Post on 26-Apr-2018
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ครูเดือน ครูขวัญ ครูอารีย ์ครูอ๋อย
ว30263 พันธุศาสตร์ และวิวัฒนาการ ภาคเรียนที่ 2 ปีการศึกษา 2559
ธัญญรัตน์ ด าเกาะ อรวรรณ ปิยบุญ อารีย ์สักยิ้ม ภัทรญา กลิ่นทอง
Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department, Mahidolwittayanusorn School 2
What is Genetics?
Why do we learn Genetics?
3 Activity : Doing mind map
http://www.igossipy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/mww.jpg http://mpics.manager.co.th/pics/Images/557000011845101.JPEG
http://www.grassfedgirl.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/gmo.jpg http://kosmixmedia.com/static/39d944e6f361833e44bb41023e928ed3.jpg
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http://scienceprojectideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Cloned-Dolly.jpg http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/18233/media/image2.jpeg
Stem Cell Cloning Breeding
Genetics?
http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/bio/graphics/pl%20breed.jpg
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In your opinion, what do genetics researcher do?
http://www.thinkingwriting.qmul.ac.uk/sites/default/files/shared/files/animations/Thinking-writing-6.gif
Please sign in e-database, choose science direct (e-journal) to find what do genetics researcher do and share with your friends.
8 https://www.genome.gov/images/content/genetic_testing.jpg
Medical Science
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Agriculture
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mitochondrial_eve_tree.gif/250px-Mitochondrial_eve_tree.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Early_diversification.PNG/300px-Early_diversification.PNG http://www.nature.com/news/genetic-adam-and-eve-did-not-live-too-far-apart-in-time-1.13478
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Evolution
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.20884/abstract
Do Thais come from Altai?
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Anthropology
http://www.nrct.go.th/th/portals/0/e-book/policy-strategy8th/8th.html
National Research Policy and Strategy (2012-2016)
http://www.nrct.go.th/th/Portals/0/data/2557/RPP/strategyResearch_sub/22-%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8 %AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7.pdf
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National Research Policy and Strategy (2017-2021)
http://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/gst/issue/view/2216 http://cdnlarge.bookadda.com/bk_images/924/9780763779924.jpg
http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41B8tOvRAuL._SX258_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg 14
What would happen if there were no Genetics?
When did Genetics initiate?
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http://omgcutethings.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/happy-sheep-daily-5-omg-cute-things-080212-03.jpg http://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/11/590x/dog-diabetes-423646.jpg http://breannalynnmusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/dailycute.net_8475_1338004803.jpg http://www.doctortee.com/dsu/tiftickjian/cse-img/biology/evolution/mustard-selection.jpg http://www.thecropsite.com/slir/w280/imagelib/257_barleynew3.jpg
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http://www.g2conline.info/content/c16/16195/16195_letter.jpg http://www.genmedhist.info/reports/genetical_soc/bateson.jpg 17
Who is the famous Geneticists?
http://www.biofuturesdvd.com/project/time/img/Screen15Mendel.jpg http://thepersonalgenome.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/geneticist_physician.png
http://teamforensics.wikispaces.com/file/view/Watson%20crick%20franklin.jpg/377895562/318x226/Watson%20crick%20franklin.jpg
http://astro4.ast.vill.edu/mendel/verhandl.gif
http://hslnews.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/mendel-caption-title2.jpg http://trinitynews.ie/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Nobel-Prize.jpeg http://sp6.fotolog.com/photo/54/45/12/aida_rg/1201358749_f.jpg http://www.microbes-edu.org/etudiant/mycoplasma/bp.jpg
First period :1865-1952 Second period : 1953-2003 Third period : 2004-present
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http://jem.rupress.org/content/79/2/137.abstract 19
http://www.pnas.org/content/74/12/5463 20
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/329/5987/52.full 21
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v422/n6934/pdf/timeline_01626.pdf
Genetics Timeline
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http://www.siameseproject.com/siamese/name/faces.jpg
Are you different from the others?
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http://www.siameseproject.com/siamese/name/faces.jpg
จากบนลงล่าง ซ้ายไปขวา แถว 1. ชาวซาน แอฟริกา / ชาวภูฏาน / ชาวมอนปา / ชาวทิเบต / ชาวจีน / ชาวจีนใต้ / ชาวมองโกล / ชาวชุกชี / ชาวนาวาโฮ แถว 2. ชาวสิกขิม / ชาวไทอาหม / ชาวนากา / ชาวไทใหญ่ / ชาวไทลื้อ / ชาวมลาบรี / ชาวไทจ่อง / ชาวเกาหลี / ชาวไอน ุแถว 3. ชาวอินเดีย / ชาวเบงกอล / ชาวมอญ / ชาวพม่า / ชาวไทสยาม / ชาวไทพวน / ชาวลาว / ชาวเวียดนาม / ชาวญี่ปุ่น แถว 4. ชาวอินเดีย / ชาวทมิฬ / ชาวอันดามันนีส / ชาวโอรังลาโวด / ชาวมาเลย์ / ชาวเขมร / ชาวเขมร / ชาวเวียดนาม / ชาวเมาร ิแถว 5. ชาวลังกา / ชาวอินโด / ชาวอินโด / ชาวอินโด / ชาวโอรังอัสลิ (บาติก) / ชาวเซมัง / ชาวปาปวน / ชาวออสโตรอะบอริจิน / ชาวฮาวาย
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http://www.peterubel.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/beethoven4.jpg http://www.howard.edu/newsroom/images/Magic%20Johnson%20Player.jpg
Nature or Nurture?
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Charles_Darwin_01.jpg
http://mathground.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Fermats-Last-Theorem-The-Proof-Andrew-Wiles.png 25
Genetic or Environment?
http://bio1152.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch39/39_02PotatoGreening.jpg 26
http://i.ytimg.com/vi/O85aM7-BZqM/hqdefault.jpg
Gene
Gene-environment interaction
Environment Eye colour
Curly hair by curl machine
Skin colour 27
Check yourself : which characters are occurred by genetic?
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_byDdUa0uV94/TNcATfT6G6I/AAAAAAAAAQw/OknVi_D4CNA/s320/-hemipeligia.jpg 28
Continuous variation Discontinuous variation
http://www.vce.bioninja.com.au/_Media/continuous_vs_discontinuous_med.jpeg 29
http://qph.is.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-d639ca5e0d3b95c4bb722e579ce7e6f7?convert_to_webp=true http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1002447
http://www.dicat.csic.es/dicat/en/2011/210-the-molecular-mechanism-that-links-temperature-with-sex-determination-in-some-species-has-been-found
European sea bass Reptile
From these pictures could you explain the relation between gene and environment?
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Gene
Gene
Gene
Gene
Gene
Environment
Environment
Environment
Environment
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_byDdUa0uV94/TNcATfT6G6I/AAAAAAAAAQw/OknVi_D4CNA/s320/-hemipeligia.jpg
Genotype Phenotype 32
Environment
Gene
Protein Phenotype
Chromosome
Could you explain the relationship among these?
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CHROMOSOME & KARYOTYPE
Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department, Mahidolwittayanusorn School 34
Cell & Phenotype
http://www.dermamedics.com/images/user_images/melaninunit.gif http://cdn.entwellbeing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/skin-colour-types.jpg
http://petragaleria.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/2009-homem-corpo-humano-nu-dna-celula-cromossomo-nucleo-mitocondria-man-human-body-naked-dna-cell-chromosome-nucleus-mitochondria.jpg?w=625
How do cells control phenotype?
http://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/ch331/cho/ergolgi.jpeg
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/NIH/images/rna-transcription.gif
Protein & Gene
Chromosome & DNA
https://elcaminogmi.dnadirect.com/img/content/common/cellsToDNA.gif
What is a chromosome?
Does every living have chromosome?
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/science/viruses/images/virus_structure.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Average_prokaryote_cell-_en.svg/1258px-Average_prokaryote_cell-_en.svg.png http://carolguze.com/images/cellorganelles/chromosomes2.jpg
Chromosome & Genome
https://cdn-assets.answersingenesis.org/img/articles/am/v3/n2/dna-sources-large.jpg https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTgHRWn27TB16PA8OJsgkxdSOvj9hddWbDrHOeva67_qYYyRLKL
http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap01/chrom_struct.html
Bacterial chromosome
Nucleoid
http://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL2060/BIOL2060-18/18_06.jpg
Mesosome
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/123/15/1650/F2.large.jpg
Eukaryotic Nuclear chromosome
Histone protein
DNA
What is a chromosome?
What is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosome?
http://www.nmpdr.org/FIG/wiki/pub/FIG/Contig/ChromosomesInEuksAndProks.png
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/bac-rep.jpg
http://00.edu-cdn.com/files/static/mcgrawhillprofessional/9780071625036/BACTERIAL_DNA_REPLICATION_AND_CELL_DIVISION_03.GIF
http://mol-biol4masters.masters.grkraj.org/html/Eukaryotic_DNA_Replication4-Replication_Mechanism_files/image013.jpg
http://course1.winona.edu/kbates/bio241/images/figure-11-13.jpg
http://images.slideplayer.us/2/736921/slides/slide_28.jpg
http://static.diffen.com/uploadz/f/fd/eukaryote-prokaryote-DNA.png
Cytogenetics is a study of chromosome.
o Number o Structure o Function o Behavior in relation to gene inheritance o Organization and expression
http://www.elu.sgul.ac.uk/rehash/guest/scorm/53/package/content/images/metaphase_structure.jpg
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/chromatin.html
From chromatin to Chromosome
o DNA (2 nm) o Histone o Nucleosomes (11nm) o Solenoid (30 nm) o Scaffold (120-300 nm) o Chromatid (700 nm)
http://beyondthedish.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/chromatin1.jpg
http://www.genetics.sdu.edu.cn/jpkc/bnzkj/chapter2.pdf
http://iws.inha.ac.kr/~biology/lab9/genetics/figure/chromosome1.jpg
DNA & Histone
How do they bind together?
http://bio.m2osw.com/gcartable/imagesbio/imag%20polytech/lysinarg.gif http://blog.deanandadie.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/phosphate.jpg
Negative charge Positive charge
Phosphate group
@pH 7
Histones
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/histone-DNA.jpg http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/136/2/131/F1.large.jpg
Octamer
(H1), (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) x2
http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/39090/fimmu-03-00371-HTML/image_m/fimmu-03-00371-g002.jpg
Chromatin o Euchromatin
o Heterochromatin
o Lightly stained o Loose structure o Genetically active o Unmethylated DNA
o Deeply stained o Compact structure o Genetically silent o Methylated DNA
http://www.med.uoi.gr/haematology/en/img/euchromatin_heterocromatin.jpg
http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/44218/media/fig1.png
K&R
http://chemicalbiologyutrecht.nl/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Arg_Met_with_legend.jpg
http://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL2060/BIOL2060-18/18_22.jpg
Concepts
o Cytogenetics is a study of chromosome. o Chromosome is a packing chromatin. o Chromatin is binding between DNA (negative
charge) and proteins (especially positive charge of Histone)
o Gene expression occurs when structural protein can not bind with DNA.
o Euchromatin has lightly stain.
http://img2.tfd.com/mk/K/X2604-K-01.png
KARYOTYPE and IDEOGRAM
http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/44714/media/image5.jpeg
https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Human_Karyotype.html
http://kenpitts.net/bio/genetics/human_karyotype.gif
Denver System (1960s) Paris Banding (1970s)
http://www.fertilitycenter.com/fertility_cares_blog/preimplantation-genetic-diagnosis/
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
http://www.bjui.org/cases/85.7/bju637.f1.gif
Karyotype -> Ideogram
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/chromosomes/readchromosomes/images/matching.png
Chromosome morphology
http://dwb4.unl.edu/Chem/CHEM869N/CHEM869NLinks/www.iacr.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/images/chromol.gif
o P arm = short arm o Q arm = long arm o Centromere o Stalk o Satellite
http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~frist/PLNT3140/l18/nomenclature.gif http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wKefwmQBduY/UEMls4PTSZI/AAAAAAAAA14/oyfkwBYuR9w/s400/chromosome+ultra+structure+1.jpg
ISCN 2009 (An International
System for Human Cytogenetic
Nomenclature)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/MLACourse/Modules/Genomes/images/cytogenetic_bands.gif
q10
Structure
http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/873/flashcards/810873/png/screen_shot_2012-02-03_at_11.47.55_pm1328334503791.png
Number
http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/down's.gif