Post on 05-Feb-2018
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Tertiary and advancedwastewater treatment
Joko Wintoko
Jurusan Teknik Kimia FT UGM
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Need for advanced WWTThe need to remove organic matters & TSS
beyond secondary treatment
The need to remove nutrients N & !"The need to remove s#eci$c inorganic e%g%
heavy metas" and s#eci$c organic
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Technology used for advanced treatment
Residual constituents Depthfiltration
Surfacefiltration
Micro & ultrafiltration
Inorganic andorganic colloidal& suspendedsolid
SS Colloidal solids
Organic mater(particulate)
Dissolvedorganic matter
Total org. carbon
Refractory organics
olatile org. compounds
Dissolvedinorganic matter
!mmonia
"itrate
#$osp$orous
TDS
%iological %acteria
#rotooa
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Residual constituents Reverseosmosis
Electro-dyalisis
Adsorp-tion
Airstripping
Ion ex-change
Inorganic and
organiccolloidal & SS
SS
CS
O'
Dissolvedorganic matter
TOC
RO
OC
Dissolvedinorganicmatter
"
"O*
# TDS
%iological %acteria
#rotooa
iruses
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Residual constituents Advancedoxidationprocess
Disti-lation
Chemicalprecipi-tation
Chemicaloxidation
Inorganic and
organiccolloidal & SS
SS
CS
O'
Dissolvedorganic matter
TOC
RO OC
Dissolvedinorganicmatter
"
"O*
#
TDS
%iological %acteria
#rotooa
iruses
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Filtration
Sus#ended materiato be $tered
Granuar $termedium
Su##ort formembrane
Fiter membranee%g% coth' (ire screenor synthetic membran
SU)F*+, F-.T)*T-/N0,!T1 F-.T)*T-/N
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Fitration
htt#233(((%nature%com3nature34ourna3v5673n895:3$g;tab3567;F7%htm
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iltration
Depth
filtration
Surface
filtration
Mem!rane
filtration
Slo" sand
filtration
Rapid
filtration
Intermittent
filtration
Recirculating
filtration
#a!$ filter Microfiltration
%ltrafiltration
anofiltration
Reverse
osmosis
Diatomaceous
earth filtration
Cloth'Screen
filtration
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iltration rate ()*M'ft+, $./-$./
*ros Relia!le$ Minimum operation andmaintenance re0uirements$ %suallydoes not re0uire chemicalpretreatment$
Cons #arge land area re0uired$ eed to
manually clean filters$
ilter Media Sand$
)ravity or *ressure1 )ravity$
iltration Mechanism 2iological action3 straining3 and
adsorption$
Cleaning Method Manually removing the top + inches ofsand$
Common Applications Small ground"ater systems$
So( Sand Fiter
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iltration rate ()*M'ft+, +-4
*ros Relatively small and compact$
Cons Re0uires chemical pretreatment$ Doesn5tremove pathogens as "ell as slo"sand filters$
ilter Media Sand$ 6r sand and anthracite coal$ 6rsand and anthracite coal and garnet$
)ravity or *ressure1 )ravity$
iltration Mechanism *rimarily adsorption$ Also some straining$
Cleaning Method 2ac7"ashing$
Common Applications Most commonly used type of filter forsurface "ater treatment$
)a#id Sand Fiter
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)a#id Sand Fitration
htt#233(ater%me%vccs%edu3conce#ts3$ters%htm
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$tration
0, $ter #rocess starts by dra(ing (ater through a retainingscreen $g 6"% 0, is added to the (ater and is recyced as itforms an even coating on the retaining screen $g 7"% /ncecoated' the $tering #rocess begins $g Fiters%htm
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0iatomaceous ,arth 0,"
Fitration
#233(((%o#tek%com3*##ication;Note3Fruit;Juices3,ngish3630iatomaceous;,arth;0,";Fitration;+ontro;&;Monitoring%a
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+oth3Screen $tration
AUTOMATIC BACKFLU!I"# FILT$%
www&clearse'&com('roducts&htm
TU%BO $)#$ FILT$%
M b Fit ti
http://www.clearsep.com/products.htmhttp://www.clearsep.com/products.htm7/21/2019 05 Tertiary and Advanced WWT
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Membrane Fitration!rocess
htt#233(((%enntech%com3membrane?technoogy%htm
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!rocess
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Micro$tration
Memcor CMF* su+merged continuous micro,ltration cellsare integral to the system& The rac-s hold the mem+rane
+undles in direct contact with the feedwater&htt#233(((%(ater?technoogy%net3#ro4ects3k(inana3k(inana
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Utra$tration
Figure b2 Utra$trationmodues arrayed in #araeon a manifod% !hoto+ourtesy of +irentSemiconductor
Figure a2 +ross section of theutra$tration modue sho(ingCo( direction%
tt#233(((%micromagaDine%com3archive3EE3>
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Nano$tration
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)everse osmosis
htt#233(((%auatechnoogy%net3aro#i@6%4#g
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htt#233(((%machineryandeui#ment%com3featured3used;(ater;treatment;eui#ment%
Used (ater treatmenteui#ment ? used reverse
osmosis $ter
)everseosmosis
gram of a %everse Osmosis Mem+rane
#233(((%es#(ater#roducts%com3about;reverse;osmosis%htm
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,ectrodiaysis
Figure 6% .eft side demonstrates a standard eectroysis#rocess% )ight side demonstrates the same #rocess (henion?seective membranes are inserted%+,M cation?e@change membrane% *,M anion?e@changemembrane%
www&.urag&d-(electrodialysis&html
http://www.jurag.dk/electrodialysis.htmlhttp://www.jurag.dk/electrodialysis.html7/21/2019 05 Tertiary and Advanced WWT
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,ectrodiaysis
Figure 7% !rinci#e of sim#e eectrodiaysis #rocess% 0iagramsho(s the membrane con$guration (ith aternating cation?seective 6"and anion?seective 7" membranes bet(eent(o eectrodes
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,ectrodiaysis
,ectrodiaysis unit for desating and concentration%
www&ele-trolyse&nl($le-trodialyseeng&html
http://www.elektrolyse.nl/Elektrodialyseeng.htmlhttp://www.elektrolyse.nl/Elektrodialyseeng.html7/21/2019 05 Tertiary and Advanced WWT
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*dsor#tion*dsor#tion is the seective coection and
concentration onto soid surfaces of #articuarty#es of moecues contained in a iuid or agas%
Kom#onen dasar adsor#si2*dsorbent2 bahan #en4era#
*dsorbate2 bahan yang di4era#2 ois'surfactants' #henos' chorides' #igments'organic sovents' HTI' etc%
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*dsorber
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!roses *dsor#si
Huk iuid
Stagnant.iuid $m
*dsorbentstructure
Huk soutiontrans#ort
Fim diusiontrans#ort
!ore trans#ort2
-!ore diusion-Surface diusion
*dsor#tion
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*dsorbentJenis adsorbent2
*ctivated carbon banyak di#akai utk#engoahan imbah krn murah
Synthetic #oymer
Siica?based adsorbent Deoite"
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Jenis karbon aktif#ranular Activated Car+on /#AC0? irreguar sha#ed#artices (ith siDes ranging from >%7 to : mm% This ty#eis used in both iuid and gas #hase a##ications% =>>?6> m73g"
1owder Activated Car+on /1AC0? #uveriDed carbon(ith a siDe #redominanty ess than >%69mm US Mesh9>"% These are mainy used in iuid #hase a##icationsand for Cue gas treatment%
1elleted Activated Car+on? e@truded and cyindricasha#ed (ith diameters from >%9 to : mm% These aremainy used for gas #hase a##ications because of theiro( #ressure dro#' high mechanica strength and o(dust content% 9>>?69>> m73g"
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FLO2 )IA#%AM FO% ACTI3AT$) CA%BO"1%O)UCTIO"
tt#233home%att%net3africantech3Gh-,3*ct+arbon;image>>7%gif
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+arbon regeneration and
reactivation%ea-tivasi2 #ada dasarnya sama denga #roses
aktivasi dari bahan baku karbon aktif%
!roses yang di#akai26% Karbon di#anaskan untuk mengusir bahan organik
teradsor#si
7% !ada #roses di atas senya(a baru bisa terbentukdi #ermukaan karbon
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+arbon regeneration and
reactivation%egenerasi2 #roses untuk memuihkan
kembai ka#asitas adsor#si dari karbonaktif yang teah ter#akai%
!roses yang di#akai2Hahan kimia untuk mengoksidasi bahan
teradsor#si
Kukus steam" utk mengusir bahan teradsor#si!earut utk mearutkan bahan teradsor#si
!roses konversi bioogis
5?6>B ka#asitas adsor#si hiang dm
regenerasi
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Gas Stri##ingStri##ing2 transfer massa dari fase cair ke
fase gas
Gas terarut daam air imbah yang bisadihiangkan dengan stri##ing2*mmonia N1
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Gas Stri##ing
htt#233en%(iki#edia%org3(iki3-mage2*ir;Stri##er;for;Wiki#edia%
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-on ,@change-on e@change is a reversibe chemica reaction
(herein an ion from soution is e@changed fora simiary charged ion attached to an
immobie soid #artice%*#ikasi2
!enghiangan kesadahan air
0aam #engoahan imbah2 #enghiangannitrogen' ogam berat dan T0S%
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Ion $4change
htt#233(((%a?science?fair?
#ro4ects%com3science;fair;#ro4ects3>ddb:e=
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IO" $5C!A"#$
htt#233(((%remco%com3i@%ht
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!engoahan dengan reaksi
kimia6% )eaction to #roduce an insoube soid%
7% )eaction to #roduce an insoube gas%
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)eaction to #roduce an
insoube soidTerutama untuk #enghiangan ogam?ogam
berat yang terarut
Kearutan garam ogam dm air terbatas ion?ion ogam direaksikan untuk membentukgaram?garam yang bisa dienda#kan2hidroksida' su$da' karbonat d
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!reci#itation of heavymetas as
hydro@ides% From.anouette'6E==%"
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Schematic of suggested mode for design of faciity forremova by forming an insoube substance%
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+hemicaSubstances+ommony Used for
-ndustriaWaste(ater
Treatment by)emova of Target
!outants as a!reci#itate
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)eaction to #roduce an
insoube gasHahan kimia yang bisa ditambahkan untukmembentuk gas tidak terarut
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Alkaline Chlorination ofCyanide