22 Aug

Agenda• Welcome to Biology• Seating Chart• Characteristics of Life

– WB, discussion, lecture

HW:1. Read syllabus.2. Get signatures on

syllabus and safety contract.

Opener:What comes to mind when you think of Biology?

Welcome to Biology!

• Objective sheets• SharePoint 2007• Tardies• Cell phones• Whiteboarding

Characteristics of Life - Whiteboarding

BIOLOGY

On your white board:

1. Make a list of 10 things that are alive in the photos.2. Make a list of 5 things that are not alive in the

photos3. Try to make a list of characteristics that all living

things have in common

The study ofLife

Characteristics of Life

1. Reproduce2. Use Energy3. Have Organization- made of

cells4. Regulate internal

environment• Homeostasis

5. Grow and Develop6. Respond to environment7. Adapt through

evolutionary processes

25 AugAgenda• Syllabus Qs?/Grading

policy/ Room Safety • Review Characteristics • Research Components

HW:1. Read syllabus.2. Get signatures on syllabus

and safety contract.

• Opener:– How many of the

characteristics of life can you remember from Friday?

Characteristics of Life

1. Reproduce2. Use Energy3. Have Organization- made of

cells4. Regulate internal

environment• Homeostasis

5. Grow and Develop6. Respond to environment7. Adapt through

evolutionary processes

What is Science?

Is it something one knows?or

Is it something one does?

Yes!

Using ScienceA vacant lot was recently donated to the village of Darien. The city would like to restore it to native Illinois prairie. The soil is in very bad shape and you’ll need to add nutrients to it to maximize growth. You have 2 jobs:

• Decide what to plant in the new prairie.

• Decide what fertilizers need to be added to the soil to make the prairie plants grow best.

Types of Research

Field studies:• Observational,

descriptive• Used when a researcher

needs to study subjects in a natural setting

Types of Research

Controlled Experiments Determines causation;

One variable causes the other variable to change;

Groups are compared to each other (control and experimental groups)

Observations: facts that can be obtained using senses or extensions of senses

Qualitative Data : • Deals with

descriptions. • Data can be observed

but not measured. • Colors, textures,

smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, etc.

• Qualitative → Quality

Quantitative Data:• Data which can be

measured. • Length, height, area,

volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc. • Quantitative → Quantity 

Research Components

– Observation- facts that can be obtained using senses or extensions of senses• ex. My cell phone won’t turn- on when I press the

power button

– Inference- drawing a conclusion based on data and observation• Ex. The battery is dead

IV/DV– Independent variable (IV)- What is being

manipulated (changed)

– Dependent variable(DV)- What is being measured

Back to the prairie restoration…• Decide what to plant in the new prairie.- Field Study• Decide what fertilizers need to be added to make the

prairie plants grow best.- Controlled Experiment

• Independent Variable:• Dependent Variable: • Will your data be

qualitative or quantitative?

26 Aug

Agenda• Collect signed syllabi• Tetrazolium lab

HW:Finish lab handout

Opener:A scientist hypothesized exposure to cold weather would cause weight gain. Her results showed that rats exposed to 4°C for 21 days weighed 15% less than rats who were kept at 22°C.IV:DV:Qualitative or quantitative? What type of investigation is this?

Tetrazolium Lab

• Safety:– Goggles– Aprons– Razor safety

Work on lab handout during incubation time

1. Organize your lab 2. Add a thin layer of

tetrazolium to your petri dish3. Slice corn seeds so you

expose the most inner surface area

4. Place cut side down in the tetrazolium for 10 minutes

5. Record data6. Clean lab area

27 Aug• Opener– Why is it important to

have multiple trials/ subjects in a good scientific experiment?

• Agenda– Talk about/Turn in

Plant lab – Intro to stats activity

• Homework– none

28 Aug

Agenda:• Experiment

Critique Partner activity

• Review for tomorrow’s quiz

HW• Study for Quiz

Tomorrow

OpenerWhat 2 things can whisker bars tell us?

Column1 Without Auxin With Auxin

Plant Height (mm) Height (mm)

Average 6.20 8.60SEM 0.58 0.51

10.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

What was the… 5. IV?6. DV?7. Control Group?8. Experimental

Group?

1. How do the averages compare?2. How would you describe the data

variance?3. Is there a statistically significant

difference between these two groups?

4. State how you know this.

Pea seeds were grown in a controlled environment. Half of the plants were treated with the plant hormone Auxin.

w/o Auxin w/ Auxin

Plan

t hei

ght (

mm

)

Column1 Without Auxin With Auxin

Plant Height (mm) Height (mm)

Average 6.20 8.60SEM 0.58 0.51

10.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

What was the… 5. IV? Auxin Treatment6. DV? Plant Height7. Control Group? w/o Auxin8. Experimental Group? w/ Auxin

1. How do the averages compare?The plants with Auxin were on average 2.4 mm taller than the plants without

2. How would you describe the data variance?The relatively small whisker bars indicate good, reliable data.

3. Is there a statistically significant difference between these two groups? Yes4. State how you know this. The whisker bars don’t overlap

Pea seeds were grown in a controlled environment. Half of the plants were treated with the plant hormone Auxin.

w/o Auxin w/ Auxin

Plan

t hei

ght (

mm

)

Opening Q:

1. Is the data represented by the yellow bar good data? How did you make your decision?

2. Is there a statistically significant difference between the 2 sets of data?

Agenda:• Quiz

• Review The tetrazolium lab

HW: none!

29 Aug

Average0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

Opener:

• Pretend this room is completely sealed and there is absolutely no airflow. If I opened a bottle of perfume at the front of the room, would a person in the back of the room ever smell it? Why or why not?

2 Sept

Agenda

• Equilibrium and Homeostasis

• Whiteboard – Homeostasis of body temperature

• Positive and negative feedback

• Components of a model• Whiteboard – Homeostasis

of body temperature

HW: none

Kinetic Molecular Theory

1. All matter is made of atoms2. All atoms are in constant motion3. Increasing the energy will increase the

motion

Equilibrium

• When all molecules are evenly distributed, they are at equilibrium

• Do molecules stop moving when equilibrium is reached? • Requires no energy, it just happens• Examples are osmosis and diffusion• Not always good for living systems…

NO!

Homeostasis

• Living things need homeostasis, not equilibrium

• Homeostasis: Keeping internal conditions constant– Body temperature– Blood glucose levels– Water levels– Mineral, vitamin, electrolyte concentrations

Whiteboard – Model body temperature homeostasis

• With your group, make a model of how our body maintains our body temperature

Homeostasis is maintained by negative feedback loops

This is an example of negative feedback:

Let’s define negative feedback:

Negative Feedback in Blood Glucose Maintenance

Positive feedback is rare and it disrupts homeostasis

Positive feedback loops ruin homeostasis – even in large scale biological systems

Redo body temp homeostasis model

Closing Question

• Compare and contrast homeostasis and equilibrium

Opening :Give some examples to show the difference between equilibrium and homeostasis?

Agenda

• Review Negative and Positive feedback

• Intro to lab claim• Safety and probe use

instructions• Lab exploration

HW: none

3 Sept

Homeostasis is maintained by negative feedback loops

Lab introduction

Claim:

Tissues from living organisms have feedback mechanisms that

maintain homeostasis.

Safety and Probes

Opening :Give some examples to show the difference between equilibrium and homeostasis?

Agenda

• Data Collection/ Analysis for homeostasis Lab

HW: no quiz tomorrowWe will be working on our lab

write-ups and revising our body temp models.

4 Sept

Opening :Give some examples to show the difference between equilibrium and homeostasis?

Agenda

• Analyze lab data and report findings

• Revisit body temp models

HW: finish lab

5 Sept

Agenda

• Collect Homeostasis Lab• Finish Models• Levels of organization

HW: none

8 SeptOpeningOn a blank sheet of paper, sketch out a model of human body temperature homeostasis.

1. Pick 1 response from your diagram and explain how it is an example of negative feedback.

Sweating is an example of negative feedback because increased body temperature causes it and the result is to lower body temperature.2. Pick another response from your diagram and

explain what it would be like if it were positive feedback.

If shivering was part of positive feedback it would cause the body to become colder; which would cause more shivering.

Put the following terms in order from smallest to biggest:• Population• Organism• Molecule• Community• Cell• Ecosystem• Organ• Atom

Levels of Organization

Levels of OrganizationPut the following terms in order form smallest to biggest:• Atom• Molecule• Cell- smallest unit of life• Organ• Organism• Population- a group of organisms of the same species

living in the same area• Community- all the populations of an area• Ecosystem- The community plus the nonliving

elements

Opening :Is this a bike?

Agenda

• Emergence• Nova Science Now• Emergence

activity• TED

HW: none

9 Sept

How about this?

What can this do that the pile of parts couldn’t?

EMERGENCE

Nova Science Now: Emergence

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/emergence.html

EMERGENT PROPERTIES

Emergent Properties

New property or function that arises out of the interactions of the parts of the system.

Complex phenomena that arise from individual pieces/organisms following simple rules.

Emergent Properties –

Connect to Levels of Organization

SWARM BEHAVIOR IN ROBOTS

Vijay Kumar: Robots that fly ... and cooperate

http://www.ted.com/talks/vijay_kumar_robots_that_fly_and_cooperate?language=en

Opening :Take out a half a sheet of paper and your notes

Agenda

• Participation Quiz• Evolution Misconceptions

HW: none

10 Sept

Participation Quiz

1. Put the following in order from smallest to largest:a. community b. population c. atom d. molecule e. organism

2. How does a school of fish demonstrate emergence?

3. What is positive feedback?

E.C. Can you describe how a car crash on the side of the road could result in a positive feedback loop for traffic?

Participation Quiz

1. Put the following in order from smallest to largest:

c. atom d. molecule e. organism b. population a. community

2. How does a school of fish demonstrate emergence?

Complex phenomena that arise from individual pieces/organisms following simple rules.

3. What is positive feedback?

Positive feedback is when the response to a stimulus increases the stimulusE.C. Can you describe how a car crash on the side of the road could result in a positive feedback loop for traffic?

Evolution Misconceptions

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/IHowitworks.shtml

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/selection/misconceptions/

11 Sept• Opener

– What’s the difference between evolution and natural selection?

Agenda:• Natural Selection notes• Natural Selection

Scenario

• HomeworkFinish N.S. Scenario

worksheet

Natural selection There is heritable variation within

populations

More offspring are born than can survive

The result is a competition for limited resources

Some organisms survive & reproduce based on adaptationCharles Darwin

Natural Selection Scenario

1. Choose a population of organisms (animal, plant, etc.) Apple Tree

2. Give an example of genetic variation in a trait that the organisms could display

(size, color, senses, etc.) Apples that range from sweet to slightly

bitter

3. Select an environment for the organisms to live in.

Normal forest with a healthy deer population

4. Based on your selected trait and environment, explain how some organisms are

more successful at surviving and reproducing than others.

The deer tend to eat the sweeter apples at a higher rate than

the slightly bitter apples.

5. Describe a change in the environment that would cause the

previously successful organisms to be not as successful. A new

insect, the Apple Beetle, that eats only the sweetest apples is

introduced to the forest. They will not eat the apples with

any bitterness at all.

6. Discuss how the change in environment has led to a change in the

population of your selected organism. Now the sweet apple trees

are not getting their seeds spread as much as the slightly

bitter apple trees. The more bitter trees are now

reproducing at a faster rate than the sweeter trees.

7. Draw a graph the represents the change in the population over time

Change in Apple Tree distribution over time

Rela

tive

Abun

danc

e (%

)

Time

0

100

Introduction of Apple beetle

Sweet

Bitter

Agenda:• Discuss & Revise Natural

Selection Scenario• Life: Insects

Homework:• Start to think about what

experiment you’ll run on Monday

12 Sept

• OpenerWhat is this animal?

Agenda:• Intro Termites• Begin to design

experimentHomework:• Start to think about what

experiment you’ll run on Tomorrow

15 Sept

• OpenerHow come termites can eat wood, but we can’t?

E.O Wilson & Ant Hormones

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HKl8Luuotw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ClwpgtWP_Y&feature=related

Fun with Termites

Agenda:• Lab: Design and complete

your hypothesis-based experiment

Homework:• Formative Quiz on lab

tomorrow

16 Sept• Opener– How could you

represent the data you’re going to collect graphically?

Termite Lab

The Lab• Think of an question

you’d like to investigate with the termites.

• Materials can be found on the center table.

• See Mr. Gotlund for termites.

The Write-up• Take good notes on your

experiment• Things to include in your

notes– Question investigated– Hypothesis– IV/DV– Type of data– Conclusions – Extensions– Sources of error– Any other information you

feel is important

17 SeptOpener

• Agenda – Review

• Homework– Study for Friday’s test

18 SeptOpener– O

• Agenda – Review

• Homework– Study for

tomorrow’s test

19 Sept

• Agenda – Unit 1 Exam

• Homework– None- Enjoy

homecoming!