Post on 07-Nov-2014
ENZIM SEBAGAI TARGET AKSI OBAT
ENZIM
Enzim merupakan suatu ___________ yang berfungsi sebagai __________ proses-proses kimia atau biokimia dalam tubuh
Contoh-contoh (1)
Inhibition of biochemical pathways unique to a pathogen (bacteria, virus or parasite) can reduce growth or kill the pathogen
Bacteria, but not humans, synthesize folic acidDihydropteroate synthetase is a required
enzyme in the bacterial synthesis of folic acidSulfa drugs (eg. sulfanilamide, 1935) inhibit
dihydropteroate synthetase and are bacteriostatic
5
Ex: Menghambat metabolisme sel mikroba (bakteriostatik)
Sulfonamid, trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol (kotrimoksazol), PAS, etambutol, sulfon (dapson)
Infeksi saluran kemih, saluran nafas & saluran cerna
Tetrahidrofolat penting untuk reaksi transfer 1 atom C pada pembentukan basa purin, asam amino metionin & glisin
6
Enzyme Inhibitors as Drugs (2) Example 1: Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) Reverse Transcriptase (RT) RT catalyzes the production of viral
DNA from the viral RNA template Both competetive and noncompetetive
inhibitors are known Both competetive and noncompetetive
inhibitors are used clinically
RT Structure
Enzim COX (3)
Neurotransmiter dan enzim (4) Contoh neurotransmiter : Asetilkolin
(Ach), Gaba, serotonin, epinefrin
(a) asetilkolin
(b) GABA
Chemical deficiencies can be corrected by inhibiting an enzyme that uses the chemical as a substrate
1. Seizures can be caused by insufficient γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
2. GABA is degraded by GABA-aminotransferase enzyme
3. GABA-aminotransferase inhibitors are anticonvulsant
ENZIM GABA-TRANSAMINASE
XO (5)Chemical excess can be corrected by
inhibiting an enzyme that produces the molecule
1. Gout results from excess uric acid2. Xanthine oxidase converts xanthine to
uric acid3. Inhibitors of xanthine oxidase reduce
levels of uric acid