(2) San Basics

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2-san-basics 1/64

Prepared By - Date – Page 1

Storage Basics

Ripunjaya Rawat

StorageTechnical Manager - Storage

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

At the end of this course, you will be able to:

Have overview of a Storage network. Differentiate between Storage Network Technologies such as

DAS, SAN & NAS Identify features and benefits of each Storage Network Technology Have overview of Fiber Channel protocol List SAN components Define different SAN topologies such as point-to-point, arbitrated loop,

and switched fabric topologies

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

In order to ensure productivity of training, we need to be….

- Punctual……………..

- Put mobile on vibration and do not receive calls within the training

room……………..

- Not dropout from the training without permission……………..

- Be more interactive…………….

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

LESSON 1 Introduction to SANs

Basic terms and concepts

Advantages of SAN and NAS

LESSON 2 SAN Connectivity

A Fibre Channel Primer

LESSON 3 SAN Components

Products and features

LESSON 4 SAN Topology

Point-to-point, arbitrated loop,switched fabric

LESSON 5 ZONING

Hard and soft zoning

LESSON 6 RAID

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

INTRODUCTION TO SAN

LESSON 1

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

A dedicated network forservers and storage systems

What is a Storage Area Network?

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2-san-basics 7/64Prepared By - Date – Page 7

Storage Basics

Disk Storage Subsystem

Hard Disk

Controller

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

SAN STORAGE

• RAID: ―Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks‖

Fault-tolerant grouping of disks that server sees as a single diskvolume

Combination of parity-checking, mirroring, striping

Self-contained, manageable unit of storage

• JBOD: ―Just a Bunch of Disks‖

Drives independently attached to the I/O channel

Scaleable, but requires server to manage multiple volumes

Do not provide protection in case of drive failure

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

SAN Components

Servers with host busadaptersStorage systems

RAIDJBOD

Optical

Hubs and switches

Bridges and extendersSAN management software

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Storage Basics

Traditional host to storage communication usedParallel Transport like SCSI & ESCON.

High performance

Low protocol overhead

Static configuration

Short distances

Connectivity is limited to a single host

Channels

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Storage Basics

Use Serial Transport

More flexible

Provide greater distance capabilities

Provide shared connectivity between hostsystems

Networks

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

DAS - Direct attached storage

DAS, SAN , NAS

The most familiar form of storage.

This offers high performance. Runs on various versions of SCSI and SATA Access Devices like Hard disks, tape drives

& Robotic controls in a Tape library

Now expanding to USB based connections

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

SAN – What’s different

Contd..

Uses a network to create a shared pool of storagedevices.

Allows sharing data between different networkservers.

Provides a fast connection medium for data

backup, restoration, archiving and retrieval.

Network allows the devices to be connected over long distances.

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

SAN – Storage Area Networks

Contd…

SAN is a collection of computers and storage devices,connected over a high-speed optical network and dedicated tothe task of storing and protecting data.

SAN devices use optical fiber or bus based access topologiesfor very fast disks connected directly through special networksand special network cards.

The disks used are typically SCSI or Fiber Channel

disks. These solutions are required for critical response

solutions.

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

(Network Attached Storage) NAS

Attacheddirectly to

network

Dedicated,multi-protocol

File I/O File I/O

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

SAN and NAS

Good for simple,

scalable file sharing

Good for hosting

large databases

• Remote storage access

• Private net for storage

• Storage protocols

• Centralized management

• Remote file access

• Shares user net

• Network protocols

• Distributed management

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Summary

• SAN Benefits

• SANs fully exploit high-performance, high-connectivity

network technologies• SANs expand easily to keep pace with fast growing

storage needs

• SANs allow any server to access any data

• SANs help centralize management of storage resources• SANs reduce total cost of ownership

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

SAN CONNECTIVITY

LESSON 2

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Storage Basics

Increase in the number of servers and storage devices. Network like flexibility, channel-like reliability and performance. The SCSI driver is well implemented in all operating system.

SCSI commands are mapped to Fibre Channel constructs,then encapsulated and transported within Fibre Channel frames.This allows the SCSI protocol to be used over a Fibre Channelnetwork.

Fibre Channel - why and how?

bandwidth -- availability -- reliability -- integrity -- scalability

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Open, unstructured

Error-free secondary

Peer to peer

Data, voice, video

Software intensive

Closed, structured

High performance

Error-free

Large data transfer

Hardware intensive

Network Channel Traditional Connectivity

Processor

Memory

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Open, unstructured

Error-free secondary

Peer to peer

Data, voice, video

Software intensive

Closed, structured

High performance

Error-free

Large data transfer

Hardware intensive

Network Channel Traditional Connectivity

Processor

Memory

Fibre Channel

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Storage Basics

Initiator arbitrates for access before transmitting, thisensures channel-like access to target.

All SCSI commands and user data is sent over 2112byte Fibre Channel payload frames.

Low latency: Less than 2 micro second latency inputport to output port of FC

Fibre Channel features

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Storage Basics

Connectivity: Thousands of devices per fabric

(network) Performance: Current speeds: 1 and 2 Gbit/sec (100and 200 MBytes/sec), 4 Gbit/sec & 10 Gbit/sec(400MBytes/sec and 1 GBytes/sec) just released.

Long distance: Up to 10KM distance, even longer with extenders. Heterogeneous systems support - UNIX, Windowsetc.

Fibre Channel features

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

FC - ATM

FC Link

Encapsulation

FC - LE

ULP (Upper Level Protocol) SCSI-3

SCSI - 3 Command

Set Mapping FC - 4

IPI - 3 Command

Set Mapping

(IPI-3 STD)

FC - 3 Common Services

FC - 0

FC - 1

FC - 2 Fibre Channel Physical

& Signaling Interface( FC- PH, FC-PH2,

FC-PH3 ) Physical Variant

Encode / Decode

Framing ProtocolFC - AL

8B/10B Encoding

Copper, Optical

FC - AL -2

FC Protocol Architecture

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

• Class 1

Acknowledged Connection Service Dedicated path between ports

• Class 2

Acknowledged Connectionless Service

Independently switched frames

Non-dedicated path between ports• Class 3

Unacknowledged Connectionless Service

Same as Class 2 without acknowledgements

Invalid frames are discarded.

provides error correction/handling

FC Frame Classes

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

• Speed Xfer rate: 1.062 Gbit/sec

(2x, 4x also defined) Maximum User Payload: 2112 bytes Bit Error Rate: 1x10-12

• Distance Copper: 10’s m

Shortwave Laser (MMF): ~500 m (850 nm) Longwave Laser (SMF): ~10 km (1300 nm)

• Connections Point to Point: 2 Arbitrated Loop: 126 Switched Fabric: 16 Million (224)

Fibre Channel by the Numbers

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Channel

Channel AL

Parallel

Connections 16 Million 126 15

Distance 10km 10km 25m

Bandwidth 200 MB/secPer connection

200 MB/secShared Bandwidth

160 MB/secShared Bandwidth

Hot Plug Yes Yes No

MultipleProtocols

Yes Yes No

How Does FC Compare to SCSI?

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

LESSON 3

SAN COMPONENTS

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Storage Basics

Host Bus Adapter (HBA)

Fiber/Copper Cabling

Hub Fibre Channel or IP Switch

Multi-protocol Gateway or Router

Storage Array

Management System

SAN components

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Storage Basics

FC Connectors

SC (Seimens Connector)

LC (Lucent Connector)

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Storage Basics

Provides an Interface between the Servers or Workstations Internal Bus (e.g.PCI or SBUS) andFibre Channel network.

HBA software driver provides the storageinformation required by the Operating System.

Handles I/O and Control requests.

Copper/Optical media support.

May be dual port cards.

FC (HBAs) Host Bus Adapters

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

• PCI to FC Adapter 32/64-bit, 33/66-MHz, PCI 2.1 compliant Other buses - HSC, SBus 100 MB/sec FC performance

• Features

GBIC support SNMP and MIB compliance AL and Fabric login support (vendor-specific) Copper/optical media support (vendor-specific) Operating system support (vendor-specific)

Host Bus Adapters & Interfaces

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

• Multi-Port Fibre Channel Hub

6 -16 ports, copper or optical GBIC’s Network management software

Supports FC-AL

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Node Node Node Node Node

Fibre Channel Hub

• Features

Zoning

Integrated SNMP and MIB-compliant management

Configuration management tools and utilization monitoring

Automated port isolation and device failover

N+1 hot-swappable components for fault-tolerance

Fabric upgradeability/integration

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

• Multi-Port Fibre Channel Switch 8 -16 ports (or more)

Copper or optical GBIC’s Fast, non-blocking, dedicated bandwidth

Special services (time, name, etc.)

Fibre Channel Switch

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Switch

• Features Zoning

Integrated SNMP and MIB-compliant management

Configuration management tools with utilizationmonitoring

Automated port and device fail-over

N+1 hot-swappable components for fault-tolerance

Fibre Channel Switch

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

• Features

FC-attached to the SAN

High RPM, fibre drives

Support for multiple RAID levels

SNMP and MIB-compliant Multiple storage processors for load-balancing

N+1 hot-swappable components

GUI configuration management tools withutilization monitoring

Storage Systems

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Storage Basics

A device e.g.server or storage with a Fibre ChannelInterface is called a Node.

The Fibre Channel ports on that Device are calledPorts. Each Port has a Transmit Fibre and a Receive Fibre In other words SAN is a collection of ―nodes‖

attached to each other using a device called as a―switch‖. Nodes can be an Initiator (HBA) or a Target (Storage)

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

SAN Components

• Cables

• Interfaces/Adapters• Hubs

• Switches

• Storage Systems

Summary and Questions

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

LESSON 4

SAN TOPOLOGY

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

100MB >

< 100MB

Arbitrated Loop100MB

Point-to-Point

Switched Fabric

SAN Topologies

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

100 MB/sec

Point-to-Point Topology

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

• TX of each node is connected to the RX of the next nodeuntil a loop is formed

• Operational sequence:

Arbitrate for control of the loop

Open channel to target

Transfer data

Close• Maximum bandwidth - currently 100 MB/sec

Arbitrated Loop

Node 1 Node 2

RxNode 3

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Arbitrated Loop Topology

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Fabric

N-Port

F-PortF-Port N-Port

Node TX

• Maximum number of nodes = 16 million

• Maximum bandwidth = 200MB/sec x nodes

• Nodes (N-ports) log into the Fabric (F-ports)

Internal routing and addressing managed by fabric

End to end connection managed by the N-Ports

Switched Fabric

Switched Fabric Topology

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Switched Fabric Topology

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Lesson 5

ZONING

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Switch

Zone X Zone Y

Zoning arranges FC connected devices

into logical groups

Zoning

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Storage Basics

Zoning

Soft zoning: Zone by World Wide Name – Flexibility

– Reconfiguration

– Troubleshooting

Hard zoning: Zone by Domain/physical

switch port –More Secure

– Simplified HBA replacement

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Prepared By - Date – Page 52 Au 2005

Port Zoning - Hard Zoning

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Prepared By - Date – Page 53 Au 2005

WWN Zoning – Soft Zoning

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

• Operation

Zone members “see” only other members of the zone Zones are configured dynamically

Devices can be members of more than one zone

FC-AL zoning allows the creation of private loops on asingle hub

Switched fabric zoning can take place at the port or device level

• Benefits

Secured device access

Allows operating system co-existence

Zoning

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Lesson 6

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Data Block A

A2 A3 A4 A1

4 Data

A1 A2 A3 A4

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Data Block A

A2 A3 A4 A1

Mirrored Block A

A2 A3 A4 A1

1 Data +

A2 A3 A4 A1 A2 A3 A4 A1

1 Mirror 1 Data 1 Mirror

Data Block B

B2 B3 B4B1

Mirrored Block B

B2 B3 B4B1

B2 B3 B4B1 B2 B3 B4B1LDEV0 LDEV1

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

RAID0/1

2D + 2D Array Group

RAID 0/1 is a striped and mirrored copy within a

ACP pair

Mirror

• RAID 0/1

—Striped and mirrored

(aka. ―dual read‖ RAID 1)

—50% storage overhead

—Best for performancesensitiveapplications

—Better read & writeperformance

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

P(10-12) D11D10 D12

P(7-9) D7D9 D8

P(4-6)D6D5 D4

* Shows logical not physical view

3D + 1P Array Group *

P(1-3)D1 D2 D3

•RAID 5

—Stripes parity acrossdisks

—25% storage overhead

—More cost effective$/usable MB

—Excellent performance

R i SAN T d C t

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

NAS multi-protocol network filer

RAID redundant array of inexpensive disks

JBOD “just a bunch of disks”

Point-to-Point

Arbitrated Loop a shared-bandwidth SAN that uses

hubs to chain servers and storagenodes in a serial ring topology

Fibre Channel protocol and architecture for SANs

SAN network for servers and storage systems

Review: SAN Terms and Concepts

Re ie SAN Terms and Concepts

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Switched Fabric a dedicated-bandwidth SAN that uses switches to provide parallel paths that connect servers and storage nodes into

a “fabric”

Zoning

Segregation of ports on a switch or hub to produce separate SANs

Giga-Bit Interface Converter

Review: SAN Terms and ConceptsContinued

7/28/2019 (2) San Basics

Seat No:FA28Ext. no. 703065

Mobile no. 91 9958696627Short Id:rrawat3

(2) San Basics

Documents

Transcript of (2) San Basics

2 filesystem basics

San basics

Pv basics 2

Seo Basics 2

Cryptography: Basics (2)

Wed Thursday F riday Class Basics I ... - Wolfpack Boxing Club€¦ · Basics I Class Compe Prep SS Intro Session 2 CLOSED Intro Session Basics 2 Class Choice! Basics 2 Class Basics

Ajax Basics 2

Part 2: Basics

2. PLC Basics

Sql basics 2

Chapter 2-Basics

Ajax basics-2

Starting a Business Social Media/ Digital Marketing Basics · Starting a Business Thursday, Jan. 19, 2017 2 - 5pm San Lorenzo Library 395 Paseo Grande San Lorenzo Successful Business

Virtualization and SAN Basics for DBAs

C++Basics#)#2#C++Basics#)#2# Rahul#Deodhar# @rahuldeodhar# # rahuldeodhar@gmail.com#

Computer Basics 2

SAN Basics Tutorial

2. filtering basics

Www.facebook.com/prpass SAN Basics for DBAs Joey DAntoni SQL Saturday #106 San Juan, PR.

2 Tour Basics