Types of JointsTypes of Bones

L0ng Bones

Support weight

Serve as levers

Ex: femur, tibia, humerus

Short Bones

Cube shaped

Little motion

Ex: carpals, tarsals

Irregular Bones

Peculiar shape

Unique function

Pelvis, scapula, ossicles of ears

Flat Bones

Thinner bones that protect major organs

Ex: skull, sternum

Sesamoid Bones

Round/triangular in shape

Form within tendons to change angle of pull

Ex: patella

Ball and Socket Joint

Ball-like surface of one bone fits into a cup-like depression of neighboring bone.

Ex: hip and shoulder

Gliding Joint

One bone moves side to side over another bone

Ex: sternoclavicular joint, carpal joints

Hinge Joint

Convex surface of one bone articulates with a concave surface of another bone

Ex: knee, elbow

Pivot Joint

A round surface that connects to a ring formed by a bone or ligament

Ex: 1st cervical vertebrae with cranium

Cervical Pivot Joint

Terms – Structure of Joints

Tendon – connects muscle to bone

Ligament – connects bone to bone

Cartilage – tissue that provides cushioning to a joint

Joint – articulation of two or more bones

Synovial fluid – liquid that lubricates a joint

Ossification – process of building bone tissue

Osteoblasts – cells that build new bone tissue

Osteoclasts – cell that “clean-up” old bone tissue

Epiphyseal plate – known as the growth plate; area where new bone growth occurs

Periosteum – membrane covering of the bone

Marrow – substance within long bones that produces blood cells