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Time and ProfessionReasons and Effects of Time Cultures in Professions, exemplified by Midwives,

Artists, Site Supervisors, and Tram operatorsAn hermeneutical-empirical study

Franz Schapfel-Kaiser (BIBB)

Presentation at the ECER 2009, Vienna "Theory and Evidence in European Educational Research“Network: 2. Vocational Education and Training (VETNET), SES 11B

Wednesday 30.09. 2009

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Glance at time in occupations

Tramdriver Photographer

„The best way of dealing with timeis to ignore it“

„Always in search of the light“

“If you deviate from the time of travel,the message appears at the display:

´Please keep to the timetable´”

Dr. Franz Schapfel-Kaiser – Sept. 2009

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Ideas and supposition

„The innermost structure of the mentality of a group can never be as clearly grasped as when we attemped to understand its conception of time...“

Karl Mannheim 1936

Time is a social developed phänomen and together for the individual person impressioned by its specific actions, situations and its individual concept of life, or as Heidegger said its „Sorge“.

It‘s possible to find different „timemodells“ in occupations independent of the different regulations of worktime in the practice.

Dr. Franz Schapfel-Kaiser – Sept. 2009

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Approach of the study

Histo-

rical study

Philo-sophical study

Sociological study

conceptual part

three concepts of time

empirical part

selecting occu-pations

Interview the experts

Question-naire

artistsCompari-son results

Interpretative analyses of the interviews (Mayring / Strauss)

4 professions each 4 biogr. interviews

Dr. Franz Schapfel-Kaiser – Sept. 2009

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Time in history

• Common and cultural formed understanding of time promotes common identity Complex societies develope a more and more exact organisation of time

naturetime sundial organisation and identity god reminds factory horn reminds clocktime rules always

• Simple societies, natur oriented rhythms

• attention for the present rises and a expentantly anticipation of the future rises and promotes a dynamical and permanent contact to time

naturetime sundial organisation and identity god reminds factory horn reminds clocktime rules always

Dr. Franz Schapfel-Kaiser – Sept. 2009

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„timemodels“

• Static – circular timeconceptions – the return of the same, circular processes in nature

• Dynamic -lineare timeconceptions – time in projectplaning, as a simple line in space you can measure

• Eventtime, χαιρός - the favourable moment, to be in the moment, creativtime, don‘t care about the clock time - Flow

Dr. Franz Schapfel-Kaiser – Sept. 2009

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The choosen professions

midwives

naturetime

tramdriverr

clocktime

artists

Eigenzeit

sitemanager

projecttime

Dr. Franz Schapfel-Kaiser – Sept. 2009

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Conceptual thoughts for the questionaire

Dr. Franz Schapfel-Kaiser – Sept. 2009

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Phenomena of the experience of time among artists

Dr. Franz Schapfel-Kaiser – Sept. 2009

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comparision

Dr. Franz Schapfel-Kaiser – Sept. 2009

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Conclusion for VET and research• occupations have a potential to learn how to deal with time,

this can be used for developing curricula

• it‘s possible to look at occupations as specific timecultures this can be used for occupation-chosing processes of young people and as well for the competenceresearches in specific occupations

• time is a crucial point of integration and seperation, this can be used for the research on disadvanteged people

www.kibb.de/wlk24267.htm - schapfel-kaiser@bibb.de

Dr. Franz Schapfel-Kaiser – Sept. 2009