Post on 18-Jan-2016
Manifest Destiny
“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”
William Henry Harrison Whig Party hoped to
influence Harrison as President Daniel Webster & Henry Clay
Delivers longest inaugural address in Presidential history
Contracts pneumonia
Serves 4 weeks as president and dies in office
Probably should have worn a
coat…
“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”
John Tyler Whig Democrat in disguise Whit Party
Pro Bank Pro Protective Tariff Pro Internal
Improvement Tyler…
Against all three…oops
The Aroostook War
Land claimed by Americans and British north of Maine lead to small scale fighting in the early 1840s
Daniel Webster negotiates the Webster-Ashburton Treaty adding almost 7,000 square miles of territory
Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
Spain ceded Florida and claims to Oregon to the US In return, US abandoned claims to Texas
Americans continue to settle in Texas Mexico granted a huge tract of land to Stephen Austin
Agreed to bring 300 American families Must be Roman Catholic
Texans ignored these stipulations and continued to settle the territory 30,000 by 1835 Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie, Sam Houston, ect.
Texas
Tensions rise over slavery, immigration and local rights
Mexico prohibited slavery as well as further colonization by 1830
Tensions rose in 1835 when Santa Anna took away all local rights for settlers and began raising an army to remove the Texans
Texans declare independence in 1836 Sam Houston named commander in Chief
Rising Tension in Texas
1. Should the United States give Maine to Canada? Why or Why Not
2. Does Canada have the right to take Maine? Why or Why Not?
The Alamo The first battle
between the Texans and Mexicans took place at on old mission that was used as a fort.
It was called the Alamo.
The Fight for the Alamo
The Mexican Army outnumbered the Texans 1,800 to 183
The Texans held the Alamo for twelve days.
On the thirteenth day, Santa Anna ordered his men to storm the fortress.
When it was over, all but five Texans were dead. The men not killed in the battle were executed by Santa Anna.
Texans were shocked by the slaughter at the Alamo and vowed to fight for their freedom.
“Remember The Alamo!”
Santa Anna had over 300 more Texans executed at Golidad.
General Sam Houston gathered over 800 troops and met Santa Anna at San Jacinto
It was over in 18 minutes. More than half the Mexican army was killed. (It was siesta time)
Santa Anna was forced to sign a treaty giving Texas its freedom. With the Battle of San Jacinto, Texas became an independent country.
Lone Star Republic
In 1836, Texas declared itself The Lone Star Republic.
Sam Houston was elected president.
Some Americans wanted Texas to be part of the U.S.
Some people were afraid of Texas becoming a slave state, others of war with Mexico.
Both would eventually happen
Polk & Texas Annexation
In 1844, the Whigs nominated Henry Clay & the Democrats nominated James Polk
Polk won on expansionist platform Called for Texas annexation Called for an end to the joint U.S.-British control
of Oregon
Polk & Congress interpreted the election as mandate for expansion & Texas was quickly made a state
James K. Polk Democrat Nickname:
“Young Hickory”
“Dark Horse” President Narrow victory
4 Point Mission Lower the Tariff Restore the Independent
Treasury Get Oregon Get California
Mexican-American War
Causes of the Mexican War: Mexico recognized Texas’ independence & U.S.
annexation, but disagreed over Texas’ southern border
In May 1846, Polk sent U.S. General Zachary Taylor beyond the Rio Grande River which led to the Mexican-American War
The Mexican-American WarZachary Taylor won at
Buena Vista “Old Rough and Ready”
John C Fremont won in California
Stephen Kearney captured New Mexico
Winfield Scott captured Mexico City
The disputed area of Texas
Opposition to the Mexican War
Not everyone supported the Mexican-American War
Whigs opposed it
Northerners saw it as a Southern
“slave-power” plot to extend slavery
In 1848, U.S. & Mexico ended the war with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo:
Ending the Mexican War
The Rio Grande became the recognized U.S. southern border
The U.S. grew 20% by adding the Mexican Cession (present-day NM, AZ,
CA, Utah, NV, & parts of CO & WY
Added the Gadsden Purchase in 1853 to build a southern transcontinental railroad
Territorial Expansion by Mid-19th Century
Oregon• U.S. & Britain
jointly occupied Oregon (Spain relinquished its claims to Oregon in the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819)
• Britain claimed a greater stake of Oregon via Hudson Bay Co. (fur trade)
The Oregon Boundar
y Dispute
In 1846, President Polk notified Britain that the U.S. wanted full control of Oregon
Oregon residents demanded the entire territory:
“54º40’ or fight!”
But, the USA & England
compromised & divided Oregon
along 49th parallel in 1846
Territorial Expansion by Mid-19th Century
Benefits of Oregon: the U.S. gained its 1st deep-water port
in the Pacific & Northern
abolitionists saw Oregon as a balance to slave-state Texas
California settlers used
John Fremont’s occupation of California during the Mexican-American War as an opportunity to revolt from Mexico in 1846
The Bear Flag Republic
Like Texas, California operated as an independent nation; the California
Republic existed for one month from June 1846 to July 1846 when it was
annexed by the United States
California became a U.S. state as part of the Compromise of 1850
The discovery of gold in 1848 led to a massive
influx of prospectors in 1849 (the “forty-niners”): Few miners struck it rich The real money made in CA was in supplying miners
with food, saloons, & provisions
The gold rush led to a population boom, increase in agriculture, & multicultural Californian society
The California Gold Rush