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© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Chapter 11: Bandaging and Taping Techniques
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Routinely used various reasons– Provide compression to minimize swelling– Injury prevention– Provide additional support to an injured structure
• Application requires skill
• While bandaging and taping skills are not difficult, trained individuals with advanced experience should perform taping/bandaging
• There are slight nuances to taping and variations to numerous taping techniques
• Techniques may work better for one athlete vs. another – adjustments can be made
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• Taping supplies are often expensive and may not fit institution’s budget
• Tape application can be time consuming• Tape vs. Bracing – effectiveness in providing
support and preventing injury• Should never be used as a substitute for
rehabilitation– Must work to correct deficiency/weakness and use
tape/brace as an adjunct
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Elastic Bandages• Applied for a variety of purposes
– Compression of acute injuries – limit swelling– Secure dressing or ice pack– Provide support to injured soft tissue structure
• Gauze, cotton cloth, elastic wrapping
• Length and width vary and are used according to body part and size
• Sizes ranges 2, 3, 4, 6 inch width and 6 or 10 yard lengths
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Elastic Bandage Application
• Hold bandage in preferred hand with loose end extending from bottom of roll
• Back surface of loose end should lay on skin surface
• Pressure and tension should be standardized
• Anchor is created by overlapping wrap– Start anchor at smallest circumference of limb
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• Body part should be wrapped in position of maximum contraction
• More turns with moderate tension vs. fewer turns with maximum tension
• Each turn should overlap by half to prevent separation
• Begin distally and move proximally
• Circulation should be monitored when limbs are wrapped
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Elastic bandages can be used to provide support for a variety scenarios:
• Ankle and foot spica• Lower leg spiral
bandage (spica)• Groin support• Shoulder spica• Elbow figure-eight• Hand and wrist figure-
eight
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Ankle/Foot Spica
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Lower Leg Spiral Bandage and Hip Spica
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Shoulder Spica
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Elbow Figure ‘8’
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Hand/Fingers Figure ‘8’
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Non-elastic White Tape• Great adaptability due to:
– Uniform adhesive mass– Adhering qualities– Lightness– Relative strength
• Help to hold dressings and provide support and protection to injured areas
• Come in varied sizes (1”, 1 1/2” , 2”)
• When purchasing the following should be considered:
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Tape Grade– Graded according to longitudinal and vertical fibers per inch– More costly (heavier) contains 85 horizontal and 65 vertical
fibers
• Adhesive Properties– Should adhere regularly and maintain adhesion with
perspiration – Contain few skin irritants – Be easily removable without leaving adhesive residue and
removing superficial skin
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• Winding Tension– Critically important– If applied for protection tension must be even
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Elastic Adhesive Tape• Used in combination with non-elastic tape
• Good for small, angular parts due to elasticity.
• Comes in a variety of widths (1”, 2”, 3”, 4”)
Storing Adhesive Tape• Store in a cool place
• Stack so that the tape rests on its flat top or bottom to avoid distortion of the roll
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Preparation for Taping
• Skin surface should be clean of oil, perspiration and dirt
• Hair should be removed to prevent skin irritation with tape removal
• Tape adherent is optional
• Foam and skin lubricant should be used to minimize blisters
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Tape directly to skin for maximum support
• Prewrap (roll of thin foam) can be used to protect skin in cases where tape is used daily
• Prewrap should only be applied one layer thick when taping and should be anchored proximally and distally
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Proper taping technique– Tape width used dependent on area
– Acute angles = narrower tape
• Tearing tape– Various techniques can be used but should always allow
athletic trainer to hold on to roll of tape
– Do not bend, twist or wrinkle tape
– Tearing should result in straight edge with no loose strands
– Some tapes may require cutting agents
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Rules for Tape Application
• Tape in the position in which joint must be stabilized
• Overlap the tape by half
• Avoid continuous taping
• Keep tape roll in hand whenever possible
• Smooth and mold tape as it is laid down on skin
• Allow tape to follow contours of the skin
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Rules for Tape Application (cont.)
• Start taping with an anchor piece and finish by applying a locking strip
• Where maximum support is desired, tape directly to the skin
• Do not apply tape if skin is hot or cold from treatments
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Removing Adhesive Tape• Manual Removal
– Always pull tape in direct line with body (one hand pulls tape while other hand presses skin in opposite direction
• Use of scissors and cutters– Be sure not to aggravate injured area with cutting device
• Using “Tape Remover”– Alcohol-based liquid useful for removing adherent– Works best when scrubbing with towel or cloth– Wash tape remover off with soap and water
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• Waterproof tape– Swimmer, diver, or waterpolo player might
require application of adhesive tape– If waterproof tape is not available, duct tape
can be used as an effective substitute
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Common Taping Techniques
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Arch Taping
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Great Toe Taping
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Toes
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Closed Basket Weave Ankle Taping
• Used for newly sprained ankles
• Also utilized for chronically weak ankles
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Achilles Tendon(prevent Achilles over-stretching)
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Knee Taping- Should never be used as replacement to rehabilitation
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Elbow (Prevents elbow hyperextension)
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Wrist (Protects and stabilizes badly injured wrist)
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Thumb(Provide support to
musculature and joint)
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Finger and Thumb Checkreins