Post on 26-Dec-2015
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 1 of 26
Properties of Matter > Describing Matter
Matter- Anything that has mass and volume and takes up space
Different forms of matter have different properties that allow you to identify it.
2.1
Slide 2 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances
A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.
• Hardness
• color
• boiling point/melting point
• conductivity,
• texture,
• magnetic attraction
• malleability
2.1
Slide 3 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > Describing Matter
Extensive Properties
•An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. Will change as the size of the sample changes
•Ex. Mass, volume, length ect….
2.1
Slide 4 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > Describing Matter
Intensive Properties
An intensive property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample. Doesn’t change when you alter the size of a sample
Ex. Temperature, color, molecular weight, density ect…
Doesn’t matter how much water you have temp, color,density will not change
2.1
Slide 5 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > Chemical Changes
The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change is called a chemical property.
Chemical properties can be used to identify a substance. But chemical properties can be observed only when a substance undergoes a chemical change.
Ex. Flammability, reactivity, rusting
2.4
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Slide 6 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > REVIEW
Label the following properties as intensive or extensive and if they are a physical or chemical property
• Density
• Color
• Mass
• Malleability
• Combustibility
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter >
Slide 7 of 26
States of Matter
States of Matter
What are three states of matter?
2.1
Slide 8 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > States of Matter
Solids
A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.
2.1
Slide 9 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > States of Matter
Liquid
A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.
2.1
Slide 10 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > States of Matter
Gases
A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.
2.1
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter >
Slide 11 of 26
Physical Changes
Physical Changes
How can physical changes be classified?
2.1
Slide 12 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > Physical Changes
During a physical change the composition of the material does not change.
As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change.
2.1
Slide 13 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > Physical Changes
Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.
• All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another are reversible.
• Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg are examples of irreversible physical changes.
2.1
Slide 14 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > Chemical Changes
During a chemical change, the composition of matter always changes.
Recall that during a physical change, the composition of matter never changes.
2.4
Slide 15 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > Chemical Changes
A magnet separates iron from sulfur. This is an example of a physical change.
2.4
Slide 16 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > Chemical Changes
A mixture of iron and sulfur is heated. The iron and sulfur react and form iron sulfide. This is an example of a chemical change.
2.4
Slide 17 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > Chemical Changes
A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction.
One or more substances change into one or more new substances during a chemical reaction.
A substance present at the start of the reaction is a reactant.
A substance produced in the reaction is a product.
2.4
Slide 18 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > Recognizing Chemical Changes
Possible clues to chemical change include:
a transfer of energy
a change in color
the production of a gas
the formation of a precipitate.
2.4
Slide 19 of 26
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Properties of Matter > Chemical Changes
A precipitate is a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture.
Clues to chemical changes have practical applications.
2.4