Post on 26-Dec-2015
M. Militarism A. Alliances, Assassination of
Archduke I. Industrialization, Imperialism N. Nationalism
1. The Alliance System1. The Alliance System
Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::
Background to Alliances
Bismarck Used war freely between 1865 and 1871 to
unify After 1871, Germany was “satisfied power” New goal: to prevent war (1871-1890) France biggest threat, so created alliances
to protect against French war 1879 DUAL ALLIANCE (Germany and
Austria-Hungary) 1882 TRIPLE ALLIANCE (Italy Joined) 1887 Treaty with Russia
Fall of Bismarck Fired by Wilhelm’s grandson (Wilhelm II) Wilhelm II wanted to pursue rapid
expansion He let the treaty with Russia lapse 1894, France formed alliance with Russia
Bismarck’s greatest fear.
Wilhelm II and the new German legacy Queen Victoria was his
grandmother Lifelong grudge against Britain Envied its empire and navy 1890’s began great ship-building
program to make German navy equal to Britain’s
Britain began to enlarge its own fleet=naval arm’s race
New Alliances 1904 treaty of friendship between France
and Britain 1907 Triple Entente treaty (Russia joins
club)
1. The Alliance System1. The Alliance System
Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::
Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
The Major Players: 1914-17
The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]
Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]
Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers::
Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]
Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]
Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
2. Militarism & Arms Race2. Militarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany
73%
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions of £s.in millions of £s.
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
Colonial
Rivalries:
Africain
1914
Colonial
Rivalries:
Africain
1914
Colonial Rivalries: Asia in 1914
Colonial Rivalries: Asia in 1914
The British Empire in 1914The British Empire in 1914
4. Aggressive Nationalism
4. Aggressive Nationalism
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
Balkans
100 years the Balkans had been trying to free themselves from Ottoman rule
By 1900s several groups had broken away and formed new nations: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia.
Austria-Hungary saw weakened Ottoman as chance to extend their influence on Balkan peninsula
Russia encouraged nationalism in the Balkans and worked to expand their influence there for access to ports of Mediterranean sea.
1908 Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbia worried about future Austria expansion.
The Balkans in
1914
The Balkans in
1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassin: The Assassin:
GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip
•Austrian heir killed by Serbian nationalists •Austria blamed Serbia•Germany issued “blank check” of support•Russia vowed to help Serbia•Austria declared war
Austria declared war on Serbia July 1914
Russia mobilized troops along Austrian-German border July 1914
Germany declared war on France and Russia August 1, 1914
Great Britain declares war on Germany- August 3, 1914
Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?
Europe in 1914Europe in 1914