursing problem areas.

• The model was published in 1972 as “A Model for

Teaching Total Person Approach to Patient Problems”

in Nursing Research.

• It was refined, and subsequently published in the first

edition of Conceptual Models for Nursing Practice, in

1974, and in the second edition in 1980.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL

• Neumann’s model was influenced by a variety

of sources.

• The philosophy writers de Chardin and cornu

(on wholeness in system).

• Von Bertalanfy, and Lazlo on general system

theory.

• Selye on stress theory.

• Lararus on stress and coping. Tuesday, April 11, 2023 10

NEUMANN’S WORK & THE CHARACTERISTICS

OF A THEORY

• Theories can be the bases for hypotheses, that

can be tested.

• Theories contribute to and assist in, increasing the

general body of knowledge within the discipline,

through the research implemented to validate

OF A THEORY

• Theories connects the interrelated concepts in

such a way, as to create a different way of

looking at a particular phenomenon.

• Theories must be logical in nature .

• Theories should be relatively simple yet

generalizable.

OF A THEORY

• Theories can be utilized by the practitioner, to

guide and improve their practice.

• Theories must be consistent with other validated

theories, laws and principles but will leave open

unanswered questions, that need to be

investigated.

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF NEUMANN’S

THEORY

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

1. Each client system is unique, a composite

of factors and characteristics within a

given range of responses contained within

a basic structure. I am unique

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

2. Many known, unknown and universal stressors exist. Each differ in it’s

potential for disturbing a client’s usual stability level or normal Line of Defense.

3. Stressors both universal and known; some are unique to the client. They have potential to disturb equilibrium, thus causing a change in priority of needs at any given moment.

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

Stressors disturbs the

normal equilibrium

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

4. Man is a composite of the interrelationship of the four variables ( biological, psychological, socio-cultural and developmental) which are at all times present.

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

5. Each client/ client system has evolved a

normal range of responses to the environment

that is referred to as a normal Line of Defense.

The normal Line of Defense can be used as a

standard from which to measure health

deviation.

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

7. When the flexible Line of Defense is no longer

capable of protecting the client/ client system,

against an environmental stressor, the stressor

breaks through the normal Line of Defense.

#Tuesday, April 11, 2023 21

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

8.Primary prevention relates to general knowledge applied to clients assessment to identify stressors before they occur.

9.Secondary prevention relates to symptomatology. These are interventions generally initiated after an encounter with a stressor.

10.Tertiary prevention relates to the adaptive process, as reconstitution begins and moves back towards primary prevention. These are the interventions initiated after treatment.

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

MAJOR CONCEPTS OF NEUMANN'S

THEORY Tuesday, April 11, 2023 23

FOUR MAJOR CONCEPTS

1.Person Each layer consists of five person variable or

subsystems: Physiological- Refer to the

physiochemical structure and function of the body.

Psychological- Refers to mental processes and

emotions. Socio-cultural- Refers to relationships;

and social/cultural expectations and activities.

Spiritual- Refers to the influence of spiritual beliefs.

Developmental- Refers to those processes related

to development over the lifespan. Tuesday, April 11, 2023 25

2.Environment

The internal environment exists within the client system.

The external environment exists outside the client system.

A created environment which is an environment that is created

and developed unconsciously by the client and is symbolic of

system wholeness.

3.Health

Neuman sees health as being

equated with wellness. She

defines health/wellness as “the

condition in which all parts and

subparts (variables) are in

harmony with the whole of the

client (Neumann, 1995)”.

3.Health

The client system moved toward wellness when more energy is available than is needed.

The client system moves toward illness and death when more energy is needed than is available.

4. Nursing Neuman sees nursing as a unique

profession that is concerned with all

of the variables, which influence the

response a person might have to a

stressor. The person is seen as a

whole, and it is the task of nursing to

address the whole person.

4. Nursing

Neuman defines nursing as “action

which assist individuals, families

and groups to maintain a

maximum level of wellness, and

the primary aim is stability of the

patient/client system, through

nursing interventions to reduce

stressors.’’

4. Nursing

The role of the nurse is seen in terms of degree of reaction to stressors, and the use of primary, secondary and tertiary interventions.

#Tuesday, April 11, 2023 32

Primary prevention

Secondary prevention

Tertiary prevention

Stressors

Reaction

Interventions Reconstitution

Stressors

Basic structure

and Line of Defense

The Neuman System Model (3 rd edition, 1995)

STAGES OF NURSING PROCESS (BY NEUMAN)

NEUMANN’S SYSTEM MODEL FORMAT

ACCEPTANCE BY THE NURSING COMMUNITY

PRACTICE

EDUCATION

RESEARCH

Conclusion

Introduction of theoryHistory and background of

theoristDevelopment of modelCharacteristics of theoryBasic assumptionsMajor conceptsApplications in nursing practiceTuesday, April 11, 2023 36

#Tuesday, April 11, 2023First year M.Sc.Nursing 37

4. betty neuman's theories (liza)

Health & Medicine

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