2010 Euromed - EPublishing Opportunities and 3D Repositories for Cultural Heritage on the Web: A...

E-Publishing Opportunities and 3D Repositories

e.toffalori@gmail.com

_______________________________________

November, 11th 2010, Limassol

E-Publishing Opportunities and 3D Repositoriesfor Cultural Heritage on the Web:

a State of the Art 2010

Università di Bologna, ItalyElena Toffalori, PhD candidate

________________________________________

SummaryOpportunities to publish scientific

3D models on the Web

(Addressing an academic public)

• CH 3D models: features and standards

• E-Publishing: new tendencies

• Best practices and coordination institutions

• 3D Web: advances, issues, DRM

• 3D Repositories: an emerging tool

• CH 3D Repository: a comparative analysis

CH 3D models: features andstandards

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

3D Models as spatially organized archives

3D data are more and more adopted (both fromdigitization and abstract modeling)

Models must enable synoptic view ofheterogeneous data, analysis, simulation...

Very useful feature: link to multimedia sources /documents or metadata related both to the modeland the reconstruction process

Forte, M., 2000. About Virtual Archeology: Disorders, Cognitive Interactions andVirtuality. In Virtual Reality in Archaeology. Oxford: Juan A. Barceló, MaurizioForte, Daniel H. Sanders, pagg. 247-263.

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Achieve transparency * to sources / metadata

Embedding of metadata

Database connection

Graphical coding of uncertainty

Switch between alternative models

Implementing of generative rules for proceduralmodeling

* http://www.londoncharter.org/

http://www.certosadibologna.it

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Greater accuracy in documentation and annotationof the reconstruction process

Data need to be uniform + treated with standardformats

Enrichment of visual (3D) data with metadata andsources

New type of scientific publication: 3D model asintegral part of the study

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

E-Publishing: new tendencies

“Traditional” E-Publishing

PDF Documents / Flash Pages / HTML Hypertexts(+ Images, Videos..)

Distributed through Web-press / RSS aggregators(like Google News - free contents / Newspass -pay-news)

Scientific contents: specialized Web-magazinesand portals

More complex data (e.g. 3D Models or culturalobjects) are usually indexed through theirmetadata (RSS or other syndication standards)

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

http://www.pasthorizons.com/magazine/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/cva/projectpages/CVA1.htm

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

“Traditional” E-Publishing

ACCESSIBILITY

COST REDUCTION

MULTIMEDIA CONTENTS

MASS DIGITIZATION PROCESS

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

New tendencies: a “Post-literate age”

Post-textual communication (icons,videos, images, tags): plain text is NOT the maininterface

Tactile, customizable, mobile interfaces(Smartphones, iPod, Kindle, iPad...)

Mashups: integrated geo-information, tagclouds, augmented reality, 3D contents ...........

User-generated contents

McLuhan, M., 1964. Understanding Media: the Extensions of Man McGraw-Hill., New York.

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

http://www.romereborn.virginia.edu/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

http://wikimapia.org/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

http://secondlife.com/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Best practice and coordinationinstitutions

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://www.brickscommunity.org/

European Projects

BRICKS (2002-)

Development of digitization activities

New generation digital libraries (digital museums,digital archives...)

(3D was taken into account)

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://www.minervaeurope.org/

European Projects

MINERVA (2002-)

Coordination of digitization activities

Cultural resources indexing and aggregation

Guidelines for cultural portals (e.g. MICHAEL)

Guidelines for Digital Rights Management

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://www.michael-culture.eu/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep http://www.epoch-net.org/

http://www.londoncharter.org/

European Projects

EPOCH (2004-)

Tools for 3D data acquisition and processing

Manuals and Reports on 3D Techniques (In Man)

Guidelines for quality Cultural 3D (London Charter,2005)

Web semantic

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep http://www.athenaeurope.org/

http://www.carare.eu/

European Projects

ATHENA - CARARE - FOCUS-K3D - AIM@SHAPE

Best practices for digital (and 3D) data creation

Metadata harvesting and indexing (e.g. EUROPEANAPortal 2007-)

Introduction of semantic in Cultural 3D productionpipeline

http://www.focus3d.eu/

http://www.aimatshape.net/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://www.europeana.eu/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://www.europeana.eu/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

3D-Web: advances, Issues andDRM

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Web 3D = Interactive 3D contents on the Web

1. Business fields (ECONOMIC IMPULSE)

Videogame marketGeo-Information (GPS navigation, GeoRSS, AugmentedReality apps...)

2. User communities (SOCIAL IMPULSE)

MUVEs and MMORPGsMetaverses3D chat

Developement of strong 2D and 3D rendering engines

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://secondlife.com/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://www.google.com/mobile/goggles/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://www.google.com/mobile/goggles/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Web 3D

QTVR, VRML (‘90s)

X3D (2004)

XML-based formats

3DMLW, 3DXML, COLLADA (e.g. KMZ), Java3D,O3D/WebGL, U3D

Wide adopted viewers: Adobe Reader (U3D is supported inPDF), Google Earth Web plug-in, HTML5-browsers...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web3D **and related pages**

http://www.pdf3d.co.uk/gallery.php

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D RepHTML5: http://www.google.com/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D RepHTML5: http://thewildernessdowntown.com/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D RepHTML5

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D RepHTML5

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Web 3D

Many APIs and plugins

Embedded 3D effects in web-pages (Flash, HTML5)

Minor experiments from the scientific community:

OSG4WEB (Cineca, CNR for OSG and OpenGL-basedapplications)

Calori, L., 2007. Osg4Web. Condivisione di dati e applicazioni VR WebGIS per ilpaesaggio archeologico. In Secondo Workshop su open source, free software andopen formats nei processi di ricerca archeologica. Available at:http://workshop07.iosa.it/workshop07/index.php?title=Abstract.

http:3d.cineca.it/storage/demo_vrome_ajax/osg4web.html

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://3d.cineca.it/storage/demo_vrome/htdocs/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Issues

Limited compatibility (ADSL, HW-SW requirements)

Usability: not accessible to low-skilled users

Heterodirected: advances come from communication / IT /entertainment market

Not trusted as scientific tools

Common tool for exchange and storage of complex CH data...in the next years?...

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Issues

DRM (digital rights management) andIPM (intellectual property management)

Data sharing and dissemination on digital format is a majorissue in Cultural Heritage

Complex IPR statusMany involved subjectsDerivative contentsUsers “digital access” barrier

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

DRM tools

Access control systems

Copy protection systems

Fully enabled IPR systems

IPR actively protected using

Watermarking or digital / invisible watermarking

Trusted systems

Encryption

Hard-Soft keys

Worldwide legal tools:Creative Commons

licences

http://creativecommons.org/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

3D Repositories: an emerging tool

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

An interesting trend is the creation oflibraries of custom 3D objects and avatars

created by the users

along with sale and exchange of texturesand 3D models

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

3D Repository as digital objects collections

Personal objects collections pertaining to users ofmetaverses, 3D chats, MUVEs (often supplied by a dedicatedmarket, as in SL)

Highly specialized repositories (e.g. Protein models)

Collaborative projects for massive thematic reconstructions(e.g. Virtual Cities)

DEM and building 3D models for Geo-Web applications

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

3D Repository as work and presentation tools

3D Gallery as portfolio for institutions working in the field ofVirtual Reality, 3D Modeling or Computer Graphics)

3D artists works and collaborative collections

Object, material and texture libraries to be used forprofessional 3D modeling or for videogame design

Web-museums exhibitions or educational resources

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://vcg.isti.cnr.it/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Access and contribution model

Access to 3D collections is usually in two steps:

1) Simple preview of metadata, access to additionalcontents and/or screenshots from the model

2) Download OR Interactive Visualization of the model,after installing a plug-in component andauthenticating

Contributors can be registered users of the website/systemor partners of the project.

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Implementation

Systems for management of on-line object/contentrepositories are available. Some are open-source

EprintsFedoraDSpace.....

Otherwise a dedicated system is developedBRICKS (EU)* no accessibility/GUI studies!

Doerr, M., 2010. Survey of Existing Repository Technology, Available at: http://www.3d-coform.eu/index.php/downloads/cat_view/34-publicdeliverables/ 37-repository-infrastructure.

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Cultural Heritage 3D Repositories:a comparative analysis

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Papers regarding 3D Repositories for Cultural Heritage

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

Examples of CH 3D Repositories:

1) AIM@SHAPE http://shapes.aim-at-shape.net/

2) 3D-COFORM http://www.3d-coform.eu/

3) CY-ARK http://archive.cyark.org/

4) SAVE - 3DWS http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/save/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

1) AIM@SHAPE

NoE European Project

Strongly focused on Web Semantic, Interpretation, indexingand retrieval of digital contents (particularly 3D objects)

(Benchmark gallery for best-practices in creating efficientsemantic and metadata in 3D data)

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

1) AIM@SHAPE

EU’s Sixth Framework ProgrammeFunding

14 research centres, 91 partnersInvolvedInstitutions

http://shapes.aim-at-shape.net/Web Link

Bianca Falcidieno, IMATI-CNR Dept. of GenovaProjectCoordina-tion

2004-2007Year(s)

AIM@SHAPE “Advanced and Innovative Models AndTools for the development of Semantic-basedsystems for Handling, Acquiring, and ProcessingKnowledge Embedded in multidimensional digitalobjects”

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

1) AIM@SHAPE

Contents providers are researchers fromparticipating institutions.

Contributionmodel

Users can preview images and metadata relatedto models. Owners define licenses and accessrestrictions for their models.

AccessModel

Various, from geometric representation (mesh,parametric models, point cloud) to raster dataand motion capture. Shape R. collects PLY, OFF,VRML, OBJ, IGES, STEP with different interactionlevels

SupportedFormats

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

1) AIM@SHAPE

• R. were created as common work platforms, forpublications, software tools, metadata and 3D shapes.

• Shape Common Ontology developed within the project

• Shapes support multi-resolution format, grouping andversioning

• Geometric and Semantic search engine and Categorytree implemented for retrieval

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://shapes.aim-at-shape.net/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

2) 3D-COFORM

Consortium, founded by former partners of EPOCH NoE

Aimed at developing and implementing SW-HW componentsfor broad-based digitization and 3D data handling

(Models from laser-scanning or the open-source EPOCHpipeline. R. is a working tool also hosting raw data)

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

2) 3D-COFORM

EU’s Seventh Framework Programme: 8 M €Funding

19 partners

http://www.3d-coform.eu/index.php/partner

InvolvedInstitutions

http://www.3d-coform.eu/Web Link

David Arnold, University of Brighton, UKProjectCoordina-tion

2008-2012Year(s)

3D-COFORM: Making 3D documentation aneveryday choice for the Cultural Heritage sector;

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

2) 3D-COFORM

Contents provided by participating institutionsand EPOCH tools users.

Contributionmodel

Owners can set access conditions (usually user-authentication). Rendering is performed server-side and requires the installation of a plug-in.Protection of data through watermarking andencryption.

AccessModel

Standard encoding for mesh files is COLLADA-L.R. supports VSL-compatible formats, OBJ,COLLADA and PLY and PTX point cloud formats.Many kinds of multimedia (images, video, texts)data are supported. GIS and more data will behandled through external components

SupportedFormats

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

2) 3D-COFORM

• Address all aspects of 3D data creation fromcapture to dissemination

• CIDOC-CRM ontology for metadata/semanticmanagement

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://www.3d-coform.eu/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

3) CY-ARK

Scientific non-profit foundation (huge board of partners!)

Strictly focused on models acquired through laser-scanning

Projects with 3D data and historical/context information

(Models from laser-scanning for purposes of documentationor conservation)

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

3) CY-ARK

Kacyra Family Foundation, corporate sponsor,partners, donations and volunteering

Funding

http://archive.cyark.org/partnersInvolvedInstitutions

http://archive.cyark.org/Web Link

Founders: Ben and Barbara KacyraProjectCoordina-tion

From 2001Year(s)

CY-ARK; Digitally Preserving and Sharing theWorld’s Cultural Heritage

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

3) CY-ARK

Contents provided by participating institutions orindependent contributors. Acquisitions (often HD)encouraged and financed by partners.

Contributionmodel

User-authentication required. Projects include 3Dand multimedia datasets for each CH site.Preview of low-res screenshots is provided, whileaccess to full data is depending on individualagreement with rights owners (e.g. CC License).Advanced view (requires plug-in installation)includes interaction and data extrapolation

AccessModel

ASCII point cloud formats (PTX, PTS, XYZ), someproprietary formats (POD, IMP), most commonmesh formats (3DS, OBJ, DAE). Advanced on-lineviewer requires 3DS or PTS.

SupportedFormats

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

3) CY-ARK

• Acquisition purpose driven by site management,conservation, restoration and documentation needs.

• Metadata limited to geo-referencing, externalcontext information associated through “Projects”.

• GIS-like layer of icons pointing to external resourcesis available for maps and under development for 3Dscenes.

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://archive.cyark.org/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://archive.cyark.org/

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

4) SAVE - 3DWS

Born with the Rome Reborn Project (2008)

Aim to creating a specialized journal

Advanced on-line interaction and MUVE for educational use

(Pay-per-view contents, targeting scholars and CHprofessional)

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

4) SAVE - 3DWS

Support from US NSN (National Science Foundation)Funding

Virtual World Heritage Laboratory, VirginiaUniversity; ENEA Research Center, Bo-Na, Italy.

InvolvedInstitutions

http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/save/Web Link

Bernard Frisher, IATH Virginia UniversityProjectCoordina-tion

From 2009Year(s)

SAVE - 3DWS. Saving and Archiving VirtualEnvironments (IATH); Technical infrastructure: 3DWeb Service Project (ENEA).

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

4) SAVE - 3DWS

Registered users. Contribution will pass throughtechnical and subject review. Metadata, arelated monograph and underlying documentationcan be attached.

Contributionmodel

Registered users can access interactively viaremote 3D to HD models (java applet installationrequired); preview of metadata and stillscreenshots, and search engine for metadata areprovided. IPR Protection through Watermarking.

AccessModel

3DS Max or Maya; a simplified version can bepublished in KMZ (for Google Earth); a thirdversion, enhanced with avatars, can be used inthe dedicated MUVE application.

SupportedFormats

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rep

4) SAVE - 3DWS

• Fully interactive visualization online through remoterendering (ENEA)

• Aimed to creating a specialized, peer-reviewedjournal for 3D contents

• Allows use of models as social environments and forsimulations, inside a dedicated MUVE

Frischer, B. et al., 2008. Rome Reborn. In SIGGRAPH 2008. Los Angeles: ACM.Frischer, B. et al., In press: 3D Web Service Project. In Fusion of Cultures. CAA 2010

Proceedings, Granada 6-9 april 2010. CAA. Granada. Available at:www.afs.enea.it/project/ark3d/3DWS_Project.pdf.

E-Publishing

Best practices

3D Web

3D Rep

CH 3D Rephttp://www3.iath.virginia.edu/save/

Conclusions

Scientific metadata archives are convergingtowards 3D (e.g. Carare for Europeana)

3D Web quickly developing

Emerging tool: 3D Repositories (aestheticpurposes or specialized object collections)

CH 3D Repositories allow connection to metadataand multimedia documentation

Most oriented to a collaborative model enhancinguser generated contents, community-building andopen source resources.

Conclusions

3D Repository can turn out to be an effective toolfor collection, dissemination and publishing of

3DS scientific contents

ISSUES

IPR PROTECTION

DOCUMENTATION

USABILITY

ACCESSIBILITY

_______________________________________

Thank You!

Università di Bologna, ItalyElena Toffalori, PhD candidate

________________________________________

2010 Euromed - EPublishing Opportunities and 3D Repositories for Cultural Heritage on the Web: A...

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