-Fixes, -Nyms,-Phones, and -Graphs,

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Letter Groups

Homos – Greek meaning for similar or alike

Fixus – Latin meaning for to fasten

Phone – Greek for voice or sound

Graphon – Greek for something written

Prefixes are added to the beginning of a base word. They change the meaning of the base word.

Un + happy = unhappy

Re + do = redo

Prefixes

• The prefix re means again.– Reread means

to read again.– Rewrite means

to write again.What does

reheat mean?

• The prefix un means not or the opposite of.– Uncomfortable

means not comfortable.

– Unpack means the opposite of pack.

– What does unclear mean?

PrefixesAdd a prefix to the beginning of each word to make a new

word. Draw a line form the word to its meaning.

• ____do• ____happy• ____clear• ____read• ____pack

• The opposite of pack• Do again• Opposite of clear• Read again• Not happy

• The suffix ly means in a certain way.– Quickly means

in a quick way.– Loudly means in

a loud way.– What does

suddenly mean?

• The suffix ful means full of.– Colorful means

full of color.– Playful means

full of play.– What does

thankful mean?

SuffixesAdd a suffix to the end of each base word. Draw a

line to its new meaning.

• Loud____• Color____• Wonder____• Sudden_____• Play____

• In a loud way• Full of play• Full of wonder• In a sudden way• Full of color

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Homonyms

• Homonyms are different words that are pronounced the same:– Tale – tail– To – two – too

• They may or may not have different spelling. • Homonyms create ambiguity:

– I’ll meet you by the bank, in front of the automated teller machine.

– I’ll meet you by the bank. We can go fishing.

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Homographs

• Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings:– Dove – the bird– Dove – the past tense of dive– Bear – the verb– Bear – the animal

Homophones• Homophones are words that sound alike but they have different meanings and different

spellings.

Won and OneThere, They’re Their

Too, Two, and To

Homophones

See

Meet Meat

Sea

Homophones

BlewBlue

Pair Pear

Homographs• Homographs are words that may or may not sound alike but have the same spelling but a

different meaning.

Read and ReadTire and Tire

Tone and Tone

Homographs

BowBow

Scale Scale

Homographs

TearTear

Row Row

Which ones are

homophones?

Bear

New

Saw

Hear Toe

Pit

Can

Right

Which ones are

homographs?

Bear

New

Saw

Hear Toe

Pit

Can

Right

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Synonyms

• Words that sound different but have the same (or almost the same) meaning are synonyms. – Apathetic, phlegmatic, passive, sluggish,

indifferent– Sofa, couch

• Degree of similarity depends on number of semantic properties that two words share

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Formation of antonyms

• Un-

• Non-

• In-

• Dis-

• Mis-

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Antonyms

• Words that are opposite in meaning are antonyms– Beautiful – ugly (=not beautiful)– Big – small, hot – cold

• Gradable properties– Tiny, small, medium, large, huge, gigantic– “not tiny” doesn’t mean “gigantic”.