12 Arranging the Elements

CH 12 THE PERIODIC TABLE

DISCOVERING A PATTERN

Dmitri Mendeleev discovered a __________ to the elements in _____.

First he wrote the ________________________ of the elements on cards.

Then he arranged his cards in order of increasing _______. A pattern appeared!

__________- happening at regular intervals, like days of the week.

ELEMENTS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES OCCURRED IN A

REPEATING PATTERN.

A deck of

cards can be

divided into

__________.

Each suit can

be ordered

from ace to

king.

DISCOVERING A PATTERN

Mendeleev predicted that elements yet to be found would _______________in his table.

He was right! Missing element ____ into his gap.

CHANGING THE ARRANGEMENT

Some elements did not fit in the table by increasing atomic mass – so Mendeleev _________________.

1914 Henry Moseley determined the number of _________in an element. When the periodic table was arranged by increasing _______________, all elements fit the table.

____________-Repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the elements’ atomic numbers.

THE PERIODIC TABLE AND CLASSES OF

ELEMENTS

Metals – found to the _____ of the zigzag line

Few __________ in the outer energy level

All ________ at room temp. except Mercury (Hg)

_________

_________

_________

______ conductors

METALS

THE PERIODIC TABLE AND CLASSES OF

ELEMENTS

Nonmetals - found to the _____ of the zigzag line

almost a complete outer energy level (Group 18 is complete)

more than half are _______ at room temp.

not ____________

not __________

not _______

not good conductors (good ________________)

THE PERIODIC TABLE AND CLASSES OF

ELEMENTS

Metalloids – found _____ the zigzag

outer energy level is ____ full

have some properties of _______

have some properties of ___________

sometimes called ______________________

DECODING THE PERIODIC TABLE

Each square on the periodic table includes:

______________

______________

______________

_____________

DECODING THE PERIODIC TABLE

Period- Each ____________ row of elements

Group- Each _______________of elements.

Elements in the same group have ___________ properties.

5.2 GROUPING THE ELEMENTS

Group 1 – _______________

Elements in group 1 of the periodic table

One __________________(electron in the highest occupied energy level)

___________because they can easily give away the 1 electron

Often stored in _____ because they react violently with water and oxygen

_____, ______ color, shiny and low density

GROUP 1 - ALKALI METALS

GROUP 2 – ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Group 2 – ________________________

Elements in group 2 of the periodic table

____ valence electrons

______ less reactive than alkali metals because it’s harder to give away 2 electrons

_____ color, higher density

GROUP 2 – ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Chlorophyll contains Mg; oyster shell, pearl, and cast contain calcium

GROUP 3-12 – TRANSITION METALS

Group 3-12 – _______________

Do not give away __________ as easily as group 1 or 2

_________valence electrons

_____, ____________, higher densities and melting points (except Hg)

Some transition metals from periods _______appear below the table to save space. Elements in each row tend to have similar properties

Lanthanides-

Actinides- ___________ , or __________. Elements listed after plutonium do not occur naturally.

GROUP 13 BORON GROUP

Group 13 ____________

___ metals, ___ metalloid

___ valence electrons

______ at room temp.

____ is most abundant metal in Earth’s crust

reactive

GROUP 13 BORON GROUP

Flasks made

from glass

contain ______.

This type of

glass does not

______ as

easily as glass

without boron.

GROUP 14 CARBON GROUP

Group 14 - ___________________

___ valence electrons

_________ at room temp.

_______ is needed in body for carbs, fats, and protein.

GROUP 14 CARBON GROUP

Clay used to

make this

pottery

contains

___________.

GROUP 15 NITROGEN GROUP

Group 15 __________________

___ electrons in outer energy level

most are solids at room temp. except ___

__ is 80% of the air we breathe, fertilizer

GROUP 15 NITROGEN GROUP

Fertilizers

contain

________ and

___________.

GROUP 16 OXYGEN GROUP

Group 16 _________________

___ valence electrons

______________

__ is 20% air and needed for substances to _____

GROUP 16 OXYGEN GROUP

______ is

often found

in nature in

its elemental

form. (Smells

like rotten

eggs.)

GROUP 17 HALOGENS

Group 17 _____________

__ valence electrons

very ___________

_______________

poor conductors

GROUP 17 HALOGENS

Iron in steel

wool reacts

violently

with

__________.

GROUP 18 NOBLE GASES

Group 18 _____________

All _____________

___ valence electrons

________________

___________, __________ gases at room temp.

GROUP 18 NOBLE GASES

Electric current

passed through

noble gases

produces

colors:

He = ____

Ne = ______

Ar = _________

Kr = _______

Xe = ______

HYDROGEN

Hydrogen

____ valence electron

_______,colorless, __________,

__________ reactions w/ oxygen