Post on 29-Dec-2015
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 5-5, Copyright by The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.
Use the map on the previous page and answer the following questions
3. Which part of the empire was Gaul a part of?
4. Which part of the empire was Greece a part of?
5. What is the name of the area that Greece is located in?
6. What was the capital of the Eastern Empire?
7. Use the map on the next page. What name does this city become in the Middle Ages?
8. See slide 14 to find out what is the city’s name today.
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 5-5, Copyright by The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.
Use the map on the previous page and answer the following questions
9. What tribes are attacking Rome?
10. What tribes are attacking the Eastern half?
11. Which half of the Roman Empire is being attacked the most?
12. What will these attacks lead to?
By 395 AD, Diocletian had divided the Roman Empire Byzantium = eastern empire Rome = western empire
476, Germanic forces from the north conquered the Western Roman Empire
Byzantium survived for almost another 1000 years and carried on the Greco-Roman tradition.
Middle Ages = European history between the fall of the Roman Empire (476) and the Modern Era (1450)
Also called the Medieval Period (“Medium” is Latin for Middle; “aevum” is Latin for age)
Early Middle Ages = 500 – 1000 C.E.
High Middle Ages = 1000 – 1300 C.E.
Late Middle Ages = 1300 – 1500 C.E.
13. When were the Middle Ages?
14. Define Middle Ages.
15. The Medieval Period is divided into what 3 parts?
• Instability after Rome’s fall
• Lawlessness, corruption, political assassinations, & starvation
• No national government; local regional lords held the power
• Lords controlled estates through feudalism
• Constant fear of plunderers and robbers
• High inflation and low trade
500-1000 C.E.
Eastern ½ of the Roman Empire = Byzantium
Becomes the Byzantine Empire after Rome falls
Survives almost 1,000 years after Rome’s collapse
At 1st, the Byzantines controlled only a small area around the eastern Mediterranean
Justinian (527-565), expanded & recovered much of the territory of the old Roman empire
Constantinople was the capital of Byzantium for almost 1,000 years
Largest city in Medieval Europe
Major center of commerce
Constantinople is Istanbul today
Glencoe Chapter Transparency 9, Copyright by The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.
The Golden Horn = inlet off of the Bosporus that forms a natural harbor
19. Which 2 larger bodies of water are connected by the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles?
20. Why is Constantinople in an ideal location for protection from attack?
21. Which rivers provided trading routes to inland areas of Europe and Asia?
Use the map on slide 16 to answer the following questions on a sheet of notebook paper.
Justinian = ruled as an autocrat
Autocrat – ruler who has complete authority
Justinian & Theodora created a huge Christian empire
The empire reached its greatest size under their rule
Queen Theodora
This map depicts the Empire at the death of Justinian I, who had reigned from 527 to 565 as sole Emperor, sometimes in concert, and sometimes in conflict, with his powerful wife Theodora.
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 9-4, Copyright by the McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.Number the questions below 22-24 and answer them in your notes
= “The New Rome” Wealthy
Produced: gold, silk, grain, olives and wine
Traded for spices, ivory and precious stones
Traders used the Silk Road and other trade routes
Traders traveled as far as China and India
22. What products did the Byzantines trade?
23. Where did the Silk Road begin in the east?
24. Name 3 deserts the Silk Road goes around.
25. What sea’s eastern shore does the Silk Road end on?
• Most buildings were built by architects
• Justinian selected 2 Greek mathematicians
• Results = combines Greek balance & proportion with Roman engineering skills
• Great central dome is supported by 4 corners
The walls and ceiling are lined with golden mosaics and windows Mosaics are pictures made of tiny pieces of cut glass and stone
26. What is Justinian holding?
27. What is Constantine holding?
28. What are the dome and walls lined with?
29. How does this affect the lighting in the building?
Rebuilt the Hippodrome
Used for gladiator fights and chariot races
Justinian I organized the first written compilation of Roman law
Called The Justinian Code
Influenced the development of the civil law system in many countries
Laws were fairer to women. They could own property and raise their own children after their husbands died.
Children were allowed to choose their own marriage partners.
Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their masters.
Punishments were detailed and fit the crime
Inspired the modern concept of “justice.”
Roman Law
Europe
Christianity
Missionaries
Eastern Europe
Christian Art
EuropeArchitectur
eMiddle EastConques
tsEastWest
Constantinople
Trade
Asia Africa
Europe
Classical and Christian Learning
Byzantine Empire
Europe
In the 7th Century. Muslims, conquered Palestinewhere Jesus Christ had lived and preachedMuslims were tolerantlet Christians/Jews and keep their faithsChristian pilgrims visited the Christian 'Holy Land‘ & shrines freely
In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks conquered JerusalemPersecuted Christian pilgrims1071, defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert; Threatened
Byzantine Empire; Emperor Alexius asked the Pope for help Pope Urban II called for a “Holy War” or “Crusade” against the Muslim
“infidels” (unbelievers) and occupiers of the Holy Lands1000s responded and pinned crosses on their tunics
The Crusade
s
The Crusades continuedBetween 1096-1212, there were 7 crusades
1000s responded and pinned crosses on their tunics & marched to fight/die for God
1st Crusade: (1096-1099) French, German, and Italian armies captured
Jerusalem Sacked the city, slaughtered many Muslims & Jews;
stole/ransacked goods Many Crusaders went home--left surrounding
territories vulnerable Muslim leader, Saladin captured Edessa
2nd Crusade: (1147-1149) 2nd Crusade failed to win Edessa backAdditionally, Saladin re-captured Jerusalem in 1187
for the Muslims
3rd Crusade: (1189-1192) Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany drowned in a local river English King Richard & French King Philip II of France arrived by sea
captured the coastal cities unable to move inland & capture Jerusalem Saladin was impressed with King Richard’s fighting on the coast King Richard earned the nickname the “Lionhearted” here Saladin agreed to allow Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem
The Crusades continued
Saladin (1138-1193)
Muslim leader
Established the Ayyubid Dynasty
Very devout
Legendary chivalry
Defeated Europeans in the 2nd & 3rd Crusades
Spared Jerusalem
Made Cairo a vibrant medieval city
The Crusades continued
3rd Crusade (1202-1204) Venetian leaders used the opportunity to weaken their largest
economic competitor Diverted Crusaders to Constantinople; sacked the city and ruled it
until 1261 Byzantine army recaptured Constantinople in 1261 Byzantine Empire never regained their great power Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1453
3rd Crusade = 1204 Venetian merchants encouraged the Crusaders Jealous of Constantinople’s economic competition 1261, Byzantines regained control of the city Byzantine empire never regained its former glory “Limped along” until conquered by the Ottomans in 1453
Italian port cities prospered economically
Opened Europeans to a variety of goods and products: silks, spices, coffee, tea, science, and knowledge
Access to the compass/astrolabe provided Europeans with the means to travel away from the coastline and to seek new goods
Access to information about gun powder will enhance their more aggression and lead to imperialistic tendencies in Asia, Africa, and the Americas
3rd Crusade sacked Constantinople;
weakened the Byzantine Empire
Led to Anti-Semitism in Europe
Broke down feudalism;
Paved the way for the development of European nation-states
Lasting impact: bred centuries of distrust & enmity between Muslims &Christians
Collapse of the Byzantine Empire
1453 – the Muslim Ottoman Empire surrounded and conquered Constantinople
Constantinople was renamed Istanbul
Istanbul = the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
Mehmet II
Constantine XI
35. What were the Crusades?
36. What caused the Crusades?
37. What were the results of the Crusades?
38. What was the result of the 3rd Crusade?
39. Who was Saladin?
40. Who conquered Constantinople?
41. When did Constantinople fall?
Economic Influences Religious InfluencesP
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