Tourism concepts

Dr. Nimit ChowdharyProfessor

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

Introduction to tourism

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 2

The tourism society…

Tourism is deemed to include any activity concerned with temporary short term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work, and their activities during the stay at these destinations.

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 3

Visitor demand

International visitors

Who are residents of countries other than that being visited and travel for tourism purposes. Inbound tourism

International visitors

Who are residents of a country visiting other countries and travel for tourism purposes. Outbound tourism

Residents Visiting destinations within their own country’s boundaries who travel for tourism purposes. Domestic tourism

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 4

Visitor- the Consumer

Visitor

ExcursionistsTourist

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 5

Tourist

Business Congress Convention Family Friends

Health Holiday Leisure Meeting Mission

A visitor staying more than 24 hours in a country and making an overnight stay for any of the following reasons:

Recreation Religion Sport Study Vacation

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 6

Excursionists

Are classed as temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours, including cruise travelers but excluding travelers in transit.

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 7

Tourism!

Experimental Ephemeral Experiential Edutainment

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 8

Tourism- a process

A combination of tangible and intangible tourism products

Scope of these products Attraction Access Amenities

Organized as a seamless supply chain

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 9

Tourism- a supply chain

Providers need to be effective with tourism products along tourism supply chain Efficient with products Creativity in combining products and delivery Technology leverage

Supply Chain Suppliers Tourism Products

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 10

Tourism- a supply chain

Tourism Suppliersis a business such as attraction, hotel or other type of accommodation, restaurant, transportation company, tour wholesaler, travel agency etc.

Tourism Products Tangibles- furnishings in a hotel, food served

in a restaurant, etc, Intangibles- atmosphere at a resort, service

provided by an airlines

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 11

Working definition of travel and tourism

Tourism comprises the activities of traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.

WTO, 1992- subsequently ratified by the UN Statistical Commission

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 12

Understanding this definition

1. Visitor activity is concerned only with aspects of life outside normal routines of work and social commitments, and outside the location of those routines.

2. The activity necessitates travel and, in nearly every case, some form of transport to the destination.

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 13

Understanding this definition

3. Specific destinations are the focus for a range of activities and a range of facilities required to support those activities.

4. Such activities and facilities have a combination of economic, social and physical environmental effects that are the basis for tourism policy and visitor management programmes.

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 14

5 characteristics of this definition

1. There is nothing that restricts the total market to overnight stays; it includes same day visits.

2. There is nothing in it that restricts the total market to travel for leisure or pleasure. It includes travel for business, social, religious, educational, sports, and most other purposes.

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 15

5 characteristics of this definition

3. All tourism includes an element of travel but all travel is not tourism. The definition excludes all routine commuter travel and purely local travel such as to neighbourhood shops, schools or hospitals, etc.

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 16

5 characteristics of this definition

4. Travel and tourism absorbs large elements of individual leisure time and encompasses many recreational activities, but it is not synonymous with either because bulk of all leisure and recreation takes place in or around home.

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 17

5 characteristics of this definition

5. All travel and tourism trips are temporary movements; the bulk of the total market comprises trips of no more than a few hours’ or nights’ duration.

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 18

How tourism industry works

Influences on demand

Tourism impacts

DEMANDDomestic and international

tourists

SUPPLYTourist

destinations and facilities

TRAVEL

Tourism intermediaries

Regulatory framework

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 19

Systematic link between demand and supply

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 20

International tourism industry structure

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 21

Understanding tourism industry

Demand generators Suppliers

Attraction Amenities Accommodation Access (transport) Activity (Events)

Intermediaries Tour operators Travel agents

Other players International agencies Public sector Trade associations Multinational

corporations

Scope of this

course I-101

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

April 10, 2023 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 22

Accommodation sectorHotels/ motelsGuest houses/ B & BFarm housesApartments/ flats/ villas/ cottagesCondominiums/ time share resortsVacation villages/ holiday centresConference/ exhibition centresStatic and touring caravans/ camping sitesMarinas

Attraction sectorTheme parksMuseums and galleriesNational parksWildlife parksGardensHeritage sites and centresSports/ activity centresThemed retail/ leisure/ entertainment centresFestivals and events

Travel organizer's sectorTour operatorsTour wholesalers/ brokersRetail travel agentsConference organizersBooking agencies (e.g. accommodation)Incentive travel organizers

Destination organization sectorNational tourist offices (NTOs)Destination marketing organizations (DMOs)Regional/ state tourist officesLocal tourist officesTourist associations

Transport sectorAirlinesShipping lines/ ferriesRailwaysBus/ coach operatorsCar rental operators

Main sectors of the travel and

tourism industry