Post on 04-Apr-2018
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One Process is modeled at
a time.
Data storage is optimized forreporting by a Star Schema.
Characteristics are structured
together in related branchescalled Dimensions .
The key figures form theFacts.
Dimension 2
Facts
Dimension 1 Dimension 3
Dimension 4Dimension n
SAP BW Data Model
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From Data Model to Database
Star Schema
(Logical)
InfoCube(Physical)
Customer Dimension
ProductDime
nsion
ProductDimension
Quantities
RevenuesCostsTaxes
CustomerDimension
SalesDimension
CompetitionDimension
TimeDimension
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C customer-no territory chain office head office
C P T quantity sold revenue discount sales overhead stock value
T period fiscal year
P product-no product group brand category
product-no language product description
Time dimension
Product dimension
Customer dimension
Product master data: Text
Fact table
Territory 1 Territory 2 Territory 3
District 1
Territory 4
District 2
Zone 1
Territory 5 Territory 6
District 3
Zone 2
Territory 7
District 4
Territory 8 Territory 9
District 5
Zone 3
Sales hierarchy
Sales InfoCube
Customer-no Name Location Industry key
Customer master data: Attributes Sales hierarchy
Master Data and Info Cubes
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Star Schema in BW 2.0
(1) Fact Table
(2) Dimension(3) time-independent-SID
time-dependent-SIDtraditional SID Char
(4) SID Attr
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Architectural Changes: Navigational Attributes
As of BW release 2.0A there are also SID Tables fornavigational attributes.
time-dependent (/BI0/XCUSTOMER)
time-independent (/BI0/YCOSTCENTER)
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Degenerate Dimensions*
*Ralph Kimball
Customer Material Sales Person
Sales
Transaction
Degenerate dimensions arise in nearly every case where
the grain of the fact table represents an actual workingdocument like order number or invoice number.
In a degenerate dimension with order number asmember all descriptive attributes are located in otherdimensions.
Characteristics like order number group the data. Thisallows us to make analysis of materials ordered on oneorder.
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(1) Fact Table
(2) Dimension(3) time-independent-SID
time-dependent-SIDtraditional SID Char
(4) SID Attr
Degenerate Dimensions 2.0
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Where to set Line Item in InfoCube
Infocube LSSTARLI - the difference to LSSTAR
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Master Data Tables
ls star time dep yesls star time dep yes
lsnamat
lsnacus
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Master Data Tables
ls star time dep yes
ls star time dep yes
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Master Data Tables - Hierarchy Tables
ls star time dep yes
ls star time dep yes
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An InfoCube's Star Schema
(1) Fact Table
(2) Dimensions
(3) Characteristics
month
year
day
city region country
product productgroup
sales person
division
distribution channel
sales organizationTimeDimen
sion
Product Dimension
Region Dimension
Sales
OrgDimensio
n
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Aggregates ...
... are like InfoCubes,
... summarize ("aggregate") data of the originating InfoCube,
... contain redundant information, but
... accelerate the access to that information,
... are for InfoCubes what DB indexes are for DB tables,
... are performance-enhancing features.
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Navigational attributes oftime-dependent master
data
Hierarchy levels where thestructure is time-dependent
non-BasicCubes
Aggregatescan be created on
Aggregatescannot be created on
Dimension characteristics
Navigational attributes
Hierarchy levels
Aggregates - Facts in BW
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Aggregates - Example
Country Customer Sales
USAGermanyUSAAustria
AustriaGermanyUSA
Buggy Soft Inc.Ocean NetworksFunny Duds Inc.Ocean Networks
Thor IndustriesFunny Duds Inc.Buggy Soft Inc.
1015510
102025
Fact Table: Sales Data Aggregate Tables: Sales Data
Country *Customer Space
Country Sales
403520
USA
GermanyAustria
Data for queries like sales for all countries, sales in
Germany, or overall sales can be read out of theaggregate (country *).
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Aggregates - Example using filters
Country Customer Sales
USAGermanyUSAAustria
AustriaGermanyUSA
Buggy Soft Inc.Ocean NetworksFunny Duds Inc.Ocean Networks
Thor IndustriesFunny Duds Inc.Buggy Soft Inc.
1015510
102025
Fact Table: Sales Data Aggregate Tables: Sales Data
Country F, GermanyCustomer *
Country Sales
15
20
Germany
Germany
Customer
Ocean Networks
Funny Duds Inc.
Data for queries like sales for all customers in Germany'can be read out of the aggregate (country F, Germany;customer *)
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Aggregates - Example using master data
Country Customer Sales
USA
GermanyUSAAustriaAustriaGermanyUSA
Buggy Soft Inc.
Ocean NetworksFunny Duds Inc.Ocean NetworksThor IndustriesFunny Duds Inc.Buggy Soft Inc.
10
15510102025
Fact Table: Sales Data Aggregate Tables: Sales Data
Country SpaceIndustry *
Industry Sales
602510
TechnologyConsumer ProductsChemical
TechnologyConsumer ProductsTechnologyChemical
IndustryCustomer
Buggy Soft Inc.Funny Duds Inc.Ocean NetworksThor Industries
Master Data Table: Customer
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Aggregates - Example using hierarchies
Country Customer Sales
USAGermanyUSAAustria
AustriaGermanyUSA
Buggy Soft Inc.Ocean NetworksFunny Duds Inc.Ocean Networks
Thor IndustriesFunny Duds Inc.Buggy Soft Inc.
1015510
102025
Fact Table: Sales Data Aggregate Tables: Sales Data
Country H, Level 2Customer Space
Country Sales
4055
America
Europe
All
Europe America
Germany Austria USA
Hierarchy for Country
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Aggregates - Maintenance of
Switch
on/off
Show
aggregate
hierarchy
BDS
Transpor
t
Activate &
Fill
unsavedchanges